1、1measure vt.测定；测量；评估 n.U，C测量，尺寸；措施They measured the length of the garden.他们测量了花园的长度。She measured her daughter for a new dress.她为她女儿量制新衣。I took measure of the desk.我量了那张书桌的尺寸。In America distance is measured by miles.在美国，距离是以英里计算的。搭配beyond measure 无法估量His passing is a loss beyond measure to us.他的离开对我们
2、的损失是不可估量的。take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事We should take some measures to solve these difficulties.我们应该采取一些措施来解决这些难题。知识拓展measurement n.U，C测量；尺寸词语辨析take measures,take measurementstake measures指“采取措施”。take measurements指“测量的尺寸”。Youd better take some measures to take measurements of the new buildings.你最好
3、采取措施测量出新建楼房的尺寸。高考直击(2010浙 江 16)The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct.A.solution B.target C.measure D.function解析：本题考查名词辨析。分析四个选项：solution“解决方法”；target“目标”；measure“措施”；function“功能”。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题，但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。答案：A即学即用Mother _ me to see exactly
4、 what size of dress should have.Alooked BsawCmeasured Dtreasured答案：C2position1)n.位置；职位，职务。如：Can you show me the position of the island on this map?你能在这张地图上给我指出这个岛的位置吗？He held a senior position in a large company.他在一家大公司担任高级职务。2)n.立场，态度。常与介词on连用。如：Whats your position on this problem?你对这个问题持什么态度？3)n.处
5、境，状况。如：The position is very dangerous.情况很危险。知识拓展in position 在适当的位置take the position that.主张，采取态度out of position 不在适当的位置高考直击(2010天 津 3)James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.A.room B.areaC.field D.position解析：考查名词意义和用法。句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了，目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配
6、，意思是“为让空”的意思，其中的room是不可数名词。答案：A即学即用Neither of the young men who had applied for a _ in the university was accepted.Arole BpositionCsituation Dcondition答案：B3human1)n.(与动物等对比的)人Were humans,not wild animals.我们是人，不是野兽。2)adj.人(类/情/性)；凡人皆有的a human being 人the human race 人类human history 人类历史human nature 人性T
7、o err is human,to forgive divine.犯错乃人之常情，宽恕则为超凡。(谚)知识拓展humanism/t n.人文/道主义/者humanly adv.人道地；在人力所能及的范围内humanity n(U)人性/类；博爱；仁慈humankindmankindman(用作单或复)人类(总称)词语辨析1)human,person和people(1)human作名词是human being，在将人与动物、神仙进行比较时，用此词。(2)person可以指man,woman或child，强调的是个体，可以说a person,two persons。(3)people指“人们”，t
8、he people指“人民”；而a people,peoples指的是“民族；种族”。2)human(being),the human race(1)human(being)作“人；人类”讲，是可数名词，它不仅可与动物对比，而且还可与鬼神、精灵、上帝等对比。I never draw human beings,only things of nature.我从不画人，只画自然景物。The fairies are often dressed like human beings in some plays.在一些戏剧中，精灵经常打扮得像人一样。(2)the human race指“全人类”；和定冠词连
9、用，是抽象意义。Pollution is a danger to the human race.污染对全人类是个威胁。高考直击While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope,Newton madediscovery which completely changedmans understanding of colour.Aa,B.a,theC,the Dthe,a解析：此处“发现”非特指，为普通名词，故用a；man,mankind,humankind及men等作“人类”讲时，前不加冠词。答案：A即学即用翻译句子狗的听觉比人灵敏的
10、多。_答案：Dogs can hear much better than humans.4index1)n.“指 标”；“指 数”；复 数 形 式 为 indexes或indices。a price index 物价指数the cost of living index 生活费指数the DowJones index 道琼斯指数economic indices 经济指数2)n.“标志”；“重复”；“迹象”an index of economic growth 经济增长的标志3)n.“索引”To trace articles in newspapers you can use the indexe
11、s available in the reading rooms.要寻找报纸上的文章，可以使用阅览室里的索引。4)vt.“与生活指数相联系”；“把编入索引”The report asks for the indexing of wages to inflation.那份报告要求将工资与物价飞涨相挂钩。Writers and poets are indexed separately.作家和诗人被分开编入索引。即学即用When the cost of living_goes up,the pension will rise,too.Aindex BindexesCindices Dcontents
