1、2012届高考英语顶尖学案：新课标人教版此学案为QQ1084591801原创整理首发，转载请保留此信息。（20111102）Unit 4 Earthquakes地震核心词汇1The firemen_(营救)three women from the burning house.2He couldnt help_(爆发)into tears when he saw his mother again.3Unluckily，the house that we talked about is in_(废墟)4. The soldiers_(使陷入困境)their enemies and forced t
2、hem to give in.5I find it hard to_(判断)how the election will go.6On arriving there，we expressed our_(祝贺)to him on his success.7We were_(震惊)at their terrible working conditions.8The umbrella is a poor_(避身处)from heavy rain.9Thousands of people died in the earthquake，and many children became homeless be
3、cause of the natural_(灾难)10On seeing the _ scene，the little girl was so _ that she burst out crying.(frighten)11Mr.Wang couldnt_himself clearly when he heard the news，but I could tell from his_that he was very upset.(express)12_from what he said just now，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he o
4、ften tells a lie，so we should not _a man by his appearance.(judge)1.rescued2.bursting3.ruins4.trapped5.judge6.congratulations7.shocked8.shelter9.disaster10.frightening；frightened11.express；expression,12.Judging；judge高频短语1_立刻；马上2_ 好像；仿佛3_ 结束；终结4_ 严重受损；破败不堪5_ 掘出；发现6_ 许多；大量的7_ 刮走8_ 代替；而不是9_ 陷入10_ 埋头于1.
5、right away2.as if3.at an end4.in ruins5.dig out 6.a(great)number of7.blow away8.instead of9.be trapped in10.be buried in重点句式1_the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！2Thousands of families were killed and many children_.成千上万的家庭被毁，许多孩子成了孤儿。3_people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤人数达到
6、40多万。4_they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。5_hope was_lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。6The army organized teams to_were trapped and to bury_.解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。知识详解1.It seemed as if2.were left without parents3.The number of4.Everywhere5.All；not6.dig out those who；the dead1.burst
7、vt.& vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发n突然破裂；爆发(回归课本P26)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。12归纳拓展例句探源(牛津P261)He felt he would burst with anger and shame.他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。(牛津P261)Firefighters burst the door open and rescued them.消防队员撞开门，把他们救了出来。Scarcely had she hear
8、d the news about the death of Michael Jackson when she burst out crying/burst into tears.她一听到迈克尔杰克逊死亡的消息，就失声痛哭起来。即境活用1完成句子(1)他没敲门就闯进房间。He _ _ _ _without knocking at the door.答案：burst into the room(2)我走了进去，所有的人都突然放声大笑起来。I walked in and everyone_ _ _.答案：burst out laughing2.injurevt. 损害；伤害(回归课本P26)Twot
9、hirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。归纳拓展例句探源(朗文P1065)Two men were severely injured trying to save a 5yearold girl from a pit bull.两名男子奋力从比特犬嘴下救出一名五岁小女孩时身受重伤。Your words may injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。The injured were sent to hospital right away.伤员被立即送往医院。易混辨析wound
10、，injure，hurt，harm(1)wound一般指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争、战斗中受伤。(2)injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤，其宾语常为健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。(3)hurt可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害，特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害；作不及物动词时，是“痛”的意思。(4)harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried o
11、ff.What really hurt me was that he never answered my letters.Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light.高效记忆即境活用2Unfortunately，at least 20 miners were killed,22_and 13 _ in the coal mine gas explosion.Ainjuring；trapping Binjured；trappedCinjured；trapping Dinjuring；trapped解析：选B。考查省略和被动语态。miners与injur
12、e和trap之间都是被动关系，所以句子要用被动语态。该句是一个省略句，补充完整为：Unfortunately，at least.,22 miners were injured and 13 miners were trapped in the.。句意：不幸的是，在这起煤矿瓦斯爆炸中，至少有20人死亡，22人受伤，13人被困。3.ruinnU毁坏；毁灭；崩溃nC(pl.)废墟；遗迹v(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭(回归课本P26)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。归纳拓展例句探源(
13、牛津P1747)That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。(牛津P1747)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。The war brought the country to ruin.战争毁灭了这个国家。即境活用3It rained for two weeks on end，completely_our holiday.AruinedBto ruinCruining Dwas ruined解析：选
14、C。句意：大雨连续不停地下了两周，完全毁了我们的假期。ruining为现在分词作状语，表结果。4_is no wonder that the building is_now；it was so big a fire last night.AIt；in ruins BThat；in ruinsCThere；in ruins DIt；in ruin解析：选A。“It is no wonder that.”是固定句式，表示“难怪”；be/lay in ruins是固定短语，意为“成为废墟”。4.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入(回归课本P26)The army organi
15、zed teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。归纳拓展例句探源(牛津P262)Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。(牛津P262)He buried his face in his hands and wept.他双手掩面而泣。(牛津P262)Since she left，hes buried himself in his work.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。She had
