陕西省某二中高三英语二轮复习精品课件：单项填空专题.ppt

1、单项填空第12课时定语从句一The school shop,_ customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.(2011四川卷)A.which B.whose C.when D.whereB考查定语从句。先行词在从句中作customers的定语，故选B项。which在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语；when、where作状语。句意：大部分顾客是学生的那家学校的商店因为放假暂时歇业了。思路点拨【考点1】限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词

2、的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句关系词可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导；关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)【考点2】介词关系代词连用时，介词的选用She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _ had taken more than three years.(2011江西卷)A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to whic

3、hC我们可以说whose construction，也可以 说 the construction of which of which the construction,介词of 表所属关系。介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词which/whom,不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。【考点3】as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.(2011全国卷)A

4、.this B.that C.what D.whichDwhich引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。_ is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.Which D.WhatBA、D不能引导定语从句，C引导的从句不可放句首。As is known to everybodyas everybody knows“正如大家所知道的”.该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth

5、once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels around the earth once every month.as和which的相同点：(1)先行词都可指代整个主句；(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as和which的不同点：(1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行；(2)as有“正如”之意，而which表示“这一点”。【考点4】关系代词与关系副词的选用I will never forget the day _I came to my university and the day _I

6、 spent in a new city.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;whenA解答该题要搞清楚两个先行词都是表示时间的名词the day在定语从句中所充当的成分，第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when。第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用when,where,why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状语，而是作

7、主语、宾语或表语，引导词则用that或which。Men are more suited to occupational environments _ require decisive action while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most important.A.which;that B./;when C.which;when D.that;whereD第一空用关系代词that或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where，因为后句意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和后面定语从句意思，

8、确定用关系副词whereat which表地点，作地点状语。定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。【考点5】定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别Was it in the street _ our school is located in _ the car accident happened?A.where;that B.where;which C.that;which D.which;thatD本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句，that或which作第二个in的宾语；第二

9、空考查强调句型。1.区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是：在先行词与从句之间加be动词，若句子成立，则是同位语从句；若句子不成立，则可能为定语从句。The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family.由 于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是the news的同位语。The news that he told me this morning is not interesting.由 于“The n

10、ews is that he told me this morning”不 成 立，于 是“that he told me this morning”不是the news的同位语，而是限定the news的定语从句。2.区别定语从句与强调句最简单的方法是：若将It is/was和that/who去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。【考点6】定语从句的主谓一致1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。I,who am your close friend,will try my best to help you

11、 whenever you are in trouble.2.one of 复数名词 关系代词 复数动词；而the only one of 复数名词 关系代词 单数动词。Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers.Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire.3.非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He has passed the exam,which makes us surprised.Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.