1、1mental adj.精神的；思想的mentally adv.精神地；思想地2universe n宇宙；天地万物universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的universally adv.全体地，一致地3determine vt.查明；确定；决定determination n决心；果断determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的4argue vt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论argument n争论；论点5limit n限度limited adj.有限的6globe n地球；地球仪；世界global adj.全球的；全世界的7desire n渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望desirab
2、le adj.合意的；可取的；值得拥有的8independent adj.独立的；自立的independently adv.独立地；自立地1launch vt.&n.发射；发起；上市The enemy launched an attack again.发起The new model will be launched in July.上市China will launch another satellite into space.发射The official launch date is in May.上市2orbit n(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕运行
3、A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.轨道You should come within his orbit.势力范围The earth takes a year to orbit the sun.环绕运行Words and Phrasesdetermined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的(教材P40)However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索
4、太空的梦想。例1She was determined to lose weight successfully this time.这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。例2His father made a determined effort to quit smoking.他爸爸戒烟是意志坚定的。知识拓展(1)determine从句决定determine to do sth. 决定做某事(强调动作)determine on/upon(doing) sth. 就(做)某事做出决定(2)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(强调状态)(3)determination n. 决
5、心名师点津be determined(not) to do sth.表示状态，是一种延续状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。即学即练单句语法填空She determined to work(work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.With determina
6、tion(determine)，Im sure I can overcome whatever hardships and dangers I may meet with.The determined(determine) look in their eyes told us that nothing could make them change their minds.小片段填空He has been determined(determine) to learn English well.So he determined on/upon reading English every morni
7、ng with this great determination(determine)Im sure he will succeed in learning it well one day.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的(教材P41)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望例1She was deeply disappointed at losing the race.比赛输了，她很沮丧。例2These jobs didnt pay well，and the people felt
8、lonely and disappointed at their new life in the city. 这些工作报酬不高，而且人们感到孤独，对城市的新生活感到失望。知识拓展(1)be disappointed about/at/in.对感到失望be disappointed to do sth. 做某事失望be disappointed that. 感到失望(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的disappoint sb. 使某人失望to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是即学即练单句语法填空The next day，we got a disappoi
9、nting(disappoint) message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)To my great disappointment(disappoint)，the council refused to consider my proposal.小片段填空Much to my disappointme
10、nt，he was also disappointed at the disappointing news that he was refused by the company.(disappoint)desire n渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望(教材P41).but the desire to explore the universe never died.但是(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未泯灭。例1Even so，she impressed us with her courage and strong desire to succeed.即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令我们印象深刻。例2I
11、 desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉。知识拓展(1)have a strong desire(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事desire that.(should) do sth.渴望(3)desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的名师点津desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、
12、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子We always desire to live(live) in peace with all the other countries in the world.She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.她渴望成功。She has a desire for success.人民表达了早日结束战争的愿望。The people expressed their desire that the war should come
13、to an end soon.小片段助记He has a strong desire to get his desirable things，he also desired that his son be admitted by a key university，so he desired his son to work hard at school.carry on继续做，坚持干(教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge ri
14、sks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。例1Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？例2Dont stop.Please carry on.别停。请继续。知识拓展carry on with.继续carry out 完成；实行；执行carry through 帮渡过(难关等)即学即练单句语法填空If you carry on working(work) like that，you will break down
15、 sooner or later.They will carry out the experiment regardless of what will happen.They carry on with their experiment despite strong opposition.His determination carried him through the difficulty.小片段助记You should carry out the order and carry on with the task until it is carried through.on board在宇宙
16、飞船上；在船上；在飞机上(教材P41)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board.它绕地球运行，上面搭载着来自不同国家的宇航员例1Have all the passengers gone on board yet?所有乘客都登机了吗？例2They have gone on board.他们已经上船了。知识拓展(1)board vt.&vi.上船/车/飞机等(2)aboard adv.&prep. 上船/飞机/车；在船/飞机/车上go aboard the ship/the plane/the trai
17、nboard the ship/the plane/the train 上船/飞机/火车(3)abroad adj. 国外的go abroad 出国home and abroad 国内外即学即练用board/aboard/abroad填空That afternoon aboard the train，the cousins settled down in their seats.Please board the train immediately.Please go aboard the train right away.Please pay attention to the news fro
18、m home and abroadsignal vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n信号；标志(教材P41)This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。例1As soon as it was dark，Mrs Evans gave the signal.天一黑，埃文斯夫人就发出了信号。例2The traffic policeman signalled to me to pull over.交警示意我靠边停车。知
19、识拓展(1)signal to sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事signal (to sb.) that. 示意(某人)(2)a traffic signal 交通信号send out a signal 发出信号即学即练单句语法填空As soon as he sat down at the table, he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.The policeman signalled the driver to stop(stop) his car by raising his hand.He stood up，signallin
