1、Language points1.abstract adj.抽象的;深奥的 n.摘要an abstract concept 抽象概念abstract philosophical problems 深奥的哲学问题Her ideas seem a little abstract.她的思想有点儿让人费解。Astronomy is an abstract subject.天文学是一门深奥的学科。To make an abstract of a speech 将演说作 一摘要in the abstract 就一般而言，理论上来讲abstract sth from sth 从某物中提炼出某物我们将从理论上
2、来考虑这个问题。We will consider this problem _ _ _.将一本书做成一个摘要。Make _ _ of a book.橡胶是从树木提取的。rubber is _ from trees.in the abstractan abstractabstracted2.faith n.信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条1)信念;信任,完全信赖(+in)+that He always puts his faith in the future.他对未来总是抱有信心。2)信仰;宗教信仰;信条(+in)People of every faith attended the mayors f
3、uneral.信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。3.Consequently,this text will describe only the most important ones,starting from the sixth century AD.The bank refused to help the company;consequently,it went bankrupt.She overslept and,consequently,she was late.consequently=as a consequently=as a result,result,therefore t
4、herefore 因此It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off.A.however B.still C.so D.consequentlyAs a result of her mothers illness,she left school.Her mother became ill;_ she left school.consequently4.During the Renaissance,new ideas and values replaced those held in the Middle Ages.文艺复兴时期
5、，新的观点和价值观取代了中世纪人们坚持的观点和价值观。take the place oftake the place of=take ones place=take ones place=replace replace 代替代替take place take place 发生发生,举办举办take ones place take ones place 就座就座,坐下坐下如果他不来的话,谁会替代他呢?Who will take the place of him if he doesnt come?Who will take his place if he doesnt come?5.During
6、 the Middle Ages,the main aimof the painters was to represent religious themes.中世纪，画家们的主要目的是表达宗教主题。take aim at 瞄准=aim atsth.be aimed at 旨在;目的在于;针对with the aim of 有的目的without aim 无目的的,胡乱地这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。These measures are _ _government costs.他没有瞄准就开枪。He fired _ _.他的人生没有目标。He has_ _ in life.aimed atwith
7、out aimno aim6.typical adj 典型的；有代表性的Eg:a typical British summer 典型的英国夏天typical+of 1)典型的,有代表性的This painting is typical of his early work.这幅画是他早期的代表作。2)特有的,独特的;表现特征的It was typical of him to be so merciless.只有他才会这么冷酷无情。1.In a _ display,colored streamers seem to race across the sky.典型的一种现象是：彩色的光流划过天际。2.
8、This chair is _ of Anthonys way of designing furniture.这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的代表。typical typical 7.They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves,their houses and possessions.他们雇请著名艺术家来画他们，及他们的住宅和其他的财产。possession 拥有,占有,所有,领土,领地,财产(常用复数)富人个人财产他放弃了这房子的所有权。a man of great possessionspersonal possession
9、sHe gave up _ of the house.possessionpossessionSbin possession of 某人拥有某物Sth.in the possession of sb为某人拥有Sth.in ones possession possess v.他有两辆汽车。He possesses two cars.He is in possession of two cars.Two cars are in his possession.你是怎样得到它的?How did you get(take)possession of it?8.When people first saw
10、his paintings,they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.人们初次看到他的作品，认为是通过在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。convince vt.使确信 说服convince sb.of sthconvince sb.to do sth.be convinced of sth我们说服她搭火车去。We_ her_ by train.她试图使我们相信她的清白。She tried to _ her innocence.我坚信她是清白无辜的.convincedto
11、 goconvinced us of他劝我应该学法律。他劝我应该学法律。He convinced me that I should study law.花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.Everyone was convinced by his words.9.If the rules of perspective had not beendiscovered,no one would have been able to paint such reali
12、stic pictures.如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。本句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气。如果条件从句中假设的情况不能实现，则是非真是条件句，要用虚拟语气。If she were my daughter,I wouldnt let her stay out the whole night.如果她是我的女儿，我就不会让她整夜不归。If I had had enough money,I would have bought a DV before travelling.如果那时我有足够的钱，我会在旅行之前买一部数码摄像机的。10.By coincidence,oil paints we
13、re also developed at this time,which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富，更深沉。这是which 引导的，是定语从句，指的是前面的句子 oil paints were also developed at this time。类似的用法有：His wife died,which made his life change greatly.他妻子去世了，这使得他的生活发生了巨大的变化。11.Without the new
14、 paints and the new technique,we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。这里有without引动的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，逐句用虚拟语气we would not be able to see。类似的用法有：Without your help,he would not pass the test.没有你的帮助，他就不能通过这次测试。12.In the la
15、te 19th,Europe changed a great deal.a great deal.a great deal=a good deal 大量的;a great deal of=a good deal of 大量的;He ate _for supper yesterday.He ran _ faster than me.She is _ better today.She has _ experience.I have _work to do.I was _surprised.a great deal of money/information/watera great deal of
16、money/information/watera great deala great deala great deala great deala great deala great deala great deal ofa great deal ofa great deal ofa great deal ofa great deala great deal13.Nowadays,there are scores of modern art styles.scores of 很多,几十score 二十;(比赛)的得分There are There are scores of roomsscore
17、s of rooms in the hotel.in the hotel.Ive seen the film Ive seen the film scores of timesscores of times.Scores of peopleScores of people were killed in the fight.were killed in the fight.足球比赛的比分是四比一。The score in the football game was 4-1.七十岁,古稀之年六十人许多年前three score(years)and tenthree score(years)and
18、tenthree score of peoplethree score of peoplescores of years agoscores of years ago我需要一打铅笔.(二十只铅笔)他买了三打啤酒.我们去广州十几次了.I need I need a dozen pencilsa dozen pencils.I need I need a score of pencilsa score of pencils.He bought three dozen bottles of beer.He bought three dozen bottles of beer.We have been
19、 to Guangzhou dozens of times.We have been to Guangzhou dozens of times.1.He spent _money on books and _his books are about space and satellite.A.A great deal of,a good many ofB.a good many;a great number ofC.a large quantity of;a large amount ofD.many;plenty of2.She bought _eggs yesterday,but there
20、 were _ them broken.A.two scores of;scores ofB.scores of;two scores ofC.scores of;two score ofD.score of;two score14.The painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes,but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the objects.The second question was so difficult that I did
21、nt even attempt it.I attempted to speak but was told to keep quiet.She made an attempt to lock the door.attempt n.attempt n.努力努力,尝试尝试,企图企图 vtvt.尝试尝试,企图15.on the other hand(可是）另一方面on the one hand 一方面Eg:1)On the one hand,she taught English;on the other hand she learned Chinese.她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。2)On the
22、 one hand I admire his gifts,but on the other hand I distrust his judgment.一方面我承认他有天分，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。1)_,it may strike oil at a fairlyhigh level.另一方面，也可能在相当浅的地方打出油来。2)I know this job of mine isnt well paid,but_ I dont have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来讲来说，我也不必工作太长时间。On the other handon the
23、other hand预言;预料;预报+that+wh-He predicted that an earthquake was imminent.他预言即将发生地震。He predicted a good harvest.他预言丰收I can predict something with great accuracy.我能很准确地预测某事。16.predict vt.预言，预测，预告2.Its hard to _ when it will happen.很难预见这件事何时发生。1.The economists _ an increase in the rate of inflation.经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。predictedpredict
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