1、第二篇阅读第三节 推理判断题的解题技巧所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。此类考题虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。广东卷中的推理判断题主要包括推断隐含意思、推断目标读者、推断观点态度、推断文章出处、推断写作意图等。尤以推断隐含意义的题居多。第一类 推断隐含意义推断隐含意义，即要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意
2、义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论)等词语。常见的题干设题形式如下：1We can know from the passage that _2.We can infer from the(first/last)passage that _3The passage/author implies/suggests that _4It can be concluded from the passage that _5The underlined se
3、ntence indicates that _一、常见的设问形式解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点(推理的依据)；然后细读、理解相关信息点的字面意义；最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。解答此类题目，需注意以下几个问题：1严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，切忌掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。2如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案。二、解题方法3如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案。4如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答
4、案。5文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should，must，may等)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案。6.注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather等，则常带有否定的意味。例The position was offered at the last minute，and I was given two weeks to prepare，a period I spent searching for briefcase(公文包)and standing before my fulllengthmirror，repeating the
5、words，“Hello，class.Im Mr.Davis.”Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.Sometimes I would sound experienced.Butwhen the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.Isounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12yearold boy.What can we learn about the au
6、thor from the Paragraph?AHe would be aggressive in his first class.BHe was wellprepared for his first class.CHe got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.DHe waited long for the arrival of his first class.解析：推断隐含意义题。根据本段中的“But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Da
7、vis was there.”和“I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12yearold boy.”可知本题选C。答案：C第二类 推断写作意图推断写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。1The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _2The passage is meant to _3The authors purpose is to show _4The purpose of the article is to _一、常见的设问形式作者的
8、写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种。解答此类题时主要有两种方法：1主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。2文体推断法：根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。如记叙文，二、解题方法特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱乐读者；夹叙夹议的文章，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；广告和议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普说明文或新闻报告，其目的是告知读者某些信息。例Cold weather can be hard on pets，just like it can be hard
9、on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所)as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you
10、 can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out，stay outside with them.When youre cold enough to go inside，they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time，make sure they have a warm，solid she
11、lter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of nonfrozen water.What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem.BTo give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story.DTo present a research result.解析：推断写作目的题。根据第一段的中心句(最后一句)可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是给养宠物的人提一些实用的建议。答案：B第三类 推断观点态度推断观点态度，即要求考生推断作者对某人某事的看法或
12、作者所持的观点。1The author seems to be in favor of/against _2 The author may probably agree with/support _3Whats the authors opinion about.?4In the authors opinion.?一、常见的设问形式根据文章的内容和作者的措辞能推断作者所持的观点或看法，判断作者的态度是客观的、主观的，肯定的、否定的或是中立的。例It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedul
13、e will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr.Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.Ive never heard anything so二、解题方法ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in
14、 the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.What does the author think about Dr.Frederic Truby King?AHe is strict.BHe is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea.DHe sets a timetable for mothers.解析：推断作者观点态度题。由“Ive never heard anything so ridiculous(荒谬可笑的)”可知。答案：C第四类 推断文章出处推断文章出处
15、，即通过阅读材料，感知内容，从而推断材料的来源。1The text is most likely to be taken from _2Where does the text probably come from?3Where can we most probably read this text?一、常见的设问形式解答这类推断题时，可根据文章的内容或结构来推断，也可根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处，如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用或操作方式等。例The multimillion pound new
16、 Library of Birmingham(LoB)will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(数字化)of everyday life.二、解题方法Set to open in 2013，the 188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre，with which it will share some equipment.As digital medi
17、a(媒介)is important to its idea，the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.Brian Gambles，the LoB project director，says it is about giving people the right tools for learning.“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital，pr
