1、Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the starsWarming upHow much do you know about the universe?Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences.It is the scientific study of celestial objects(such as stars,planets,comets,nebula,star clusters and galaxies)and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere(
2、such as the cosmic background radiation).It is concerned with the evolution,physics,chemistry,meteorology,and motion of celestial objects,as well as the formation and development of the universe.Astronomy is a multidisciplinary subject and usesknowledge from both math and physics.Think about these q
3、uestions and then discuss them with your partner.1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.What are they?Can you match the names with the planets?solar system太阳系Mercury(水星)Venus(金星)Mars(火星)Jupiter(木星)Uranus(天王星)Neptune(海王星)Earth(地球)Saturn(土星)SunVenusMercuryMarsJupiterSaturnEarthPluto
4、NeptuneUranus2.What interests you in astronomy?Do you know any questions that astronomers are interested in?Aristotle亚里斯多德Metaphysics(宇宙哲学)张衡(78 AD-139 AD),earliest astronomer in China Later Han Dynasty Seismography 地震仪Invented seismography and the Armillary Sphere(浑天仪)so as to observe the universe
5、and predict earthquakeGalileo 伽利略Galileo made a series of profound discoveries using his new telescope,including the moons of the planet Jupiter and the phases of the planet Venus(similar to those of Earths moon).Copernicus哥白尼sun-centered or heliocentric(以太阳为中心)theoryIsaac Newton,牛顿 16421727Universa
6、l gravitation 万有引力gravity 地心引力,重力Einstein,Albert(1879-1955)爱因斯坦Relativity(相对论)and the Cosmos(宇宙)The theory about black holes(黑洞理论)Black holesSatellites 卫星Space flights(太空飞行)Cheer upFloat WeightlessCarbin astronomy biochemistry geophysics medicine_ the scientific study of treatment of diseases and in
7、jures_ the study of the chemistry of living things_ the scientific study of the earths atmosphere,oceans and climate_ the scientific study of objects in space,such as planets,stars,comets and“black holes”astronomymedicinebiochemistrygeophysicsFill in the blanks.astronomy physics mathematicsmedicineb
8、iology chemistrygeophysicsgeology physicsbiochemistrybiology chemistryUnit 4Astronomy:the science of the starsReading 1 导学案27 U4,B3 Astronomy reading 1 导学案【使用说明与学法指导】1自学：20分钟自学25-26页课文（学有余力者可课前完成整份导学案）。1）先快速浏览课文，把握文章的主旨大意，完成【自主学习】Tasks 1-2。2）再快读课文1遍，在课文中划出新单词和有用的短语句型。3）难以理解的句子可参考书本83-85页课后注释以及金版学案，仍
9、未解决的要用问号标注出来，等待堂上质疑解决。【学习目标】1.深入理解课文，掌握文章结构，培养快速阅读，整体理解的能力。2.通过自主学习，合作探究，学会分析生命发展过程并熟练运用知识点。3.本文是科普文章，属于说明文，学会抓住文章要说明的主要问题：地球上生命的起源的几个主要阶段。28【自主学习】Task I Scan the Text“How life began on the earth”and choose the best answer.1.From Paragraph 1 we can know that stars are created from _?A.air B.atoms C.
10、rocks D.ice29B2.What does the word“they”refer to in the sentences“It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and.”in Paragraph 2?A.Planets.B.Stars.C.Gases.D.Fire and rock.30D3.Which is the right order of development of life?A.Small clever animals
11、shellfish dinosaurs mammals.B.Shellfish dinosaurs small clever animals mammals.C.Shellfish dinosaurs mammals small clever animals.D.Dinosaurs shellfish mammals small clever animals.31C4.Why are mammals different from other life forms?A.They give birth to young baby animals and produce milk to feed t
12、hem.B.They produce young generally by laying eggs.C.They are able to live on land as well as in the water.D.They live on grass.32A5.What problem is caused by human beings?A.They exist everywhere on the earth.B.They cause global warming.C.They find new methods of growing crops.D.They enjoy hunting an
13、d fishing.33BTask II Read the Paragraph 2,3,4 of the text“How life began on the earth”again and finish the timeline.A Development of Life(1)1.(Big Bang):The earth was still a cloud of _.2.(Between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago):The dust settled into a solid _.3.(explode):Water vapor and some other g
14、ases were produced and made the earths _.34dustglobeatmosphere4.(cool down):_ appeared on the surface.5.(life began):Arrival of small _ on the surface of the water.35WaterplantsDevelopment of Life(2)6.(multiply):The oceans and seas were filled with _and the development of shellfish and other fish we
15、re encouraged.7.(next):Green plants began to grow on _.8.(followed in time):Land animals such as insects and _.9.(plants grew into forests):_ appeared for the first time.10.(after that):Huge animals,called _ developed.11.(dinosaurs disappeared):It made the rise of _ on the earth possible.landamphibi
16、ansdinosaursmammalsoxygenReptiles36 Task III Intensive Reading:Read the text“How life began on the earth”again and then fill in the following chart:3738WaterLand animalshuman beingsParagraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5Main BodyA widely accepted _ about the formation of the _.The fo
17、rmation of the _.The importance of _ for life.The development of _ and _ on the earth.The arrival of _ and their impact on the _.universeearthwaterplantsanimalshumansearththeory 3940Task V Discuss in groups and give the main idea of the text in about 30 words:短文解释了生命是如何在地球上开始的。首先,地球爆炸产生水。因为水的存在，然后植物
18、和动物,包括人类依次在地球上出现。Summary(1)The passage explains _ life began on the earth.The earth e_ and produced water.Then plants and animals i_ human beings appeared in t_ because of the e_ of water.(31 words)howxplodedncludingurnxistence41 Summary（2）The passage explains how the earth _(form)and how life began
19、 and develop on the earth after the _(appear)of water._also mentions how human _(act)have affected the earth.(32 words)was formedappearanceItactivitiesTask VI Complete the following passage：No one knows exactly 1._the earth began.According to a widely accepted theory,the earth began with a“Big Bang”
20、,2._ exploded loudly and produced water vapour many gases,3._(make)the earths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down,water appeared and stayed 4._ the surface.It was the presence of water 5._ allowed the earth to dissolveharmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas,which made 6._ possible for life
