1、定语从句修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.The students(who dont study hard)will not pass先行词定语从句the exam.主句:The students will not pass the exam.关系词3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在从句中一个成分。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词有where,when,why一关系代
2、词引导的定语从句1，who指人，在从句中做主语宾语The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2,whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whomwho)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whomwho I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)The m
3、an who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语,宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)The number of the people that/whocome to visit the city each year rises
4、to one million.(2)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时.(1)Have you taken down everything（that）Mr.Li has said?(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible
5、for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little（that）I can do for you.2.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被the very,the only 修饰时(1)This is the very dictionary that I w
6、ant to buy,(2)After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Who is the man that is standing there?(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（1）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，并置
7、于介词之后。（2）在先行词是物的非限制性定语从句中。（3）在非限制性定语从句中 作主语，或代表前面整个句子，或前面主句中的表语部分。在下列情况下用which,不用that。Tom was always late for school,which made his teacher angry5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in(倒塌).The classroom whose door is b
8、roken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.6.关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)He married her,as/which was natural.(2)He was honest,as/which we can see.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，主句之前，之后或句中；which引导的主句之后
9、。as有“正如，正像”的意思(1)As is known to all,China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south,as we can see from his accent.(3)Lu Xun,as you know,is a famous writer.which“这一点”(4)He has been to Paris more than several times,which I dont believe.as有“正如，正像”的意思 3.当先行词受such,so,the same修饰时，常用as.(1)I have neve
10、r heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着
11、和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。二 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由“介词+关系代词”引导The school(that/which)he once studied inis very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.2.若介词放在关系代词前
12、，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时,用whose.(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(2)The man with who/that you talked is my friend.(3)The plane on which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(4)The plane on that we flew into Canada is very comfortable.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,no
13、ne,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)He loved his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom are from big cities.Exercise 1:用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing
14、ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/thatExercise:5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father
15、 is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich thatMatch the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?Join two sentences into one:
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