1、英语高考第二节 书面表达（25分）近几年来，在新课标试卷中，书面表达趋向于提纲式作文，但是这些提纲只给出了大致的写作方向，没有限制具体内容，属于半开放式的提示；考查应用中的书信，话题与中学生的学习生活密切相关，考生会觉得有话可说，有利于考生的自由发挥。高考英语评分原则：1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。4.评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。高考英语评分原则：5.拼写与标点符号是语言准
2、确性的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际影响的程度予以考虑。英，美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6.如书写较差以至影响交际，将其分数降低一个档次。7.语言首先要求准确通顺。8.鼓励写出新颖词汇，顺畅连接和复杂结构。英语各档次的给分范围和要求第五档(很好);(21-25分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.覆盖所有内容要点。3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档(好)：(16-20分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉1、2
3、个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。6.达到了预期的写作目的。第三档(适当)：(11-15分)1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。6.整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档(较差)：(6-10分)1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内
4、容，写了一些无关内容。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。第一档(差)：(1-5分)1.未完成试题规定的任务。2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。6.信息未能传达给读者。总结：什么样的作文是一篇好作文 无遗漏信息点，即要点全面 篇章条理清晰：分段和过渡词 句式复杂多样 地道的高级词汇和恰当的词组接下来，我们具体
5、感知一下优秀作文的要素。二、感知典型范例词汇层面1 adj.聪明的、脑筋好的 clever wise smart bright intelligent二、感知典型范例词汇层面2adj.令人惊奇的 surprisingamazingastonishing 他昨天下午来的。1.He came here yesterday afternoon.2.He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.3.Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.4.It was yesterday afternoon that
6、he came here.二、感知典型范例句型层面1 令她吃惊的是，小女孩知道这么多事情。1.He is surprised that the little girl knows so many things.2.To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.3.What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.二、感知典型范例句型层面2二、感知典型范例段落层面1This village is very small.It has nearly 100 fam
7、ilies and about 500 people.It used to be very poor.It has changed a lot since 1978.People here are richer than before.Now it is taking on a new look.This village is very small，which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people.It used to be very poor.However,it has changed a lot since 1978.People he
8、re are leading a richer and happier life than before.Now it is taking on a new look.二、感知典型范例篇章层面1DISCUSSION:What is a good writing？How to catch the experts eyes?be attractive,beautiful,completed in a limited time!What is a good writing？DISCUSSION:What is a good writing？Content:Everything which is re
9、lated to your view needsto includ.(内容要完整)（内容要点一个也不能丢，如果人家给的是文字提示，可以用笔在试题处标出1,2,3,4，如果人家给的是图，那要先看懂图的意思，六个图都要看看再动笔，不要看了一个马上就写。）Structure:*Good beginning and ending(好的开头结尾)*Well organized and smoothly developed (结构合理,行文流畅)Language:*No Chinglish(避免中文式英文)*No Grammatical mistakes(没有语法错误)*With exactly used
10、 words and relatively changed sentence patterns (词语的准确运用和句式的富于变化)1)Traffic in Shanghai is too crowded.2)There has a highway connected with Beijing.3)Though shes almost 40，but she still plans to compete.4)I forgot my dictionary at home.5)It will cost us much money to buy one.heavy.leftistakeAvoid Chi
11、nglish!改错1.I cant understand them when I meet new words,so I have to refer to them in the dictionary.2.The ability to read English passages is slowly.3.There is no doubt that English Study needs lotsof time and efforts.4.Only by this way,can we keep up with otherstudents.5.Im LiHua,a new student of
12、you.meet withlook uplowlearninginLi Huayours6.My English level is common and I cant speak verywell.7.I believe we can get alone well with each other.8.Besides,I think speaking English is as important aswriting English.9.I study English for 12 years so I think I know English very well.10.There are so
13、me advice in teaching English.averageitalongspokenwrittenhave studiedisAdopt a variety of sentence patterns使用较丰富的句式1.They even threw rubbish into the lake.They totally ignored the noticeable sign No littering nearby.(使用V-ing形式)They even threw rubbish into the lake,_ the noticeable sign No littering