21、to develop.42howmakingonthatitwhichFirst,the appearance of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next,green plants began to grow on land.7._ were followed by land animals.So reptiles appeared for the first time.Later,dinosaurs developed.8._,they suddenly di
22、sappeared.After that,mammals came into being.Finally,humans appeared and spread all over the earth.However,they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,making the earth too hot 9._(live)on.So whether life will continue on the earth will depend on 10._ this problem can be solved.43The
23、yHoweverto livewhetherHomework【Homework】：Finish Exercise 1-3 on page 28 in the textbook.【学后反思】_ _44Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5Main BodyA widely accepted theory about the formation of the _The formation of the _The importance of _ for lifeThe development of _ and _ on the
24、earthThe arrival of _ and their impact on the _universeearthwaterplantsanimalshumansearthPage 27-Ex.1Put the order of development of life into a timeline.1.Insects and amphibians appeared.3.The earth became a solid ball.5.Reptiles appeared.7.The earth was a cloud of dust.9.Shellfish and other fish a
25、ppeared.10.Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.2.Dinosaurs appeared.4.Small plants grew on the water.6.Plants began to grow on dry land.8.Water appeared on the earth.10.The universe began with a“Big Bang”.12.Mammals appeared.123456789101112-ence present presence violent violence confident co
26、nfidence different difference patient patience adjective nounDiscovering useful words and expressions(P 28)1 Use correct prefix or suffix for each word.un-certain uncertain fair unfair paid unpaid like unlike kind unkind positivenegativeDiscovering useful words and expressions(P 28)1 Use correct pre
27、fix or suffix for each word.-al culture cultural globe global universe universal agriculture agricultural mathematics mathematical noun adjectiveDiscovering useful words and expressions(P 28)1 Use correct prefix or suffix for each word.-ist art artist physics physicist chemistry chemist biology biol
28、ogist science scientist n.(concept)n.(person)Discovering useful words and expressions(P 28)1 Use correct prefix or suffix for each word.1 At the beginning,the earth had no _.A.dust B.atoms C.waterD.matter2 The development of a planet generally depends on _ combining together.A.atoms B.rocks C.gasesD
29、.water 3 The _ of mammals happened after the disappearance of the dinosaurs.A.harmful B.system C.spread D.method4 Mammals _ when the animals that were harmful to them disappeared.A.prevented B.multiplied C.dependedD.existedDiscovering useful words and expressions(P 28)2 Choose the correct word to fi
30、ll in:C A C B fundamental astronomy gave birth to existed As a result atoms prevents from puzzleDiscovering useful words and expressions(P 28)3Complete the following passage.Emotional words violent angry rude shocked excited crazyDiscovering useful words and expressions(P 28)4Group the following adj
31、ectives.Calm wordsn patientn gentlen relaxingn kindn easy-goingn calmDiscovering useful structures (Page 29)1Find all the examples of subjective clause in the reading passage.Examples:What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38 45亿年前 it was not c
32、lear whether the shape was to last or not.不知道这个形状是否会继续存在下去。Discovering useful structures (Page 29)1*What is even more important is that the earth cooled down,(L13)更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，*It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.(L19)水会对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。
33、Discovering useful structures (Page 29)1*What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allow the earth (L 21)很多科学家相信，持续存在的水使得地球Discovering useful structures (Page 29)1*Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.(L 41)他们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。*So whether life will continue o
34、n the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.(L 50)所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。2Rewrite the following sentences.1His discovery has not yet been proved.What _ _.2Do the other astronomers accept his ideas?It remains a question.Whether _ _.has not
35、 yet been proved is his discoverythe other astronomers accept his ideas remains a questionDiscovering useful structures (Page 29)2Rewrite the following sentences.3The first appearance of life on earth is still a mystery to scientists.How _ _.4Why is the earth becoming warmer?It is an important topic
36、 for research.Why _ _.life first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientistsDiscovering useful structures (Page 29)the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research2Rewrite the following sentences.5Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight.It amazed everybod
37、y.It amazed everybody _ _.6Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.What a surprise!It is a surprise _ _.that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flightthat Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar systemDiscovering useful structures (Page 29)3Complet
38、e the passage.1How dinosaurs disappeared4Why dinosaurs become extinct3that the earth slowly became hot and dry dozens of millions of years ago5How the climate changed2that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance6whether the climate will change againDiscovering useful str
39、uctures (Page 29)1.What do we mean when we say we are studying a subject scientifically?Or whats the correct attitude towards science?We should be objective(客观),not superstitious（迷信）.Answer these questions.2.Whats the correct way to prove a scientific idea?We should design experiments to test it for several times.Then we can analyze the results and draw a conclusion at last.3.What are the most important skills we need to be real scientists?Careful,objective and logical,draw conclusions from the experiments and not imposeconclusions on the data.(imposeon 把强加于)
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