1、1participant n.C参与者，参加者The participants in this survey were randomly selected.此次调查的参与者是随机抽选的。She has been an active participant in the discussion.他一直积极参与这次讨论。知识拓展participate vi.(in)参与，参加He didnt participate in the game.他没有参加比赛。He wants to participate in the local politics actively.他想积极参与当地政治。联想take
2、part in 参与，参加She took part in the concert as a singer.她作为歌手参加过音乐会。Did you take part in the speech contest?你参加演讲比赛了吗？词语辨析：take part in,attend,joinI often attend a meeting and sometimes I take part in its discussion.我经常出席会议，有时参加大会的讨论。All the League members took part in the meeting,at which ten student
3、s joined the League.全体团员参加了会议，在会上10个学生入了团。2recogniserecognize vt.1)认出；识别Sorry,I didnt recognise you.Youve changed too much.对不起，我没认出你来。2)承认；公认They refused to recognise our government.他们拒绝承认我们的政府。He is recognized as a great painter.他是一位公认的大画家。词语辨析：recognise,knowrecognise“认出”以前认识的人或物，为非延续性动词。know“认识”原来
4、就知道的或了解的人或物，为延续性动词。Dogs recognize people by their smell.They have known each other for 20 years.知识拓展recognition n.认识recognize.as 认为是Zhang Hua is recognized as the best runner in our school.张华被认为是我们学校最好的赛跑运动员。高考直击(2010辽 宁 35)Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.A.to recognize B.re
5、cognizing C.recognize D.recognized 解析：句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。答案：D即学即用Hello!May I speak to Jack,please?Yes,speaking.Oh,I_your voice at first.Adidnt recognizeBdont recognizeChadnt recognized Dhavent recognized答案：A3distraction n.U，C分心，分散注意力The childs co
6、ntinual crying drove me to distraction.那孩子不断的哭声使我注意力分散。There are too many distractions in the hotel for me to work properly.旅馆里使人分心的事物太多，使我难于精中精力工作。知识拓展distract vt.使分心，使转移(注意力)Children are so easily distracted.儿童的注意力很容易分散。Dont distract my attentionIm trying to study!别分散我的注意力我正要学习呢！attract vt.吸引Like
7、attracts like.(谚)物以类聚。She was attracted by the novel advertisement.她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。attraction n.U吸引力；C吸引人的事物This film has little attraction for me.这部电影对我没有多大吸引力。1give up 放弃；投降；认输；停止战斗；把献给。该词组是及物动词词组，通常要求接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。She gave up her job and started writing poetry.她放弃了工作，开始从事诗歌的写作。Why dont you give
8、up smoking?你为什么不戒烟？注意：give in有“让步；妥协；投降；认输；屈服”等含义，它是不及物动词词组，后面不能直接接宾语，如后面接宾语的话，通常用“give in to sb./sth.”结构。Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.最后，我作了让步，按他们的条件接受了这份工作。The government refused to give in to their demands.政府拒绝屈服于他们的要求。知识拓展give off/out 散发；发出；用完give in 递交；呈送；停止反对；投降give
9、 back 归还；释放give away 送掉；分发；放弃；泄露；出卖；破裂give way(to)让步；妥协高考直击(1)(2008江 西)If a person has not had enough sleep,his actions will give him_during the day.A.awayB.upC.inD.back解析：考查give的短语用法。give away“赠送；出卖；露 出 马 脚”；give up“放 弃”；give in“屈 服”；give back“归还；送还”；由句意可知A项正确。答案：A(2)(2008江苏)Im still working on my
10、project.Oh,youll miss the deadline.Time is_.Arunning out Bgoing outCgiving out Dlosing out解析：考查短语动词。对话内容为“我仍在做专题研究”。“你会超期的。时间差不多(到期)了。”run out“用完；到期”；go out“出去”；give out“发出；放出；耗尽”；lose out(on sth)“得不到”。答案：A即学即用(2007福 建)The news of the mayors coming to school for a visit was_on the radio yesterday.At
11、urned out Bfound outCgiven out Dcarried out答案：C2instead of作“代替”解，其含义是“代替某人或某物；而不是另一人或另一物”，常有否定其后成分的意思。He wants to see you instead of me.他是想见你，而不是我。知识拓展1)instead of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或另一个介词短语。He went to the station on foot instead of by bus.他步行去车站而没有坐车。2)instead是副词，意为“替代；更换”；多位于句中或句末。If you cannot go,l
12、et him go instead.如果你不能去，让他替你去。I didnt have a pen,so I used a pencil instead.我没有钢笔，因此我就用铅笔了。高考直击(2008湖南)Last night Mr.Crook didnt come back at the usual time._，he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.AMeanwhile BHoweverCInstead DYet解析：考查副词。句意为：昨天餐上克鲁克先生没有像往常一样回家而是和朋友们在外面一直呆到深夜。instead adv.
