1、第九讲名词性从句一、主语从句引导词连接词(1)that引导的从句作主语时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义，通常不能省去，且常用it作形式主语。That the college will take in more new students is true.It is true that the college will take in more new students.It suddenly occurred to him that he had made a serious mistake.(2)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，译成“是否”，在从句中
2、不作成分。It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time.连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等，有词义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。(2014高考湖北卷)What was so
3、 impressive about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.When the new cinema will be open to the public hasnt been made clear.连接副词when，where，why，how等，有词义，在从句中作状语。Why he came late today has been clear now.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been a
4、nnounced.it作形式主语的句型归纳(1)It系动词形容词that从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported等)that从句(4)It不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句(5)It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/orderedthat从句结构中，从句用“(should)动词原形”。It is certain that your son will do well in his exam.
5、Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.It was suggested that they (should) start at once.It happened to me that I had been away when he called.It is necessary that one(should)master the skill of operating computers so as to meet the need of a job.1(2014高考陕西卷)_ the delayed flight will take
6、 off depends much on the weather.AWhyBWhenCThatDWhat 解析：选B。考查主语从句。句意：那架延误的班机什么时候会起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。分析题意和句子结构可知，这是一个含有主语从句的主从复合句；再分析句子成分可知，主语从句_ the delayed flight will take off缺少状语，不缺少主语或宾语，所以排除C、D两项。that引导主语从句时，不充当句子成分。根据分析可知，此处要表达的是延误的飞机什么时候起飞，由此排除A项，所以选择B项。2(2014高考天津卷)I think _impresses me about his
7、painting is the colours he uses.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwho解析：选A。考查名词性从句中引导词的选择。句意：我认为他的绘画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知，I think后是宾语从句，宾语从句中谓语动词是is，其前是主语从句，主语从句中谓语动词impresses前又缺主语，需用what引导。二、宾语从句引导词连接词(1)that无词义，在从句中不作成分。并且that可以省略。(2014高考新课标全国卷)He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcas
8、e was gone.I went in and askedif/whether there was a John living there.We dont know whether or not she was ready.(2)whether，if意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分。if和whether可互换，后面直接跟or not时用whether不用if；作介词宾语时一般用whether。连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等，有词义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。(2013高考新课标全国卷
9、)Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.连接副词when，where，why，how等，有词义，在从句中作状语。I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.要点归纳(1)否定前移：主句的主语是第一人称单数，谓语为think，believe，suppose，expect等时，其后引导的宾语从句中若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。I
10、dont think I know you.I dont suppose he cares，does he？(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make等后有宾语补足语(形容词或名词)时，需用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(3)在find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，hate，like，owe.to，take.for granted等动词或动词短语和see to(
11、表示“注意，务必”)后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.1(2014高考福建卷)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _youre afraid to do.AthatBwhatChowDwhether解析：选B。考查宾语从句。句意：振作起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知，动词doing后接的是宾语从句，从句中do后缺的是宾语，需用what引导。2(2014高考山东卷)It is difficult fo
12、r us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. AwhereBwhatCwhichDwhy 解析：选B。考查宾语从句。句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代世界奴隶的生活是什么样的。本题中 imagine是及物动词，其后接的从句是宾语从句，而在宾语从句中，介词like后缺宾语，故用what引导宾语从句。三、表语从句引导词连接词(1)that无词义，在从句中不作成分。(2014高考新课标全国卷)The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were foc
