1、第四讲动词和动词短语一、动词词义辨析常见形近动词小结：纵观近几年高考试题对动词的考查不难发现，高考题中所给的四个选项常出现词形相似的情况，考生在平时遇到词形相近的动词应注意归纳。这里总结了一些常见的形似动词：1translate(翻译)，transport(运输)，transplant(移植)，transform(改变，转变)；2conserve(保护)，preserve(保护，维护)，reserve(保留)；3commit(犯)，submit(提交，呈递)，permit(允许)，admit(承认)；4imply(暗示)，apply(应用)，supply(提供)，reply(答复)；5insp
2、ect(检查)，expect(期待)，respect(尊敬)，suspect(怀疑)；6resist(抵抗)，persist(持续)，insist(坚持)，assist(帮助)，consist(由组成)；7rise(上升)，arise(出现)，raise(提高)，arouse(唤醒)；8affect(影响)，afford(买得起，提供)，offer(给予，提供)；9succeed(成功)，proceed(进行)，exceed(超越)；10explode(爆炸)，explore(考查，探究)，export(出口)；11require(要求)，acquire(获得)，inquire(询问)，ins
3、pire(鼓舞)；12contribute(捐献)，distribute(分配)；13adapt(使适应)，adopt(采纳，收养)；14consume(消耗)，assume(假定)。1(2014高考江苏卷)Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies.AchasedBregisteredCofferedDcompensated解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。chase“追逐，追求”；register“登记，注册”；offer“提供”；compensate“补偿，赔偿”。句意：大学的优秀毕业生显然是各大公司竞相追逐(chase)
4、的目标。2(2014高考天津卷)My parents always _ great importance to my getting a good education.AhaveBattachCacceptDpay解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析及固定搭配。句意：我的父母一直非常重视让我得到良好的教育。attach great importance to“认为非常重要”，为固定搭配，符合句意。3(2014高考福建卷)It is widely acknowledged that students should be _in terms of overall quality.AsupportedBma
5、tchedCevaluatedDcontrolled解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。support“支持，赞成”；match“相配，相称”；evaluate“评价，评估”；control“控制”。根据句中的关键词students以及overall quality(综合素质)可知空格处表示“评价(evaluate)”。4(2014高考浙江卷)No matter how carefully you plan your finances，no one can _ when the unexpected will happen.AproveBimplyCde
6、mandDpredict解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管你怎样仔细地规划你的财务状况，没人能预测什么时候会发生意外。prove“证明”；imply“暗示”；demand“要求”；predict“预测”。由后面的关键信息when the unexpected will happen可知，此处是“预言，预测(predict)”要发生意外。5(2014高考江西卷)I dont believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to _ me.AconvinceBinform CguaranteeDrefuse解析：
7、选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信你所说的，但是如果你能证明它，你也许能够_我。由句中的“但是如果你能证明它”可判断此处应填convince(说服)。inform改革；guarantee保证；refuse拒绝。二、动词短语辨析break短语break away from脱离；背叛；break down损坏；(化学)分解；(汽车)抛锚；垮掉；break in闯入，强行进入；插嘴，打断；break into闯入；打断，突然(笑、唱等)起来；break off打断；折断；break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发；break up(物理)分解；粉碎，破碎；结束；散开，解散The car b
8、roken down just north of Pairs. 汽车在巴黎以北的地方抛锚了。hold短语hold back隐瞒；阻碍；犹豫；控制(情感)；hold out伸出；坚持，维持；hold up阻挡，使停顿；支撑得住；hold on等着；别挂断；坚持住；hold on to保留；抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being；house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住那套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。bring短语bring about引起，导致；bring back把送回，归还
9、；使回忆起；bring down使倒下；降低；bring in引进；挣得；bring out使罢工；阐明；出版；bring up教育，培养The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格，以保持市场稳定。make短语make sense有意义，讲得通；make it及时到达；成功；make up编造；化妆；组成，构成；补齐，凑足；铺床；和好；make up for补偿，弥补；make up of由构
10、成；make room for让地方；make fun of取笑；make use of利用；make way for为开路，让路；make up ones mind打定主意，决定The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make up for the time he has wasted playing online games.为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。come短语come about发生，产生；come along跟随；come across(偶然)遇见(或发现)；come off从离开，脱落；come