12、答案：AThe increasing sale of luxury goods is_thecountrys prosperity.Aan index of Ba index ofCan index for Da index for答案：A5goalOne of my goals in life is to write a book.我的人生目标之一是写一本书。He kicked the ball towards the other teams goal.他把球踢向另一队的球门。Liverpool won by three goals to two.利物浦队以3：2获胜。搭配achieve o
13、nes goal 实现目标To achieve his goal,he worked out a detailed plan.为了实现他的目标，他制定了详细的计划。get/kick a goal 踢进一个球I am a member of our school football team,but our team has never got a goal.我是校足球队的一员，不过我们队从来没有进过一个球。keep goal 守球门He has kept goal for our team.他一直是我们队的守门员。即学即用He is not only hardworking but also a
14、ble,so he is sure_in life.Aof reaching his goalBto obtain his goalCabout achieving his goalDto win his goal答案：B6expectancy n.U 预料；预计；期盼；盼望We waited for the announcement in a state of happy expectancy.我们愉快地期待着这个消息的宣布。I saw the look of expectancy in the childrens eyes.我从孩子们眼中看到了期待的神情。知识拓展life expectan
15、cy 预期寿命；平均寿命expectant adj.预期的；期待的；(有继承权而)期待占有的expectantly adv.预期地；期待地expectation n.期待；预料；指望；展望高考直击(2010湖北27)Duty is an act or a course of action that people _ you to take by social customs,law or religion.A.persuade B.request C.instruct D.expect解析：考查动词词义辨析。Persuade sb.to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”；request s
16、b.to do sth.意为“请求某人做某事”；instruct sb.to do sth.意为“指导/命令某人做某事”；expect sb.to do sth.“期待/希望某人做某事”。根据句意：责任是人们通过社会惯例、法律或宗教信仰期望你来承担的一种行动或行动的过程。可知选择D项。答案：D即学即用完成句子There was _ _ _ _ among the waiting crowd.等待的人群有一种期盼的心情。答案：an air of expectancy.7figure n.数目；身段；体态；vt.认为，以为He has a fivefigure income.他的收入是5位数。Sh
17、e does exercise every morning to keep her figure.她每天早上做运动以保持体形。He is an important political figure.他是一位重要的政治人物。The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers.墙上满是花鸟的图形。The figure of the figures on show is 108.所展出的雕像数目是108个。词语辨析figure,numberfigure指“数字”，着重数字符号(any of the number signs from 0 to
18、 9)，与文字相对。number泛指“数”。Write the number in words and in figures.将这个数目分别用文字和数字表示。I figure(that)youll want to see me about it.我想你会为此事找我的。知识拓展double/a five figure number 两位数/5位数keep ones figure 保持体型figure that.认为，以为figure out 想出；理解即学即用They have _ most carefully the time and materials needed to complete
19、the project.Apicked out Btaken outCleft out Dfigured out答案：D8educate v.教育；训练He was born in America but was educated in China.他出生在美国，但是在中国受的教育。He has been educated at college.他接受过大学教育。词语辨析teach与educateteach与educate同指学校教育，teach只强调教给学生知识，educate强调教育之目的，以及培养之结果，也涉及人生观以及学识方面。Some schools teach but fail t
20、o educate their students.有些学校教书而不育人。知识拓展education n.教育educator n.教育家即学即用翻译句子这一运动旨在教育公众保护环境。_答案：The campaign is intended to educate the public to protect the environment.1at the top of1)“在的顶端”；“名列前茅”。Write your name at the top of the page.把你的名字写在这一页的顶端。I stood at the top of the stairs.我站在楼梯的顶部。John i
21、s at the top of his class this term.这学期约翰的成绩在班里名列前茅。The United States will be at the top of the medal table.美国队在奖牌榜上位居第一。2)后面跟不同的名词表示不同的意思，如at the top of ones voice/lungs“高声地；扯着喉咙地”，at the top of ones speed“以最大的速度”，at the top of the tree“高居首位”。She shouted suddenly at the top of her voice.她突然高声地喊了起来。
22、They sang the song over and over at the top of their voices.这首歌他们高声地唱了一遍又一遍。Tom drove his car along the expressway at the top of the speed.汤姆以最快的速度驾驶他的汽车沿高速公路飞驰。词语辨析1)请注意at the top of与on top of的区别，在表示“在的上方(上面)”之意时，两者相同，但后者还有“除此之外”；“而且”之意。He lost his job and on top of that his wife left him.他失业了，而且雪上