16、 learnt to bury her feelings.她已经学会了感情不外露。即境活用5他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。_ _ _ _，he didnt know that all the others had left.答案：Buried/Absorbed in his study5.judgev断定；判断；判决 n裁判员；法官；评判员(回归课本P30)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都
17、同意这是今年最好的演讲。归纳拓展例句探源(牛津P1098)Dont judge a book by its cover.勿以貌取人。(牛津P1098)Judging by her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。(牛津P1098)As far as I can judge，all of them are to blame.依我看，他们都应承担责任。【温馨提示】judging from/by表示“从上看，根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的
18、形式。即境活用6I havent read all of his books before，but_from the one I have read，I think hes a very promising writer.AjudgedBjudgingCdetermining Ddetermined解析：选B。judging from.是固定短语，常在句中作状语。不管它与主语是主动还是被动关系，都要用judging from形式。7I shall make my own_on this matter when I see the result.Ajustice BjudgementCinten
19、tion Dconclusion解析：选B。“作出判断”用make ones judgement。justice公正，公平；intention打算，意图；conclusion结论，常和动词draw，reach，arrive at，come to等搭配。6.at an end结束；终结(回归课本P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！归纳拓展例句探源The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。By the end o
20、f last year，he had learned two thousand English words.到去年年底为止，他已学了2000个英语单词。They decided to put an end to the quarrel.他们决定结束争吵。Being out of work and having two young children，they found it impossible to make ends meet.他们失业了，还要养活两个小孩，他们发现无法维持起码的生活。即境活用8Im sorry to say that our food is almost_.We cant
21、 survive if there is no one to help us.Aby the end Bat the endCin the end Dat an end解析：选D。考查介词短语辨析。by the end到为止；at the end在尽头；in the end最后，终于；at an end结束，终结。句意：我很遗憾地说我们的食物快没了。如果没人来帮助我们，我们就无法生存了。7.a number of许多，大量的(回归课本P27)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were
22、 sleeping.那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。归纳拓展例句探源(牛津P1367)A large number of people have applied for the job.许多人申请了这份工作。Helen has a great many friends indeed，but she does not think she has any she can believe in.海伦固然有许多朋友，可是她认为没有一个是可以信任的。The poor girl from a small village was deeply impressed by the large qua
23、ntities of food in the big city.大城市里大量丰富的食品给这个来自小山村的穷苦的女孩留下了深刻的印象。易混辨析the number of，a number of(1)a number of.许多；大量的，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)the number of.的数目，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.A number of students want to go to college when they fi
24、nish middle school.即境活用9As you can see，the number of cars on our roads_rising these days.Awas keepingBkeepCkeeps Dwere keeping解析：选C。句意：正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数，可排除B、D；再根据时间状语these days可知描述的是现在的情况，所以选C。句型梳理1【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)仿佛到了世界末日！【句法分析】as if
25、as though“仿佛；好像”可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气；当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。He kept working as if nothing had happened.他继续工作，仿佛什么都没有发生似的。When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water，it looks as if it were broken.当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。It looks as if it is going t
26、o rain.看起来似乎要下雨。【温馨提示】如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。She walked here and there on the playground as if(she was)looking for something.她在操场上来回走，好像在找什么东西。The old man was lying on the ground as if(he was)hurt badly.老人躺在地上，好像伤得很厉害。He opened his mouth as if
27、to say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。即境活用10Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_yesterday.Awas happening BhappensChas happened Dhappened解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。故选D项。2【教材原句】All hope was not lost.(P26)不是所有的希望都破灭了。【句法分析】(1)本句是部分否定句。当否定句中有不定代词all，both，each和含有every
28、的合成词时，表部分否定。All my friends do not study well.Not all my friends study well.我的朋友并不个个都学习好。Everything is not right.并非什么都好。【温馨提示】凡是具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no l
29、onger等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用就构成了全部否定。(2010年高考天津卷)Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。None of us was allowed to go there.我们全都不让去那里。(2)be lost/gone/missing丢了，不在。With all my money lost/missing/gone，I couldnt go home.所有的钱都丢了，我无法回家。When he fou
30、nd his book gone/lost/missing，he was really upset.当他发现他的书丢了时，他的确很伤心。即境活用11(2010年高考江西卷)Swimming is my favorite sport.There is_like swimming as a means of keeping fit.AsomethingBanythingCnothing Deverything解析：选C。句意：游泳是我最喜欢的运动。作为保持健康的方式，没有什么能比得上游泳了。本题考查不定代词。根据上文可知，空格处需要一个表示否定意义的词，所以C为答案。12Which of the
31、two computer games did you prefer?Actually I didnt like_.Aboth of them Beither of themCnone of them Dneither of them解析：选B。考查代词。上文为two computer games，下文则讲两者都不喜欢，none表三者及三者以上，可以排除C项。not either在此等同于neither，符合语境。13I agree with most of what you said，but I dont agree with_.Aanything BsomethingCeverything Dnothing解析：选C。everything与否定词连用表示部分否定。高考资源网首发精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#U