18、oviding 24hour services which can be used through many different ways.Itis important to enable us to reach more people，more effectively.”The digital library will，he says，be as important as the physical one，allowing the distant use of the services，making sure that it is never closed to the public.Eve
19、n before the LoB is complete，the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虚 拟 的)LoB，designed by Baden，the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists.Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB，but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the buil
20、ding and how it will work before it even opens.Two other small Birminghambased digital companies are also working on the LoB projects.Substrat，a digital design company，is developing what it calls an example of an“enlarged reality”project.It is about the use of an exciting smart phone，an important pa
21、rt of the LoB which is in the early stages of development.And The Peoples Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots，in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.Gambles says:“Technology will enable
22、 us to make the librarys content and services open to citizens as never before.”The text is most probably taken from _Aa computer bookBa library guideCa project handbookDa newspaper report解析：推断文章出处。文章开头用简短的话概括文章，结尾又有评论，符合新闻报道的特点。答案：D第五类 推断目标读者推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。1The passage is pr
23、obably written for _2Who is the passage written for?3The text is written mainly for _一、常见的设问形式解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。例 Exploit your parking spaceAn unused parking space or garage can make money.Ifyou live near a city center or an airport，you could make anything up to 200 or 300 a week.Put an
24、 advertisement(广告)for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark.Rent(出租)a room二、解题方法Spare room?Not only will a lodger(房客)earn you an income，but also，thanks to the governmentbacked“rent a room”program，you wont have to pay any tax on the first 4，500 you make per year.Try advertising your room on Roomspare or R
25、oommateeasy.Make money during special eventsDont want a fulltime lodger?Then rent on a shortterm basis.If you live in the capital，renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money.Grashpadder can advertise your space.For whom is the text most probably written?ALodgers.B
26、Advertisers.CHouse owners.DOnline companies.解析：推断目标读者题。文中围绕如何利用家中闲置的空间来赚取额外的收入进行论述，故其目标读者应为房主。答案：C阅读下列文段，从题后所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。1 When I was a teenager，my mothers broken English embarrassed me.But now，I see it differently.To me，my mothers English is perfectly clear，perfectly natural.It is my mother t
27、ongue.Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of observation and wisdom.It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things，expressed ideas，and made sense of the world.u 即学即练What does the author think of her mothers English now?AIt confuses her.BIt embarrasses her.CIt helps her und
28、erstand the world.DIt helps her tolerate rude people.解析：推 断 隐 含 意 义。由“But now，I see it differently.To me.and made sense of the world”可知选C。答案：C 2When I put on my flashlights，I was saying to other drivers，“I have a problem here.I am weak and doing the best I can.”And everyone understood.Severaltimes，I
29、 saw drivers who wanted to pass.They couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic.Butinstead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?AThey speeded up to pass.BThe
30、y waited with patience.CThey tried their best to help.DThey put on their flashlights too.解析：推断隐含意义。由该段中的“But instead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.”可知选B。答案：B 3Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we d
31、ont feel that way.But those are few and far between.More often，it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.In this passage，the author advises us to_.Ahandle problems by ourselvesBaccept help from othersCadmit our weaknessDsho
32、w our bravery解析：推断隐含意义。根据文章最后一句“More often，it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.”可知选C。答案：C 4However，it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25%of the homes，while aggres
33、sion and fighting were observed in 10%of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.For example，when a cat turns its head away，it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission.Some cats and dogs may fight when_Athey are cold to eac
34、h other解析：推断隐含意义。根据该段中的“One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”一句可知选C。答案：CBthey look away from each otherCthey misunderstood each others signalsDthey are introduced at an early age 5The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto pe
35、ople who dont get along，including neighbors，colleagues at work，and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?AWe should learn to live in harmony.BWe should know more about animals.CWe should live
36、in peace with animals.DWe should learn more body languages.推断隐含意义。通读全文不难判断：猫狗且能和谐相处，人类有何不可？根据该段大意可知本题选A。解析：答案：A6A year after graduation，I was offered a position teaching a writing class.Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered，though several of my stories had been published.I accep