23、加霜的是他妻子也离开了他。He gave me a meal and on top of that,money for my journey.他请我吃了一顿饭，而且还给了我旅行用的钱。2)on top of还有“突然临近”；“紧挨着”之意，而at the top of无此意。All at once it was right on top of me.突然之间，它一下撞到了我的正前面。One of us would have to go out or wed be on top of each other.我们中必须有一人出去，否则我们就会人挤人，谁也动不了。知识拓展at the bottom
24、of 在底部He signed his name at the bottom of the letter.他在信尾署上了名。At the bottom of the sea there are many plants and animals.在海底有许多海洋植物和动物。联想from the bottom of ones heart 从心底里From the bottom of my heart,I like the boy.我打心底里喜欢这个男孩子。at bottom 根本上，基本上，实际上At bottom,the question is confidence：confidence in t
25、he economy.基本上，问题在于信心：对经济的信心。Bottoms up!干杯！Bottoms up,everyone!The drinks are on me!大家把酒干了，我请客！即学即用单句改错The student meeting was so noisy that the speaker had to shout on the top of his voice._He failed in the midterm exam and at the top of that he got ill._The drunken man got into the car and drove o
26、n top of the speed._答案：onatat theononat the2be to do sth.1)表示安排、意向或目的。The US.President is to visit China.美国总统将访问中国。2)(表义务)应该做；必须做You are to be back by six oclock.你要在6点之前回来。3)(表可能)会做How am I to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他的遭遇如何？4)(用于If.were to do.句型)如果的话If you were to succeed,be sure to make fu
27、ll use of your time.你如果想成功，就得充分利用时间。知识拓展表将来的特殊形式：1)be going to do sth.表示打算去做或可能发生某事。Mr Greens going to buy a new car.格林先生打算买辆新汽车。Dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain.乌云密集，要下雨了。2)be to do sth.表示计划好做某事The children are to learn English next week.孩子们下周要学习英语。3)be about to do sth.表示“即将、正要做某事”，其后不
28、接具体的时间状语。I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我正要离开，这时电话响了。4)be,come,go,arrive,leave,start,take等动词的一般现在时，可表示按时刻表或日程表安排要发生某事。The meeting is at 2：00 pm.下午200开会。His ship leaves at 9：00 am.他乘坐的轮船上午9：00起锚。5)现在进行时可用来表示按计划即将发生的动作，多与表示移动的动词come,go,arrive,leave,start等连用。He is leaving for London.他就要启程
29、去伦敦。They arent coming.他们不来了。高考直击(1)Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your seat belts.The plane_.Atakes off Bis taking offChas taken off Dtook off解析：“飞机马上起飞”，B项用现在进行时表将来。答案：B(2)(2010全 国 II7)Tom was about to close the window_his attention was caught by a bird.Awhen Bif Cand Dtill解析：考查固定句型。Be about to
30、 do.when.表示“就要做某事时，突然”。答案：A即学即用Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh,no,I forgot.I _her now.Awill be calling Bwill callCcall Dam to call答案：B3up to1)“直到”；“至多”。It could be up to two years before the process is complete.可能需要两年时间，该过程才能完成。She was here up to a few minutes ago.几分钟前她还在这里。2)“胜任”；“适于”；可接名词、代
31、词、动名词。This old car isnt up to a long journey.这辆旧汽车不适合长途旅行。My German isnt up to translating that letter.我的德文不够好，翻译不了那封信。I dont feel up to going to work today.我今天身体不适，不能去工作。3)“打算做某种调皮或不好的事”，是非正式用语。Hes up to no good.他干不出什么好事。When I realized what he was up to,I got very angry.当我明白他想干什么时我非常愤怒。4)有时并不表示做不好
32、的事，而只是表示“忙于”。Go and see what those girls are up to.去看看这些女孩子在干什么。What have you been up to all day while Ive been busy?我整天忙着的时候你在干什么？5)“可以与相比较”；“不及”。This new book of Greens isnt up to his last.格林的这本新书没有他上次的那本好。He is not up to his father as a scholar.他的学问不及他父亲。6)“由决定的”；“该由负责的”。Its up to you to break th
33、e news to him.该由你把这消息告诉他。Its up to you whether you decide to take the job.要不要这份工作由你自己决定。知识拓展not up to much 不太好up and running 运动良好up and down 来回；上下up to ones ears/eyes/neck(very deeply)in debt 债台高筑up to date 现代的；最新的；直到目前up to no good 做坏(违法)事Its up to sb.to do sth.由某人决定做某事高考直击(2010全国II10)Have you fini
