1、Section Grammar非谓语动词()语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.People have always enjoyed laughing，and there has always been humour.2.Standup is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.3.A standup comedian may tease an audience member，or might decide to tell differe
2、nt jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes.4.He says it is because when he started practising standup as a child，he told himself jokes while standing in front of the mirror，brushing his teeth.5.They could only see him standing there moving his lips.6.Laughing helps
3、 your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.7.To be a good actor，you need to know the vocabulary used on stage.8.The most famous are the Canadian Mark Roswell，known in China as Dashan，and David Moser (Mo Dawei)from the USA.1.以上各句中，非谓语动词作主语的是：6；非谓语动词作宾语的是：1。2.例句3中的非谓语动词在句中作方式状语；例句4中的非谓语动
4、词作伴随状语，且该非谓语动词表示主动和正在进行的动作。3.例句5中宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系。4.从例句2中可以看出，现在分词作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在主动关系；从例句7、8中可以看出过去分词短语作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在被动关系。非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语动词可在句中作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。一、非谓语动词作主语1不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语表示某一次的具体动作、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，而且谓语动词的数通常用单数。To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。To know ev
5、erything is to know nothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。To smoke so much is not very good for you.抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(2)有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作真正主语的动词不定式后置。It is our duty to give as much help as possible.提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。(3)不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb.to do”构成，“介词sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为不定式的逻辑主语。Its difficult for us to finish th
6、e work.对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。Its clever of you to work out the maths problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。名师点津若形容词是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for；若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，用of。即时训练1单句语法填空(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 To stop (stop)the work now seems already impossible.To finish (finish)the work in ten minutes is very hard.It was foolish of yo
7、u to give (give)up what you rightly owned.(2)选词填空：for，ofIt is so kind of you to do me such a good favour.I dont think it right for you to say so absurd a requirement.(3)句型转换To give up smoking is right.It is right to give up smoking.2动名词作主语(1)动名词作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。Saying i
8、s easier than doing.说比做容易。Having seen a lot of the world in ones youth is a good thing.年轻时多见见世面是件好事。Being laughed at in public is what you will never want to happen to you.被当众嘲笑是你永远不想发生在自己身上的事情。(2)动名词作主语时，可位于句首和句末。动名词位于句末时用it作形式主语。常见句型有：It is no use waiting here.在这儿等无济于事。It is worthwhile spending so
9、me time doing this job.花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。(3)动名词作主语时的逻辑主语：动名词作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，“逻辑主语动名词”叫作动名词的复合结构。动名词作主语时，逻辑主语的常见形式：His leaving is a great loss.他的离开是一个巨大的损失。Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match.昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。即时训练2用所给动词的适当形式填空It is no good saying(say)such ugly words to him.Working (work)in these condi
10、tions is not a pleasure but a suffer.It is no use wasting(waste)too much time on such things.His being(be)late made me angry.二、非谓语动词作定语1不定式作定语(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用
11、主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you got anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)Have you got anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)(3)用不定式作定语的几种情况：不定式表将来The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词。He was the best man to do t
12、he job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女运动员。用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗？I have no chanc
13、e to go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。即时训练3(1)单句改错The surgeon has several patients to operate.operate后加on(2)完成句子有很多工作要做。There is a lot of work to do他是最不可依靠的人。He is the last person to depend on要买的那本书已经被他人买走了。The book to be bought has already been bought by another person.该开始春播了。It is already time to start sp
14、ring sowing.2分词作定语现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语时，与所修饰词之间是主动关系。单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词的前面，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。Keep silent in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.保持安静，别惊醒睡觉的小孩。If you see soldiers wearing skyblue helmets，they are United Nations peacekeepers.如果你看见士兵戴着天蓝色的头盔，他们就是联合国维和人员。现在分词的一般式(doing)作定语，表示主动、进行的动作；现在分词一
15、般式的被动语态(being done)作定语时，表示被动、进行的动作。The man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗户旁边的那个人是我们的老师。The bridge being repaired will be in use next month.正在修缮的大桥将于下个月使用。名师点津动名词作定语表示用途，而不是正在进行着的动作。He is now in the sleeping car.He is now in the car for sleeping.他现在在卧车里。即时训练4完成句子判断下列句中动词ing是动名词还是现在分词？(1)He
16、 uses a walking stick to help keep the balance.动名词The men working here are all from the rural areas.现在分词(2)句型转换The building being built now will be our dining hall.The building which is being built now will be our dining hall.过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语时，与所修饰词之间是被动关系。表示被动或完成的动作。The house built last year has bec
17、ome our lab.去年建的那座房子已经成了我们的实验室。English is now an international language，spoken by about 750 million people.英语现在是一门国际语言，约有7.5亿人说英语。即时训练5用所给动词的适当形式填空(湖南高考改编)You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer)to you unless it is based on facts.(重庆高考改编)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras return
18、ed(return)to our shop for quality problems.3不定式的一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)、现在分词的一般被动式(being done)作定语时的区别不定式的一般被动式(to be done)表示将来的被动动作；过去分词(done)表示被动或完成的动作；现在分词的一般被动式(being done)表示被动、进行的动作。Have you read the novel written by Dickens?你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the st
19、udents.听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.明天将要在会上讨论的这个问题非常重要。即时训练6用所给动词的适当形式填空The building to be built(build)next year will be a new school.The building being built(build)now will be a new school.The building built(build)last year is a new s
20、chool now.三、非谓语动词作补语1一般情况下，不定式作宾补常指动作是将来发生的，现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行，而过去分词作宾补常表示被动完成。The children asked their parents to take them to the park.孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.忽然他听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。When they got there，they found the house burnt down.当他们到那儿时，发现房子已全部被烧毁。2感官动词后，如se
21、e，watch，look at，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel及部分表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have，make，let跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中作主补的不定式要加上有相应的被动结构to。另外notice/watch sb./sth.do。Though he had often made his sister cry，today he was made to cry by his sister.尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，但今天却被他妹妹弄哭了。名师点津(1)感官动词后跟分词和动词不定式作宾补的区别：如果感官动词后的宾语和分词之间
22、是主动关系或表示正在进行的动作或动作的一个片段，则用现在分词；是主动关系又表示全过程时，则用省略to的动词不定式；如果是被动关系，且动作已经完成，则用过去分词。(2)使役动词leave，have，get可跟三种非谓语形式作补语，但意义不同。即时训练7用所给动词的适当形式填空I asked him to buy(buy)a torch when he came here.What caused him to change(change)his mind?Youd better speak louder in order to make yourself heard(hear)She was fo
23、und reading(read)at the school gate this morning.单句语法填空1Learning(learn)a language requires time and effort.2It is not always easy to refuse(refuse)invitations.3. To save/Saving(save)money now seems impossible.4To answer correctly is more important than to finish(finish)quickly.5How to solve(solve)th
24、e problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.6Do you consider it any good trying(try)again?7How about the price list？Does it have a guarantee to go(go)with it?8I dont remember his telling(tell)us about it.9Her wish is to become(become)an engineer.10Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa
25、，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take)good care of at home.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1Know basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.KnowKnowing2Let those in need to understand that we will go all out to help them.去掉第一个to3When we saw the road blocking with snow，we dec
26、ided to spend the holiday at home.blockingblocked4It is necessary of children to have regular meals.offor5It is no use to complaining about that.去掉to6I would like to attend your party，but I have something finish.finish前加to7Miss Li got Henry clean the blackboard.clean前加to8It carries articles writing by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.writingwritten9After hear my reasons，they all agreed to my proposal.hearhearing10Literary books are worth read because they can help us to know more about the society and life.readreading