1、虚拟语气The Subjunctive Mood 英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气一、陈述语气 用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。1.There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面.2.They didnt watch fireworks yesterday evening.昨晚他们没有看焰火.3.What can I do for you?我能为你做什么?4.How disappointed Tom was!汤姆很失望.5.What lovely flowers those are!那些花儿真漂亮.
2、二、祈使语气用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加do not.1.Let me have a try.我来试一试.2.Dont be late again.别再迟到了.3.Dont say it in Chinese.Say it in English.别用汉语说,用英语.4.Lets go and play basketball.我们去打篮球.1.I hope our life will be better.希望我们的生活会更好。2.I wish I were younger.要是我年轻一点就好了。3.If he was out that day,then h
3、e couldnt answer the phone.如果那天他在外面，他就无法接电话.4.If he had been out that day,he couldnt have answered the phone.如果那天他在外面的话，他就无法接到电话了.有可能(陈述语气)不可能(虚拟语气)推测(陈述语气)与事实相反(虚拟语气)三 虚拟语气与事实相反,或不可能发生,或发生的可能性非常小表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测或建议等等。四、虚拟语气的种类1.条件类虚拟If I were a millionaire,I would still work hard.如果
4、我是百万富翁，我还是要努力工作。2.wish类虚拟I wish I had not wasted the time.要是我没有浪费时间就好了。3.Should类虚拟 I suggest you phone before you go there.我建议你去那儿之前先打个电话。五(1)条件类虚拟时间从句谓语主句谓语现在 If I were If I did I would be I would do 将来 If I were/did If I should be/doIf I were to do I would be I would do 过去 If I had been If I had d
5、one I would have been I would have done 1.If we had time now,we would read it again.2.If she knew about it,she would come.3.If he were here,everything would be all right.4.If it were Sunday tomorrow,I would go to see my friends there.5.If she should come,I would ask her for help.6.If you were to fai
6、l to catch the train,you mighttake the bus.7.If he had seen you yesterday,he would haveasked you about it.8.If I had had the money last year,I would havebought a car.9.If they had known her address,they wouldhave written to her.1.If I _ you,I wouldnt return the call.A.be B.am C.was D.were2.If I _mor
7、e time,I would have gone with you.A.had B.had had C.Have had D.would have3.If I had known that,I _ so.A.wouldnt do B.wouldnt have done C.wont do D.have not done4.If it_ tomorrow,what would we do?A.rains B.rained C.would rain D.rain5.If it should rain,I _go there tomorrow.A.will B.would not C.wont D.
8、would not havePracticeDBBBB不用if条件从句，而用介词或副词without(没有),but for(要不是),otherwise(否则)这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句.1.I was busy last week.OtherwiseOtherwise I wouldwould havehave comecome to see you.=If I had not been busy,I would have come2.Without Without/butbut forfor you,I wouldwould notnot bebe what I am t
9、oday.=If it hadnt been for you,I would not be.五(2)条件类虚拟的简略式1.WithoutWithout electricity,human life_ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 2.But forBut for the Party,he _of hunger 30 years ago.A.would have died B.would die C.must die D.must have died 3.I was busy yesterday
10、,otherwise I _ your birthday party.A.attended B.have attended C.Would attend D.would have attendedIf there were no electricity,If it hadnt been for the Party,DAPracticeIf I hadnt been busy,I D这类虚拟表示不可能实现的愿望，或和事实相反的情况六、wish类虚拟I wish I were/would do/had done If only I were/would do/had done I would ra
11、ther did/had done He looked as if he were/would do/had doneIt is time we did/should do I wished I were younger.I wish I hadnt told him about it.I wish that I would afford a new car.If only he had talked to her sooner!I would rather you didnt go out alone.It looks as if it were brokenIt is time we st
12、arted to work.1.I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night.A.was B.were C.had been D.should be2.How I wish I _to repair the watch!I only made it worse.A.had tried B.hadnt tried C.have tried D.didnt try 3.If only I _ able to lighten the burden of my family,but I am still a student.A.were B.h
13、ave been C.am D.would be4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A.were B.would be C.have been D.had been 5.I wish _ me alone.A.he has left B.he leaves C.He will leave D.he would leave6.Id rather you _ tomorrow.A.came B.come C.will come D.had comeCBADDA表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句通常用“should+动词
14、原形”。should可以省略一坚持:insist 二命令:order,command三建议:advice,suggest,recommend四要求:demand,require,request,desire形容词：necessary,important,essential,strange七、should类虚拟Examples1.He suggested that we should visit the palace right away.2.She recommended that the meeting be put off.3.He ordered that they should sta
15、rt off immediately.4.I demanded that he should answer me at once.5.It is necessary that the problem should bediscussed at once.6.It was surprising that he should say so.It is really strange that the girl _ so early.A.has been married B.has married C.be married D.would marryC八、虚拟句的倒装形式条件从句中有were,had,
16、should时,可不要if,而用倒装(注意:had必须是完成式的助动词)1.If I shouldshould meet her,I wouldwould telltell her.2.If I werewere in your position,I wouldwould dodo it better.3.If it werewere to rain tomorrow,I would put off the journey.4.If he hadhad seenseen you,he would talked to you.ShouldShould I meet her,I would tel
17、l her.WereWere I in your position,I would do it better.WereWere it to rain tomorrow,I would put off the journey.HadHad he seenseen you,he would talked to you.1 If we_(book)a table earlier,we couldnt be standing here in a queue.2 If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he_(be)abl
18、e to speak it much better now.3.Do you think George has passed the driving test?No.If so,he _(drive)his car to our college yesterday.4.My mom suggests that we_(eat)out for a change this weekend.5.It rained cats and dogs this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah,we would have got wet all over if
19、we _.6.Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _(be)at the age of six months old.7.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _(have)time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.8.If my car _(be)more reliable,I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.9.We _(face)the difficulty toge
20、ther,but why didnt you tell me?10 If we _(make)adequate preparations,the conference wouldnt have been so successful.11.We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we_(visit)more places of interest yesterday.12.I_(go)through that bitter period without your generous help.13.If he _(follow)my advic
21、e,he wouldnt have lost his job.14.If we _(take)the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.15.John went to the hospital alone.If he _(tell)me about it,I would have gone with him.16.Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy _ (save).1（2014重庆卷）It wa
22、s John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _it?A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doing2（2014浙江卷）They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they _ to our help.A.would have come B.could come C.have come D.had come3（2014天津卷）_ the morning train,h
23、e would not have been late for the meeting.A.Did he catch B.should be catch C.has he caught D.Had he caught4（2014陕西卷）We would rather our daughter _ at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay【举一反三】George is going to talk about the
24、geography of his country,but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focusedAADCB5（2014湖南卷）If Mr.Dewey _ present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A.wereB.had been G.should beD.was6（2014福建卷）no modern telecommunications,we would have to
25、wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been7（2014北京卷）We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A.areB.wereC.will beD.would be【举一反三】Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A.lives B.would live C.having lived D.Were to live【举一反三】I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A.had come B.was coming C.would come D.would have comeBADDD
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