20、g(signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client.小片段助记Something was wrong with the traffic signal in the street，so the policeman signalled to the pedestrians to come cross the street.He stood there with his right hand raised，signalling to us to stop.Sentence Patterns不定式作后
21、置定语(教材P40).on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.1961年4月12日，尤里加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。句式分析to go into space 是不定式作后置定语，修饰the first person。例1She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.她是在第29届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员。例2The first person to arr
22、ive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。知识拓展(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。即学即练单句语法填空He is alw
23、ays the first to come(come) and the last to leave(leave)The girl is the best person to finish(finish) the whole work.Thank you for giving me the chance to make(make) the speech.This is because.句型(教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge
24、 risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。句式分析此句为主从复合句，because引导表语从句，句式结构为This/That was/is because.例1This is because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。例2He was late for school.This was because his bike was broke
25、n.他上学迟到是因为自行车坏了。知识拓展(1)This/That is because.意为“这/那是因为”，用来表示原因(2)This/That is why.意为“这/那是为什么”，用来表示结果(3)The reason why.is that.意为“的原因就是”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.The reason why we have to s
26、tudy computer is that it becomes more and more useful in our daily life.He and I have worked together for a couple of years；thats why I know him pretty well.他失望的原因是他考试失败。The reason why he was disappointed was that he failed in the exam.他起晚了，这就是他为什么没赶上第一班车的原因。He got up late，and this is why he missed
27、the first bus this morning.1After many experiments，they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity.分析本句为复合句，after引导的短语作时间状语，that引导的定语从句修饰先行词rockets。译文经过多次实验之后，他们成功研制出能够摆脱地球引力的火箭。2China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003，when Yang L
28、iwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.分析本句为复合句，when引导一个非限制性定语从句，对2003年进行补充说明，to independently send humans into space是不定式作后置定语修饰country。译文2003年杨利伟搭乘的“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功绕地球运行，使中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。3Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to
29、 understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.分析本句为复合句。hope后跟一个宾语从句，从句中两个动词enable和help由not only.but also连接起来；另外how又引导一个宾语从句作understand的宾语。译文尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，还能帮助我们延续生存，直到未来。教材高考1.and it still transmits data today.(2019全国卷)As data and identity theft b
30、ecomes more and more common.2.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity，.(2020天津卷)I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.3.but the desire to explore the universe never died.(2020天津卷)And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.单句语法
31、填空1They are talking about astronauts(astronaut) life in space.2He desired all the students (should)wear(wear) the school uniform to attend the party.3Much to her disappointment(disappoint)，he was refused by the company.4I thought he was very attractive and obviously very intelligent(intelligence)5Wi
32、th great determination(determine)，he overcame all the difficulty he met in climbing the high mountain.6I think you are mentally(mental) tired.7He desired to live independently(independent) after graduating from college.8The teacher signalled(signal) to the boy to stop in front of classmates.9He was
33、the first person to arrive(arrive) at the airport yesterday afternoon.10He didnt come to school this morning and that is because he was ill.短语填空carry on；on board；in the hope of；so as to；find out；focus on；be determined to；for example；believe in；lead to1As we all know，careless driving will lead to acc
34、ident.2Now mankind are focusing on sending people into Mars.3He has been determined to give up smoking，so he threw away his remaining cigarettes.4It is unbelievable that so many people believe in good in such a little country.5He carried on until success despite the difficulties.6They did the resear
35、ch in the hope of finding the real murderer of the accident.7People will always continue to explore space so as to learn its secrets.8To find out the secrets of the universe，we constantly send brave people into space.9The passengers on board are asked not to use their phones when the plane takes off
36、.10For example，some students should study in group，while some should study alone.课文语法填空Mankind is exploring space in the hope of 1.finding(find) out more secrets of the universe.Exploring space is both dangerous 2.and challenging，but the desire 3.to explore(explore) the universe never died.On 4 Octo
37、ber 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite 4.was launched(launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.Afterwards，Yuri Gagarin became the first person 5.to go(go) into space in the world.On 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，6.famously(famous) saying，“Thats one s
38、mall step for a man，one giant leap for mankind.”China has made great progress in exploring space in 2003，and has successfully sent Yang Liwei into space who orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft，7.becoming(become) the third country in the world to 8.independently(independent) send humans into space.People will continue to explore this final frontier，and this is 9.because they believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration 10.despite the huge risks.