1、语法专递The Passive Voice一语法意义：l 在英语中，须通过动词的某种形式来表明句子的主语是动作的执行者还是动作的承受者。l 英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。时态语态had been+p.p过去完成时情态动词+be+p.p含情态动词的被动语态have/has been+p.p现在完成时was/were going to be+p.pwould/should be+p.p过去将来时am/is/are going to be+p.pwill/shall+be+p.p一般将来时was/
2、were +being +p.p过去进行时am/is/are +being +p.p现在进行时was/were +p.p一般过去时am/is/are +p.p一般现在时被动语态二、被动语态的构成三被动语态的用法l1.当不必指出动作的执行者或者不愿说出。e.g.The door is locked.The cup was broken(by Tom).l2.用于强调动作的执行者。e.g The songs are sung by girls,not by boys.l3.用于使句子的语序合理。e.g The work was done by those who love of their lab
3、or.l4.用于邀请或报道。e.g He is invited to the party.It is said that the little girl was saved at last.l四不同被动语态的用法l1.只含一个宾语。（S+V+O）e.g.I help him not only in study but also in life.He is helped not only in study but also in life.l2.含有两个宾语，即双宾语。（S+V+O+O）动词 give,tell,make,teach,pass,lend,show,bring,buy etc一般后
4、边跟双宾语，变被动语态是则有两种变法。e.g.The teacher gave us many books.We were given many books by the teacher.Many books were given to us by the teacher.Note:必要时须用介词 to/for.l3.含复合宾语。（S+V+O+C）分析：The old man told the boy to do his homework at once.The wife made the husband stand outside for a whole night.We must keep
5、 our classroom very clean.Let him in.He found the dog eating something on the street.When I went out,I found the ground covered with thick snow.They kept the boy in the frightening house.We often call him Ming ming.lQuestion:原句中的宾补在被动语态的句子中担当什么成份？l特别强调：l 在make/see/hear sb.do sth.的省to 不定式中，变被动语态to还原。
6、The husband was made to stand outside for a whole night.The girl was heard to sing English songs in the room.l4.不定式的被动语态。e.g.He seems to like Joan.Joan seems to be liked by him.l5.含有宾语从句的被动语态。e.g.He said Mary did the whole thing.It was said that Mary did the whole thing.Mary was said that she did th
7、e whole thing.l6.被动语态中的特例。如：pay attention to,take care of etc.e.g.We should pay more attention to our pronunciation.More attention should be paid to our pronunciation.Our pronunciation should be paid more attention to.l五 不用被动语态的情况。lA.与动词有关l 1.某些及物动词，如 fit,have 多表示状态，一般无被动语态。e.g.The coat fits me very
8、 well.我们不可以说I am fitted very well by the coat.They have many books.我们不可以说Many books are had by them.2.一些特殊的动词短语，如，happen,take place,break out,belong to etc.e.g.The First World War broke out in 1914.我们不可以说 The First World War was broken out in 1914.l3.误区：系动词be,become,turn 跟名词作表语。此时，无被动语态。它本身是 S+V+P,无
9、宾语，也就没有无被动语态。lB.与宾语有关l1.宾语为反身代词，无被动语态。e.g.I can express myself in English.l 2.宾语为相互代词，无被动语态。e.g.We should help each other not only in study but also in life.lC.表示“营业”或“关门”时，无被动语态，如，剧院，图书馆，游泳池的“开门”或“关门”。e.g The swimming pool opens at 8:00 a.m.The library closes at 5:00 every day.l轻松驿站（用被动语态造句子）每年春季我们
10、种植许多树。Many trees are planted in spring every year.窗子昨天被那个男孩打破了。The window was broken by the boy yesterday.看！他们正在建造一幢大楼。Look!A big building is being built by them.墙已经被工人们粉完了。The walls have been painted by the workers.第29th 届奥运会将会于2008年在中国北京举行。The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in China in
11、 2008.张靓颖会唱许多英文歌曲。Many English songs can be sung by Zhangliangying.医护人员已经拯救了20 多条生命了。More than 20 lives have been saved by the doctors and nurses.这家游泳馆早8:00开始营业，下午6：00关门。The swimming pool opens at 8:00 in the morning and closes at 6:00 in the afternoon.选一选，测测你：lThe Peoples Republic of China _ on Oct
12、ober 1,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found lEnglish _ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken l This kind of car _ in Japan.A.makes B.made C.is making D.is madel Our room must _ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep l A new house _ at the corner of the road.
13、A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be buildingl These papers _ yet.A.have not written B.have not been written C.has not written D.has not been writtenl His new book_ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been published _ the watch been repaired yet?I ba
14、dly need it.A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are l Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A.didnt a meeting hold B.wasnt a meeting held C.wasnt held a meeting D.a meeting wasnt heldlThe flowers _ often.A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must waterlWho was the book_?A.write B.wrote C.written D.written b
15、y lThe play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A.is going to be shown B.will shown C.will show D.is shownlThe river smells terrible.People must _ dirty things into it.A.be stopped to throw B.be stopped from throwing lNewly-born babies _ in hospital.A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of l Old peop
16、le must _.A.look after well B.be looked well after C.looked well after D.be looked after welll Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A.called B.was asked C.told D.was saidl I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A.gave B.was giving C.had given D.was givenl Good care _ such things.A.should take of B.should be taken C.should be taking D.should be taken ofHomework:l1.Review what we have learned today.l2.Write a short passage about one activity by using passive voice.
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