13、“却；而是”。答案：C即学即用(2009山东实验中学质检)He felt so sick that he went to work by taxi_on foot yesterday.Ainstead of BinsteadCbut Din the place of答案：A1For example,if youre alone,find someone to talk to.比如，你若是独自一人，那就找个人聊聊天。不定式to talk to作定语修饰不定代词someone。不定式作定语时，要注意以下三种情况：1)不定式与其所修饰的名词之间可能是主谓关系。He was the last one
14、to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。2)不定式与其所修饰的名词之间可能是动宾关系。He was so hungry that he was trying to find something to eat.他太饿了，试图找点儿东西吃。She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上她有很多工作要做。3)不及物动词构成的不定式作定语时，要加上适当的介词以便和被修饰词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。I n
15、eed a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可发愁的。高考直击(2007全国)The last one_pays the meal.Agreed!Aarrived BarrivesCto arrive Darriving解析：最后一个到达的要买单。to arrive 为不定式表将来，作定语。答案：C即学即用Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 6yearold boy,saying that he was not the one_.Ablamed BblamingCt
16、o blame Dto be blamed答案：C2Whatever youre doing when you want to smokedo something else.无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事吧！whatever引导让步状语从句，在这个从句中还有when引导的时间状语从句。1)作连接代词，引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，其含义相当于no matter what，意为“无论；不管”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。Keep calm,whatever happens.无论发生什么，保持镇静。2)作连接代词，引导名词性从句(宾语从句或主语从句)，可看作是what的强调
17、说法，其含义相当于anything that或all that,whatever在句中起双重作用，即起先行词与关系代词的作用，在从句中作主语、宾语等。Whatever he did was right.他做的一切都是对的。(主语从句)You can choose whatever you like in the shop.你可以在商店中选择任何你喜欢的东西。(宾语从句)3)作形容词，意为“无论怎么样的；无论哪一种的”；作定语，意思是“任何的”；可视为what的强调说法。Whatever dictionary you have,lend it to me.不管你有什么字典，都要借我用一下。知识拓
18、展no matter引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 时，常 与 what,who,when,where,how,whose,whether等 连 用，构 成“no matter what.”结构，置于主句之前或之后，意为“无论/不管”。No matter who knocks,dont open the door.(Whoever knocks,dont open the door.)不论谁敲门，你都不要开。No matter what happened,he would not say a word.(Whatever happened,he would not say a word.)不论
19、发生什么事，他都将保持沉默。No matter how hard she worked,she couldnt satisfy her teacher.不管她学习多么刻苦，她总是不能使老师满意。No matter where you go,you must work hard.不管你上哪儿，都要努力工作。高考直击(1)(2009湖南)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life.Awhichever BhoweverCwhatever Dwhoever解析：本题考查whatever的
20、特殊用法。Whatever在句中既做takes的宾语，又引导名词性从句做do的宾语。答案：C(2)(2010浙江1)How about camping this weekend,just for a change?OK，_ you want.Awhichever B.howeverCwhateverD.whoever解析：本题考查引导词。句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。答案：C即学即用(2008全 国)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit_the season.Awhatever BwhereverCwhenever Dhowever答案：A
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