1、定语从句复习定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as 等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。先行词是物先行词是人定语 地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词which thatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。2.whose+名词=the+名词+of which/of whom关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着
2、代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语The man(who is standing there)is my brother.关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句关系代词引导的定语从句两个简单句：A man is standing there.The man is my brother.=主从复合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词关系代词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的关系代词that,
3、which,who,whom,whosethat即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物1)A plane is a machine that can fly.主语2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.宾语3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.主语4)The girl that we saw yesterd
4、ay is Jims sister.宾语）2.Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1)They planted the trees which didnt need much water.(主语)2)The fish which we bought were not fresh.（宾语）3.who,whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)1)The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）2)The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主
5、语）4)Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.（宾语）3)The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.（宾语）在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.NOTE3)This is the book whose cover is blue.4.whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物1)Miss Flo
6、wer is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2)This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.关系代词which，whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常有“介词+which（或whom）”引出。Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.This is the old man from whom weve learnt a lot.I have a sister.+She works
7、 in Shanghai.=I have a sister _ works in Shanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海。He wants to see the man.+The man is in Shanghai.=The man _ he wants to see is in Shanghai.Have you found the pen?+You lost it yesterday.=Have you found the pen _ you lost yesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that(that/which)Do you know the
8、girl?+Her mother works here.=Do you know the girl _ mother works here?I live in a room.+its window faces south.=I live in a room _ window faces south.whosewhose=I live in a room the window of which faces south.of which the window(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代
9、词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.关系代词that 和which的区别1.宜用that引导的定语从句(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或who
10、m。例如：This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。That is the only way that leads to your success.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。2.宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。The house in which they
11、lived last yearhas been rebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。He bought a railway ticket for the woman,which helped her a lot.as,which 非限定性定语从句由as,which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth,which is very importan
12、t to us.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.heIt rained hard yesterday,_ prevented me from going to the park.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it(3)当先行词受such,the same，as,so 修饰时，常用asI have never heard such a story as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is th
13、e same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)a
14、s 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代
15、词/关系副词。1.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?A.whereB.that2.C.on whichD.the one3.2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.that4.C.on whichD.the one判断改错1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.3.
16、This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.4.Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.FFTT区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语从句2定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，
17、关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult t
18、o solve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.Step 4.关系副词先行词状
19、语地点where时间when原因why/for which关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句关系副词引导的定语从句两个简单句：I visited the city.I was born in the city.=主从复合句：I visited the city where I was born.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词=（in which）关系副词：在定语从句中作状语This is the house.+I was b
20、orn in the house.（介词短语）=I was born there（副词).=This is the house_ I was born.=_ which注意区别：This is the house _ I was born in.(which/that)whereinWe will never forget the day.+we will hold the Olympic Games on that day.=We will never forget the day _ we will hold the Olympic Games._ which注意区别：I will nev
21、er forget the day _ I spent with you last year.(which/that)I dont know the reason why he left here.=for whichwhenon注意：1.Thank you for the book that you gave it to me yesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。what 不能用于定语从句中2.Tell me anything what you know.Tell me what you know.thattell sb.sth,3.在介
22、词 whom/which 结构中，介词的选择I will never forget the day _ which I reached the Great Wall.Tell me the time _ which the train leaves.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.to that B.who C.from whom D.to whom根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断ona
23、tofbe proud of;turn to sb.for help4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级）of whom/which 结构中，表所属关系，”当中的”China has hundreds of islands,the largest of that is Taiwan.whichThere 54 students in our class,most of them are boys.whom5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：that 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句 why 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用for whiche.g.I have told them the reas
24、on,for which I didnt attend the meeting.在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略His wife,_ you met at my home,was a teacher.A.whom B.who C.that D.whose在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有两个:which,asAlice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.whi
25、ch D.he_ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What区别：a.which 只能放在句末，而as 从句则还可以放在句首或句中。b.从意义上讲，which 意为“这一点,而as 却可表示”正如那样“，有些as从句已成了固定句型,如：as we all know,as is known to all,as you say,as I can see,as is reported,as you may have heard Exercises1.Look at the lady _ name is Pochi.A.who B.whose C.whom D.that2.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which3.The girl _ could sing well went to Europe.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which