14、nearby.totally ignoringAdopt a variety of sentence patterns使用较丰富的句式Not long ago I won the first prize in the English contest_in our school.(12 山东)held2.Not long ago I won the first prize in the English contest.It was held in our school.(使用过去分词)3.To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.(
15、使用名词性从句)4.People suggest that the conference be put off.(改被动语态)_ the little girl knows so many things.What surprises him is that_the conference be put off.It is suggested that5.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型)6.I passed the physics exam because o
16、f your help.(用虚拟语气）_he had read the news in the newspaper _ he knew what had happened._the physics exam _your help.It was not until I couldnt have passedthatbut for/without7.I wont believe what he says.(使用状语从句)8.The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.(用定语从句)_he says,I wont bel
17、ieve.The girl_is spoken highly of.No matter what/Whateverwhose composition was well written9.If you study hard,you will make rapid progress.（用并列句）10.He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.(使用倒装句)_he come back from Beijing _he was sent abroad._make rapid progress.Study hard,a
18、nd youllNo sooner hadHardly/scarcely.when.than四、明确写作步骤抄改连扩抓审书面表达四、明确写作步骤1.Cross-question(审题)Main idea Style Verb tense Person2.Seize the major points/key words(抓要点)figure out the outline(提纲)4.Ensure the fluency(添加过渡，确保连贯）Conjunctions/conjunctive adverbspassage5.Error correcting (查错改错)3.Sentences con
19、nection (连句成文)Words/phrases SentencespassagePlease learn to Your compositionwhen you finish it from now.书面表达评价表项目自评他评 1.书写工整吗？有没有乱涂乱划?2.句子开头注意大小写了吗?3.有没有注意标点符号?4将文章分段了吗?分成了几段?5有单词拼写错误吗?几个?6.有时态错误吗?误用了哪种时态?7.注意主谓一致了吗?8.有没有语态的错误?9.有没有使用关联词?使用得当吗?10.有没有词性的错误?哪一种?11.简单句表达正确吗?12.是否注意使用了复杂的句子结构?13.表达方式是否多
20、样化?注意长短句搭配了吗?14.有没有用好词好句?用了哪些?五、培养几种技能A)Simple sentence(简单句):Hearing the news,he was happy.B)Compound sentence A（并列句）:He gave me a book but I forgot to bring it back home.C)Compound sentence B（复合句）:What he is doing has nothing to do with me.“规范的英语句子”就是我们经常讲的三种句子：1.学会使用规范的英语句子Here are 3 ways to make
21、sentences:I.巧妙运用短语，写出规范的简单句：1)借助名词短语做同位语如：李立，男，19岁，1991年生；籍贯：广东。Li Li,a boy of 19,was born in Guangdong in 1991.2)借助介词短语做定语如：李飞,男，10岁，棕色短发，穿白色茄克。Li Fei is a ten-year-old boy with short brown hair and in a white jacket.如：有了Tom的帮助，我们很快就找到了他们的村子。With the help of Tom,we soon found their village.4)借助非谓语动
22、词短语做定语或状语如：他们站在大树下，等待着总统的到来。They were standing under the big tree,waiting for the president.Standing under the big tree,they were waiting for the President.3)借助介词短语做状语II.巧用连接词，写出规范的并列句：如：他给我很多钱，我不要。I was just walking down the street corner when I saw you.如：我刚走到拐角处，就见到你了。He gave me a lot of money but
23、 I refused.III.用好从句和引导词写出规范的复合句：1)名词性从句如：老师生气。原因：王力迟到。That Wang Li came late to school made the teacher very angry.2)定语从句如：中国,地处亚洲东部；特点：地大物博、人口众多。China,which lies in the east of Asia,is a great country with a large area and population as well as rich natural resources.I was deeply moved by this,beca
24、use I know Lei Feng is still living in our hearts.3)状语从句如：雷锋还活在我们心中，我深受感动。2、灵活运用九种句式有意识的将下列句式结构运用到作文中去，可以迅速地让我们的作文靓起来。重要的是我们要学会如何灵活的变通、巧妙地运用到考试作文中去。1.People grow rice in the south of China.Rice is grown in the south of China.2.They have printed one and a half million copies of the dictionary since 1
25、986.One and a half million copies of the dictionary have been printed since 1986.一、主动句与被动句的互换。二、将陈述句改为倒装句。1.I could hardly understand the importance of English at that time.Hardly could I understand the importance of English at that time.2.We did not realize our mistakes until at that time.Not until
26、 at that time did we realize our mistakes.三、将简单句改为强调句1.Smoking did great harm to his health.It was smoking that did great harm to his health.2.Our money is earned through hard work by our parents.It is through hard work that our money is earned by our parents.3.He went there yesterday.He did go ther