13、used on the wrong things.It looks as if its going to rain.(2)whether(是否)引导表语从句时，只能用whether，而不能用if。(3)as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whateve
14、r等，有词义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。(2015四川巴蜀名校联合测试)Everyone is different and that is what makes our world much better.连接副词when，where，why，how等，有词义，在从句中作状语。(2015大连双基测试)When choosing furniture，you only focus on function while I think more about the design.Thats where we differ.要点归纳主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，or
15、der，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语用“(should)动词原形”。His suggestion is that we (should)change our plan.温馨提示表语从句的三个易混句式This/That/It is why结果意为“这/那就是的原因”，why引导的是表语从句。That is why our teacher recommends another interesting course for us.This/That/It is because原因意为“这/那是因为”，because引导表语从句。(2013高考安徽卷)From spa
16、ce，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.The reason why.is that.意为“的原因是”，why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason，that引导表语从句。The reason why he didnt come was that it was raining heavily.1(2014高考四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“Thats_ I was born.”A
17、whenBhowCwhyDwhere解析：选D。考查表语从句。句意：奶奶指着那家医院说，“那就是我出生的地方。”when指时间；how指方式；why指原因；where指地点。由题干中的关键信息the hospital可知，此处是指“我出生的地方”，故用where引导表语从句。2(2014高考江苏卷)What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame，mum. I am _ you have made me.AhowBwhatCthatDwho解析：选B。考查表语从句。句意：真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！妈妈，我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一
18、手造就的。分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。四、同位语从句引导词大多由that引导，也可以由which，what，whether，how，when，where等引导。I had no idea who had stolen the money.He must answer the question whether he agrees to the plan or not.要点归纳(1)同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用，一
19、般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等名词的后面，对名词作进一步的解释。Evidence has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.(2)suggestion，advice，request，order等表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓
20、语动词用“(should)动词原形”。His suggestion that we (should)hold another meeting to discuss the problem was adopted.(3)分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。My wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.1(2014高考重庆卷)Is it true that Mike refused an offer
21、from Yale University yesterday?Yeah，but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.AwhenBwhyCthatDhow解析：选B。考查同位语从句引导词的选择。句意：昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？是的，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。根据thats one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知，“我”不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)所
22、在，故B项正确。2(2013高考浙江卷)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.Ahow Bthat Cwhich Dwhether解析：选B。句意：要取得最高层次的成功，唯一的方法就是要完全相信在体育运动领域你比其他任何人都优秀。have total belief that.完全相信，为固定句式。此处belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导，所以正确答案为B项。扫一扫进
23、入91导学网()the Appositive Clause(1)五、that和what引导名词性从句引导词句法功能词义省略情况that不作任何句子成分无词义引导宾语从句有时可以省略what可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语什么，的事情不能省略It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.总统会采取什么措施来结束这次罢工还不清楚。That Putin visited China led to closer relationship between the two countries.普京访问中国让两国之间的关系更
24、加密切。1(2014高考浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me.AwhatBhowCthatDwhether解析：选A。考查表语从句。句意：“每次你吃甜点的时候，就喝点绿茶。”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。分析句子结构可知，空格后是表语从句，此处需要填写的是表语从句的引导词。表语从句中，tell后接双宾语，故直接宾语用what替代。2(2013高考山东卷)Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while