11、on来吧，赶快；come out出来；(书)出版；come to共计，达到；come up with追上，赶上；想出(主意)；找出(答案)(2013高考新课标全国卷)Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight？今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？put短语put aside放在一边；put away收起来放好；储蓄；put back放回原处；拨回；推迟；put down放下；平定，镇压；记下；put forward提出(计划、建议等)；拨快；提前；put off延期，推迟；使分神；put out扑灭；生产；公布；put thro
12、ugh接通电话；put up提出；建造；举起；张贴，公布；留宿，过夜；put up with容忍He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。get短语get across被理解；get along/on with进展；与和睦相处；get down下来；记下；get down to开始认真干；get off出发；下车；get over克服；get through通过；打通(电话)；用完，耗尽(2013高考江苏卷)Te
13、am leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.团队领导者必须要确保所有的队员克服本能的欲望以避免犯错误带来的尴尬。set短语set about着手干；开始做；set aside暂时不考虑；把放到一旁；省出，留出；set off动身；引爆；引起，激发；set out开始；动身；陈述，阐明Both sides agreed to set aside the question of inde
14、pendence.双方同意把独立的问题搁置不提。give短语give away泄露；颁发；赠送；give back归还；使恢复；give in屈服；呈交；give off发出，放出(气味、光、热等)；give out用尽，耗尽；分发；公布，发表；发出(光、热等)；give up放弃He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam，but the look on his face gave himself away.他说他对期末考试的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。take短语take charge of负责，掌管；
15、take in吸收；欺骗，蒙骗；改小，改瘦；take off(飞机)起飞；脱下；休假；迅速流行；(事业)腾飞；take on呈现；雇用；承担(责任)；take over接管，接任；take the place of代替；take up从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间)His life had taken on a new dimension.他的生活呈现出新的面貌。turn短语turn away转身，走开；打发走；turn down拒绝；调小；turn off关掉；turn on打开；turn out结果；证明是；关掉；生产，制造；turn over打翻；仔细思量；移交；turn to求助于；翻到
16、，转到；turn up调大；出现You look upset.Whats the matter？你看起来很沮丧，怎么了？I had my proposal turned down again.我的提议再次遭到了拒绝。其他常考的动词短语account for解释，说明；answer for对负责，担保，担忧；consist of包括，由组成；contribute to有助于，导致；figure out想清楚，弄明白，算出；focus on/upon集中(精神、注意力)于；insist on坚持要求；object to反对；point out指出；refer to提到，指的是，查阅；meet wi
17、th偶遇；result in结果是，导致；see to照看；处理；负责；show off炫耀；stick to坚持，不放弃；use up耗尽，用尽；wear out耗尽，使筋疲力尽Can you account for your movements on that night？你能解释一下那晚的活动吗？温馨提示多词动词短语多词动词短语多由三个单词构成，因词数多、构词巧而备受高考命题者的重视。常见的多词动词短语有：动词短语意义动词短语意义keep up with赶上get away with做错事而不受处罚end up with以告终get away from脱离catch up with赶上d
18、ate back to追溯至get rid of消灭look back to/on回顾look up to尊敬do harm/good to给带来坏/好处look out for警惕do wrong to委屈look down upon瞧不起do away with废除look forward to期盼do damage to给造成损坏live up to不辜负devote oneself to献身于dress oneself in穿着seat oneself on坐在(2015浙江杭州二中、学军中学等五校联考)As winter gives way to spring，students ar
19、e looking forward to outdoor activities.冬去春来，学生们正期待着户外活动。1(2014高考福建卷)As a grassroots singer，she reads everything she can _concerning music，and takes every opportunity to improve herself.Acatch sight ofBget hold ofCtake charge ofDmake mention of解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能得到的一切与音乐有关的东西，还利用一切机会提高自
20、己。catch sight of“看见”；get hold of“找到，得到，抓住”；take charge of“负责”；make mention of“提到”。根据句中的everything(一切)以及concerning music(与音乐有关)可知是找到(get hold of) 一切与音乐有关的东西。2(2014高考湖北卷)Is this your necklace，Mary? I _ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.Acame acrossBdealt withClooked afterDwent for 解析：选A
21、。考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？我今天早上打扫浴室的时候看到的。come across意为“(偶然)遇到”，符合句意。deal with“处理”；look after“照看”；go for“想要获得，争取得到”。3(2014高考湖北卷)Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening，but there must be something wrong with the network；I cant seem to _Aget throughBget offCget inDget along 解析：选A。考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：整个