37、ted the job without hesitation，as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.My father went by the same name，and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused.“Wait a minute，”someone might say，“are you talking about Mr.Davis the retired man，or Mr.Davis the respectable
38、scholar？”The author took the job to teach writing because_Ahe wanted to be respectedBhe had written some storiesChe wanted to please his fatherDhe had dreamed of being a teacher推理隐含意义。根据该段中的“as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.”一句可知选A。解析：答案：A 7Providing guidance for par
39、ents on how to raise children is an ageold tradition.Perhaps the most widelyused guide was Baby and Child Care by Benjamin Spock，published in 1946，one of the biggest bestsellers of all time.Michael Ungar adds a new handbook to show how parents can instill in their children a sense of compassion(同情)，
40、giving priority to“we”rather than to“me”He draws on other authorities，his own experience as a father，and the understanding he has achieved from yearsof offering help to disturbed families.Practical guidance is offered on producing children who are responsible for themselves and others.Ungar fully re
41、cognizes the difficulty of helping young people move from selfcenteredness to caring for other people.Accordingly，he ends each chapter with a“Tips List”that offers effective suggestions on how to prepare children to become compassionate by engaging in simple acts of kindness.The importance of associ
42、ations with parents and other adults is explored in two chapters that show how relationships can lead to responsibility.What Ungar calls“good touch”，both physically and emotionally，is thoughtfully examined as a way of fostering connections and kinship(亲密关系)Chapters are devoted to showing how childre
43、n can be helped to take responsibility for themselves and others；to criticizing what are called“monster homes”in wealthy suburbs；and to arguing for communities that facilitate(促进)human interaction.The author of this helpful guidebook is a Canadian social worker on the faculty of Dalhousie University
44、 in Halifax，Nova Scotia.He earned bachelors and masters degrees in social work at McGill University and his doctorate in social work at Wilfrid Laurier University.As an accomplished researcher and practitioner,Ungar has numerous publications to his credit.His new book will deservedly enhance his wel
45、lmerited reputation.It is a useful addition to the list of parental handbooks.(1)The above passage is most probably taken from a _Aresearch paper BbiographyCbook review Dtextbook(2)The last paragraph is written to _Atell us the works Michael UngarBlet us know how famous Michael Ungar isCmake a summa
46、ry of Michael Ungars lifeDmake us more convinced of Michael Ungars book(1)推断文章出处。全文主要介绍Michael Ungar的新书的主要内容和特色。解析：答案：C(2)推断写作意图。最后一段简要介绍Michael Ungar的经历，结尾句“It is a useful addition to the list of parental handbooks.”的意图是为了使读者对Michael Ungar的新书更有信心。解析：答案：D8I dont want to see anyone cut off from the e
47、xpressive，personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does.For many a biographer，part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.According to the author，handwritten notes_Aare harder to teach in schoolsBattract more attentionCare
48、 used only between friendsDcarry more message推 理 隐 含 意 义。由 该 段 第 一 句“the expressive，personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does.”可知选D。解析：答案：D9Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself.Sometimes youll hear people say that
49、 you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself.Either way，youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky.Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes，and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics.But
50、 sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves.If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge，it is time you build a positive selfimage and learn to love yourself.Who are the intended readers of the passage?AParents.BAdolescents.CEducators.DPeople in general.推断目标读者。由该
51、段第四句中“were the apple of our parents eyes.our Grandmas think were.and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics”等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的，故选B。解析：答案：B10“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over
52、 you？”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves，”he said.Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity.When waves come toward the shore.The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electric
53、ity.“The resource is huge，”said Janet Swain of the Worldwatch Institute.“We will never run out of wave power.”Swain said that wave power still costs too much money.Traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out.In the future when you turn on a light，an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to_Atest the readers knowledge about wavesBdraw the readers attention to the topicCshow Jamie Taylors importanceDinvite the readers to answer them推测写作意图。根据写作常识，作者先提出问题的目的一般都是为了把读者的注意力引向这一话题。解析：答案：B