1、GrammarUnit10 Lesson 3The Infinitive动词不定式 概述动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,它没有人称和数的变化。在句中可作主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语。它还有动词的特征，可以带宾语和状语等。一.结构:to do (否定)not to do e.g.I have come to ask for your advice.主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing无 构成(以动词do为例)1.一般式(to do)被动式(to be done)e.g.Would you like to be a millionaire?She
2、 asked to be treated equally.Mary seems to be thinking deeply.a)Mark said to the doctor,“I dont want _.”(examine)b)Mark said to the doctor,“I dont want you _.”(examine)to be examinedto examine2.不定式的否定形式(not to do;)e.g.1.Not to get there in time is your fault.2.He decided not to go home.3.疑问词+不定式e.g.
3、a)When to start has not been decided.b)I dont know what to choose.c)The question is how to put the plan into plactice.作 补 语作 宾 语作 定 语作 状 语作 表 语 功能作 主 语一.作主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，放在句首，不定式短语放在后面。e.g.a)To obey laws is everyones duty.b)Its not easy to master a foreign language.注意:不定式复合结构
4、Its+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.Its very kind of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English.二.作宾语(主语+动词+不定式)1.不定式可以做动词或介词的宾语。1“V+to do。这类动词常见的有:agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,fo
5、rget 等，eg:1.I want to be NO.1.2.I didnt expect to find you here.2.做介词的宾语时，常用“疑问词+to do”。eg:I am worrying about what to do next.注意：it 可以做形式宾语，真正的宾语还是动词不定式。1.I find it difficult to understand him.2.We thought it wrong not to help her.3.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.think/con
6、sider/find it+adj.+to do 三.作定语（起修饰作用）一般作后置定语e.g.a)He is the doctor to do the operation.b)This is the Hope Project School to be built next year.注意:当名词有特定的定语(adj./adv.的最高级,序数词及next,only,right等),其后接不定式作后置定语。e.g.a)He is the first(student)to come and the lastto leave.b)Where is the best place to meet?c)W
7、e need the next room to hold a meeting.d)He is the only person to be fit for the job.四.作状语不定式可作目的、原因、结果、条件、方式状语表目的的不定式可以置于句首(to,in order to)，但不可以用so as to.a)He came here to attend a meeting.(目的)To learn English well,you must practise more.b)His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.（结果）c)W
8、e were very excited to hear the news.(原因)五.作宾补常带动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,tell,invite,force,advise,get,allow,help,encourage,order,like,hate等e.g.a)They dont allow people to smoke.b)The boss forced the workers to work day and night.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.二
9、看watchseelook at 三使letmakehave一听listen to hear四注意:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等notice五感觉:I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you
10、 like to do besides sleep.六.作表语(主语+系动词+不定式)e.g.a)My job is to teach English in a middle school.b)To see is to believe.c)The problems remain to be unsettled.一.Tell how the Infinitives are used.1.It is useful to know how to drive.主语 2.I need to attend the meeting.宾语3.I didnt expect Mary to invite meto
11、 her birthday party.4.She listens to news every day so as to find out whats going on.5.I was disappointed to hear the news.宾补状语状语6.Not to get there in time is your fault.7)Could you tell me how to get to the airport?8)The question is how to put the plan into plactice.主语宾语表语二.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Its very k
12、ind of you _ it for me.(do)2.My job is _ the students English.(teach)3.Before you leave the room,please remember _the light.(turn off)4.The children are warned _ in that lake.(not swim)to doto teachnot to swimto turn off5.She doesnt know whether and when _ Shanghai.(leave)6.There are 10 lessons for
13、the students _ this term.(learn)7.He asked _(send)to work in Tibet.to leaveto be sentto learn三.Choose the correct form of the verbs in the box to complete the sentences.1.At that time,women were expected _at home,take care of their husbands and children.to staydamage,study,take,persuade,make,learn,s
14、tay,deal with,show,create2.I think its really important _ friends with different kinds of people.3.I want to have the opportunity _an advanced English course and improve my English.to maketo take4.Is it possible _ from the experiences of others?5.I finally managed _ her to go out for a drink with me
15、.6.I stopped smoking so as not _ my babys health.to learnto persuadeto damage7.The man emptied his pockets _ that he wasnt carrying drugs.8.The software makes it easy _ colorful pictures.9.A person like him is difficult _.to showto createto deal with四.完成下列句子1.为了谋生，你必须努力工作。_ _ _ _,you must work hard.
16、2.我们应该呼吁公众保护环境。We should appeal to the public _ _ the environment.3.互相帮助是一种美德。_ _ _ _ is a virtue.to protect To help each otherTo earn a living4.她的梦想是当一名设计师。Her dream is _ _ _ _.5.我们决定周末去野餐。We have decided _ _ _ _ at the weekend.6.学习绘画的最好方法是多练。The best way _ _ _ is to practice more.to become a designerto have a picnicto learn painting 大智慧练习(P24)课后强化训练第一题用所给词的适当形式填空。Homework
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