22、晚上我都一直在努力给查尔斯打电话，但肯定是网络出故障了，我似乎无法接通。get through可表示“设法联系上(尤指打通电话)”，符合语境。get off“(从)下来；出发”；get in“进入；抵达；收获”；get along“进展，相处”。4(2014高考大纲全国卷)Caroline doesnt have a gift for music，but she _ it with hard work. Agoes back onBtakes away fromCmakes up forDcatches up with 解析：选C。考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：卡罗琳虽然没有音乐方面的天赋，但是
23、她用努力工作来弥补它。go back on“背叛，背弃”；take away from“拿走，带走”；make up for“弥补”；catch up with“赶上，追上”。由第一分句的关键信息doesnt have a gift for music以及并列连词but可知，她是在用努力工作来“弥补(make up for)”没有音乐天赋这件事。5(2014高考安徽卷)Terry，please_ your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you.Alook up fromBlook intoClook back onDlook through解析：选A
24、。考查动词短语辨析。句意：特里，祖母和你说话时，请_你的手机。look up from“从上抬起头来”；look into“调查”；look back on“回顾，回头看”；look through“仔细检查，看穿”。祖母是长辈，和孙辈说话时，孙辈要集中精力倾听，即：look up from your cellphone(从你的手机上把头抬起来，即不要看着手机)。故选A项。6(2014高考江西卷)Anyway, were here now，so lets _ some serious work.Acome up withBget down to Cdo away withDlive up to
25、 解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管怎么说，我们现在在这儿，因此让我们_一些重要的工作吧。get down to着手处理，符合题意。come up with想起；do away with废除；live up to遵守，不辜负。三、动词(短语)的熟词生义熟词生义现在在高考中屡屡出现，有时会给考试带来不小的困难。应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对于常见的词汇除了掌握其基本意义外，对于其不太常用的词义也要作适当的了解；其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆处理，以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。1常考动词的熟词生义add vt.接着说，补充道；address vt.称呼；向发表演说；admit v
26、t.允许进入；容纳；attend vt. 照料；照顾；decline vt.谢绝；婉拒；catch vt.理解；明白；count vi.重要；vt.认为；cover vt.走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)；drive vt.驱赶；escape vt.被忘记；fail vi.不足，缺乏；(视力、健康)衰退；follow v理解；stand vt.容忍，忍受；hold v容纳；occur v被想到；operate vi.运转；起作用vt.经营；observe vt.遵守；奉行；present vt.介绍；赠送；promise v使很可能，预示；run vt.竞选；运转；管理；succ
27、eed vt.继承；接任；wear v磨损；经磨；耐用2常考动词短语的熟词生义put up过夜；turn out出席，在场，到场；turn up被发现，被找到；work out以某种方式发展，锻炼；rule out排除；agree with适合；make out开出；stand up经得起；take on雇用；pay off 有回报，成功；结清工资并解雇(某人)；pay for为付出代价；pick up康复；leave out不考虑；set aside省出，留出；set off引起，激起；take off迅速流行；break down(计划)失败(2014高考江苏卷)Dad，I dont th
28、ink Oliver the right sort of person for the job.爸爸，我认为奥利弗不是做这份工作的合适人选。I see. Ill go right away and pay him off.我明白了。我马上去解雇他。(2014高考安徽卷)Shakespeares writing is still popular today. It has really _ the test of time.AfailedBstoodCtakenDconducted解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎，它的确经受住了时间的检验。根据前一句“Shake
29、speares writing is still popular today.”可推知，后一句意为“莎士比亚的作品经受住了(stood)时间的检验”。stand常见熟义：站立；位于；生义：经受住；容忍，忍受。stand the test of time经受住了时间的检验，故选B项。1(2015盐城质检)We were all agreed that the cottage would _a perfect holiday home for the family.AmakeBturnCtakeDhave解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。 make在此
30、为熟词生义，表示“适合做，宜用作”，符合题意。2(2015杭州质检)His grandmothers sudden death of a heart attack_Eric to study medicine.AforcedBremindedCconvincedDdrove解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：Eric的奶奶突发心脏病去世，这促使他学医。drive“促使，迫使”，符合句意。3(2015南京模拟)From the moment babies are born，parents are helping them to be released into the world，not to_
31、them or to control their lives for the rest of life.Ahold on toBput up withCgive in toDbreak up with解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：从婴儿出生的那刻起，父母们就在帮助他们融入这个世界，而不是抓紧他们不放或是控制他们一辈子的生活。根据后面的control可知前面应该用hold on to，意为“抓紧，不放开”。而put up with“忍受”；give in to“屈服”；break up with“同(某人)绝交”，均不符合句意。4(2015成都质检)In spite of the tigh