27、e yesterday.四、将两个简单句合并为并列句1.You can do it.I can do it.One of us must do it.you I must do it.2.I want to buy this bike.I dont have enough money.I want to buy this bike,I dont have enough money.Eitherorbut五、将两个简单句合并为复合句1.同位语和同位语从句1)Liu Xiang is an excellent athlete.He won the first prize in Mens 110 H
28、urdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games._,_,won the first prize in Mens 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games.2)The word is true.The president will give our school a speech._ is true _ the president will give our school a speech.Liu Xiangan excellent athleteItthat2.定语从句1)The 2008 Olympic Games will
29、 be held in Beijing,and its slogan is One World,One Dream,The 2008 Olympic Games,_2)In my opinion,the Great Wall and the Summer Palace are well worth visiting.In my opinion,the Great Wall and the Summer Palace _3)Yesterday,we went to the East Gate,and we bought a lot of clothes.Yesterday,we went to
30、the East Gate,_ _One Dream,will be held in Beijing.are the two places which are well worth visiting.where we bought aWhose slogan is One World,lot of clothes.3.主语从句1)His wonderful performance on the stage impressed me.most was his wonderful performance on the stage.2)It satisfied me.The dining hall
31、provides us with a large variety of kinds of dishes.the dining hall provides us with a large variety of kinds of dishes.3)I learned from the story that as long as we have patience,confidence and perseverance,we can realize our dreams.as long as we have patience,confidence and perseverance,we can rea
32、lize our dreams.What impressed meWhat satisfied me is thatWhat I have learnt from the story is that 推荐句型 What surprises astonished satisfied impressed me is that What I would like to suggest advise put forward is that What matters most is that What I learnconclude from the story is that4.表语从句推荐句型：is
33、 no longer what it used to be.1)我的家乡不再像以前那样了。My hometown is no longer what it used to be.2)他不再是以前那样了。He is no longer what he used to be.5.状语从句结果、程度 sothat;such that让步no matter how what when where.=whatever,however,whenever,wherever时间 was doingwhen,as soon as,the moment,the next time,every time1)不管前面
34、有多少困难，我们都要学会独立的克服他们。_ _,we should learn to overcome them independently.2)我正沿着马路走，突然我听到有人叫我。I _ along the road _ suddenly I heard my name called.No matter how many difficulties therewas walkingwhenare ahead of us,六、将两个简单句合并为一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句1.Recently many students spend their money on unnecessary
35、things.Different people have different opinions about it.Recently many students spend their money on unnecessary things,about different people have different opinions.2.Many boys learn to smoke.It does harm to their health.Many boys learn to smoke,_ _whichwhich does harm totheir health.七、it 作形式主语或形式
36、宾语句型1.You pretend to know what you dont know.Its no good.Its no good pretending to know what you dont know.2.It is easy to get on with Pam.I find.I find it easy to get on with Pam.八、分词结构代替状语从句1.If you work harder,you will do better in the exam next time._,you will do better in the exam next time.2.B
37、ecause my friend was frightened of losing his job,he said nothing to the police._,my friend said nothing to the police.Working hardFrightened of losing his job九、将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成with 引导的短语或者复合结构。With+宾语+adj./adv./介词短语/to dodoingdone 常用句型with a population of.with a total area of with a long history
38、 of years1)这个地区占地2000平方千米，人口10万。This area covers an area of 2000 square kilometers,_2)我们学校周围种了很多花，吸引了大量的学生来参观。_,it attracts a large number of people.3)我们学校是一所有100多年历史的名校。Our school is a famous one _ _with a population of 100,000.With many flowers surrounding our schoolwith a history of over 100 year