25、 were away.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat 解析：选D。句意：知道当我们不在家时狗将会受到很好的照顾真好。动词know后是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，用that起连接作用。1People all over the world have a dream_ they will always live a peaceful life.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhen解析：选A。考查同位语从句。句意：全世界的人们都有一个梦想，即总是过和平的生活。_ they will always live a peaceful life为同位语从句，作a dream 的同位语，该
26、从句不缺少任何成分，故选A。2(2015四川部分中学评估)_ cleans your windows doesnt make a good job of it，for there is so much dust on them.AWhoBWhoeverCThe oneDNo matter who解析：选B。句意：无论是谁擦的你的窗户，都干不好这个工作，因为窗户上有太多的灰尘。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，故选whoever。whoeverno matter who，但no matter who不能引导主语从句；who也可以引导主语从句，但其表示的是“不知是谁”，带有疑问的语气。whoev
27、er表示“任何人”。3(2015陕西榆林六校适应性训练)The young couple was having an argument about _ turn it was to do the cooking.AwhoseBwhoCwhenDwhich解析：选A。考查宾语从句。句意：这对夫妇正在争论该轮到谁做饭了。whose引导名词性从句作介词about的宾语，whose在宾语从句中作定语。4(2015陕西咸阳四校联考)What surprised Mr. Lee most was，I think，_ Clement had done his work neatly and correctl
28、y.AwhenBwhatCwhichDthat解析：选D。考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是表语从句，从句句意完整，也不缺成分，故用that。5(2015安徽江南十校联考)Its my treat today. Is there anything particular you would like to have?_ you choose is fine with me.AWhateverBWhichCAnything whatDNo matter what 解析：选A。考查主语从句。句意：今天我请客。你有什么特别想吃的吗？你选择的任何东西对我来说都可以。_you choose为主语
29、从句，whatever等于anything that，意为：的任何东西。如选D项，应改为：No matter what you choose，it is fine with me.(状语从句)。6(2015四川资阳模拟)_ you do will be right because you are a wise and responsible man.AWhatBWhichCWhicheverDWhatever解析：选D。句意：无论你做什么事都是正确的，因为你是一位有智慧且负责的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个主语从句，在从句中作宾语，再结合句意可知此处应用Whatever。7(2015陕西重
30、点中学模拟)The teachers in the school are very kind. It doesnt matter _ you have studied there for a short or a long time.AwhyBhowCwhetherDwhen解析：选C。考查主语从句。句意：这个学校的老师非常友好，你在那里学习的时间是短还是长都没有关系。根据连词or就很容易判断出这里是whether.or“是还是”结构。8The problem is _ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.AwhenBw
31、hatChowDthat解析：选C。考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们如何能在这么短的时间内提高阅读技巧。_ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time作系动词is的表语，根据逻辑，可知设空处表示“方式”，故用how引导。9(2015南京高三模拟)We have offered him the position，but I dont have the slightest idea_ he will accept it.AhowBifCwhetherDthat解析：选C。句意：我们给他提供了这个职位，但是我一点儿都不知道他是否会接受这
32、个职位。根据“I dont have the slightest idea”可知，此处表示不确定，且连词在从句中不充当成分，故选whether表示“是否”。if也可表示“是否”但一般不引导同位语从句。10(2015湖南“五市十校”联考)Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize_ diverse the American culture is.AwhatBhowCthatDwhere解析：选B。考查宾语从句。句意：只有当你亲自来到纽约时，你才会意识到美国文化是多么多种多样。根据“howadj./adv.主语其他部分”
33、可知，应选how。what一般修饰名词，不符合题意和语法结构。11(2015合肥质检)This still leaves the question of _ local public services should be improved in the next five years.AwhoseBhowCwhenDwhere解析：选B。句意：这还留下一个问题，那就是，在接下来的五年里如何改进当地的公共服务。本空需要连词引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语，连词在从句中作方式状语，因此用连接副词how引导这个从句。故选B。12(2015四川“联测促改”测试)Its really none of you
34、r business _ Ill spend my summer holidays with.AwhoBwhichCwhereDhow解析：选A。句意：我将和谁一起过暑假真的不关你的事。此处为主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，因从句中with后的宾语为人，所以用who。13(2015湖南株洲三校模拟)Look！Located in_used to be called ghost wilderness is a modern hospital.AwhatBthatCwhereDhow解析：选A。考查宾语从句。in后面的宾语从句缺少主语，故用what引导。句意：看！一座现代化的医院
35、就建在过去被人称为“鬼魂荒野”的地方。14(2015安徽马鞍山教学质量检测)It is unknown to the public _ the air crash occurred in the mountainous area yesterday.Awhen BwhereCthatDhow解析：选D。考查主语从句。句意：人们不知道昨天在山区的这起飞机坠毁事故是怎么发生的。It为形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语。根据句意可知，此处应使用how表示事故发生的方式。15Your IQ isnt_determines whether you will succeed in your future life.AwhatBwhereCthat Dwhy解析：选A。考查表语从句。句意：你的IQ不是决定你未来是否会成功的东西。what引导表语从句，且what在从句中作主语。扫一扫进入91导学网()Noun Clauses(1)