32、t schedule of study，the activities for students to achieve their potential have never been_Acalled inBcalled offCcalled outDcalled up解析：选B。句意：尽管学习安排很紧，但开发学生潜能的活动从未被取消过。call in召来；call off取消；call out大声呼叫；call up给打电话。根据句意可知，B项正确。5Shangrila Hotel！May I help you?Id like to_a double room with a sea view f
33、or two nights.AobserveBreserveCdeserveDpreserve解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，答话人是想预订一个双人海景房。reserve意为“预订，保留”，符合语境。observe“观察到，看到”；deserve“应得”；preserve“保存，维护”。6(2015浙江宁波高考模拟)Thanks to Mrs Smith，the father and the son eventually_after ten years cold relationship between them.Atook upBpicked upCmade upDturned
34、up解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：父子俩10年来关系冷淡，多亏了Smith夫人，父子俩最终言归于好了。make up意为“言归于好，和解”，符合语境。7(2015陕西宝鸡质检)Peter was a heart breaker. He deserted his wife the moment his business began to_Atake upBtake outCtake overDtake off解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：彼得是一个负心人。事业一成功他就抛弃了妻子。take up“占据；拿起”；take out“取出”；take over“接管”；take off“突
35、然成功”。根据句意选D。8(2015厦门高三质量检查)The authorities_ an orange warning of haze and urged people to stay indoors.AcommandedBstruckCcancelledDissued解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当局发出雾霾橙色预警，并强烈要求人们待在室内。command“命令”；strike“击打；碰撞”；cancel“取消”；issue“公布，发布”。D项符合句意。9(2015安徽安庆模拟)People around the world are_ the Japanese government
36、 to face the history with a correct attitude now.Aanswering forBpushing forCaccounting forDcaring for解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：世界各地的人们现在都在强烈要求日本政府以正确的态度面对历史。根据句意可知，这里用push for表示“施压争取，反复要求”。answer for“对负责”；account for“解释，说明”；care for“照料；喜欢”。10“People of all walks of life are willing to _ the Hope Project，” s
37、aid the poster.Asubscribe toBadapt toCadjust toDrelate to解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：海报上写着：“各行各业的人们都乐于定期捐助希望工程。”subscribe to“定期捐助”；adapt to“适应”；adjust to“适应”；relate to“涉及，与相关”。结合句意，选A。11It is difficult to_ a conversation with someone who only says “Yes” and “No”Akeep upBtake upCmake upDpick up解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。k
38、eep up“保持，继续”；take up“开始从事(新的工作)”；make up“编造”；pick up“捡起，学会，搭载”。句意：和一个只会说“是”与“不是”的人交谈真的很难继续下去。12(2015黄石部分中学联考)The alarm bell _，you slowly open your eyes，and a new day of unknown potential and opportunities lies before you.Agoes offBgoes outCcomes offDcomes out解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：闹铃响起，你慢慢睁开眼睛，眼前又是新的充满未
39、知的可能与机遇的一天。根据句意可知，应选A，表示“发出响声”。go out “出去，熄灭”；come off“脱落，掉下”；come out“泄露，出版，发行”。13During a meeting with other senior officials over the weekend, Premier Li Keqiang _ action to relieve poverty.Apulled awayBcarried outCcalled forDput into解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：在周末的一次与高级官员会晤的会议上，李克强总理要求大家行动起来缓解贫困。pull away
40、“驶离”；carry out“开展，实施”；call for“要求”；put into“投入”。14(2015合肥质检)Im not good at _ peoples mind, so if you should have some requests, let me know.Areading BcrossingCoccupyingDchanging解析：选A。考查动词用法。句意：我不擅长猜测别人的心思，所以如果你有要求的话，请告诉我。read ones mind“猜测某人的心思”，为固定短语，符合句意。15(2015苏锡常镇四市调研)Hello. Id like to have a talk with Mr. Smith staying in your hotel.Im sorry, but he isnt here. He _ this morning.Achecked inBdropped inCchecked outDdropped out解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：你好。我想找住在你们旅馆的史密斯先生。对不起，他不在这里。他今天早上结账(走)了。check out表示“结账离去”，符合语境。check in“登记，报到”；drop in“顺便拜访”；drop out“退出，退学”。