39、s.4）没有做完作业，这个小孩不敢去上学。_,the boy dared not go to school.5)这两个男人早早就睡了，蜡烛烧了一晚上。The two men went to bed early,_ _.6)他睡觉的时候嘴巴张得大大的。He sleep _.with candles burning a night longWith homework not finishedwith his mouth wide open七、实战演练巩固实战演练巩固1请根据以下的情景说明,使用5个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。标题为“My English Learning”注：所给情景有时
40、是中文要点，有时是表格。我学英语已经六年了，在英语学习上有了一定的进步，但总是觉得英语难学，尤其是英语中的一些习惯用法。自己今后一定要努力学习这门有用的外语，争取早日掌握这门语言。我学英语已经六年了I have been learning English for over 6 years.在英语学习上有了一定的进步I have made some progress in my English.但总是觉得英语难学，尤其是英语中的一些习惯用法。But I always feel English is hard to learn,especially some English idioms are
41、difficult.自己今后一定要努力学习这门有用的外语I will work hard at this useful foreign language.争取早日掌握这门语言。I will try hard to grasp this foreign language.My English Learning I have been learning English for over 6 years.It is six years since I began to learn English.I have made some progress in my English.With the hel
42、p of my teachers and classmates,I have made progressin my English.Now Im doing well both in writing and reading in English.But I always feel English is hard to learn,especially some English idioms are difficult.But I still find it hard to learn English,such as some difficult idioms.I will try hard t
43、o master this foreign language.Difficult as it is,I have made up my mind to master this useful language by my hard work.My English Learning It is six years since I began to learn English.With the help of my teachers and classmates,I have made progress in my English.Now Im doing well both in writing
44、and reading in English.But I still find it hard to learn English,such as some difficult idioms.Difficult as it is,I have made up my mind to master this useful language by my hard work.实战操练：最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。60%的同学认为1、不应收门票2、公园是公众休闲的地方3、如收票，需建大门、围墙，会
45、影响城市形象40%的同学认为1、应收门票，但票价不宜高2、支付园林工人工资3、购新花木注意：1、信的开头已为你写好2、参考词汇：门票：entrance fee实战演练巩固2160的同学认为公园不应该收费。Sixty percent of the students think that the park should not charge entrance feesSixty percent of the students hold the view that entrance fees should not be charged被动句Sixty percent of the students
46、have the idea that people should be allowed to enter parks without charge.In the opinion of 60of the students,people can enter parks for free2公园是公众休闲的地方。A park is a place for the public to rest and enjoy themselves A park is a place where people rest and relax 定语从句3如收门票，需建大门围墙，会影响城市形象。If entrance fe
47、es are charged,it will be necessary to build gates and walls,which will affect the appearance of the city（which指代上文）With entrance fees charged,it will be necessary to build gates and walls,which will do harm to the appearance of the city440%的同学认为应收门票，但票价不宜高。40 of the students think that entrance fee
48、s are necessary,but the prices should not be highThere are 40of the students who think that entrance fees should be charged,but fees should be low（定语从句）In the opinion of 40 of the students,entrance fees should be charged low5门票收入支付园林工人工资购买新花木。The income from entrance fees is used to pay the gardener
49、s and buy new plants and flowersThe money from entrance fees is made use of to pay garden workers and buy new plantsWith money from entrance fees,the gardeners are paid and new plants as well as young trees are bought（With的短语）（被动句）Dear Editor,Opinions are divided on the question.60%of the students a
50、re against the idea of entrance fees.They believed a public park should be free of charge.People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.Without doubt,Charging entrance fees will keep some people away.What is more,it will become necessary to build gates and walls,which will do harm to the appearance of a city.On the other hand,40%think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers and to buy plants and young trees.They suggest,however,fees should be charged low.