34、shed the book?No，Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.Awhich Bwhat Chat Dwhere解析：考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。答案：D即学即用The book discusses the most recent events of space travel;it certainly is _.Aup to date Bout of dateCuptodate Doutofdate答案：A4m
35、ake efforts 做出努力Please make an effort to get there on time.请尽量按时到达那里。The prisoners made no efforts to escape.囚犯们没有试图越狱。He made an effort to climb the wall.他尽力爬上了墙。知识拓展make every/an effort to do sth.努力做某事spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事put a lot of effort into 投入很多精力through ones effort 通过某人的努力in an
36、 effort to do sth.致力于做成某事They put a lot of effort into the preparations for the party.他们花了很大力气来准备这次聚会。Its only through your effort that we have managed to raise the money.正是通过你的努力，我们才筹到了这笔钱。They have been working night and day in an effort to get the bridge ready on time.为了使桥能准时完工，他们一直夜以继日地工作。即学即用Th
37、ese young people are now making an active_to beautify(美化)our city.Apart BeffortCdecision Dplan答案：B1 The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们需要做出更大的努力。本句为主从复合句，show后接了两个that宾语从句。第二个that一般不省略。在非正式文体中，如果that引导的宾语从句较短，其连词that一般可省略。但在下列情况
38、下一般不可省略。1)当that从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或者与从句之间有插入语时，that不可省略。He announced,believe it or not,that he would never forgive her.他宣布，信不信由你，他绝不会原谅她。He judged that,because she was a woman,she did not understand wine.他认定她不懂得酒，因为她是女人。2)当that从句与另一个名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不可省略。Everyone could see what was happening and that she
39、 was really worried.大家都看得出发生了什么事，也知道她真的十分焦急。3)句中若有两个并列的that从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that。I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已经尽力了，我相信一切都会好起来的。高考直击(1)(2007湖 南)Having checked the doors were closed,and_all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.Aw
40、hy BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：考查宾语从句连接词的使用情况。当出现多个宾语从句时，除了第一个宾语从句的连接词that可省略外，其他都不可省略；本题中why,when,where都与题意不符。答案：B(2)(2010山东26)Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which解析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾
41、语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。答案：B即学即用Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smoth.ABwhetherCnow Dwhat答案：B2.From this agreement came the Human Development Report.人类发展报告就来自这个协议。此句是一个全部倒装句。全部倒装，就是把句子的谓语全部放在主语之前。当地点状语提前，谓语动词是be,sit,li
42、e,come等不及物动词时，句子用全部倒装。如：From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice.从墙上的一个扩音器里传来医生的声音。On the ground lay a sick goat.地上躺着一只生病的山羊。Along the wall stand four big bookcases.沿着墙放了四只大书箱。知识拓展1)在谓语是be，表语提前的句子中，常用全部倒装。如：So busy is the dentist that he has no time.这个牙医如此的忙，以至于他没有时间。Such was the fact.这就是那
43、个事实。Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.靠近村子南头有一座很大的梨园。On either side were rows of fruit trees.两边是一排排的果树。2)在副词in,out,down,up,over,away,off,back等作状语置于句首，谓语动词是come，go,rush,run等不及物动词的句子里，主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。如：Up and up goes the price.价格涨得越来越高。Away ran the prisoner.这犯人逃跑了。高考直击(1)(20
44、10四川9)We laugh at jokes，but seldom _ about how they work.Awe think Bthink we Cwe do think Ddo we think解析：考查倒装。seldom为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”答案：D(2)(2010江苏33)Is everyone here?Not yet.Look,there _ the rest of our guests!A.come B.comesC.is coming D.are coming解析：考查倒装句。谓语动词根据后面的主语确定。答案：A即学即用Off _ without so much as a“goodbye”Awent Jenny Bdid Jenny goCgoes Jenny Ddoes Jeeny go答案：A
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