1、动词语态一.不同时态的被动语态 被动语态由be+过去分词”构成，人称，树，时态都通过be动词的变化来体现 一般现在时的被动语态由am/is/are+过去分词”构成； 一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+过去分词”构成； 现在进行时的被动语态由“am/is/are being+过去分词”构成； 过去完成时的被动语态由“have/has been+过去分词”构成； 过去完成时的被动语态由“had been+过去分词”构成； 一般将来时的被动语态由“will/shall+be+过去分词”构成。如： Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. When I
2、 got to his home,I was told that he had gone to Beijing. Look,the old temple is being rebuilt. Some new stars have been discovered. His new book will be published next month. It was the first time he had bitten by a dog.二.含有情态动词的被动语态 由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。如： The mistake youve made must be corrected at o
3、nce. Whole attention should be given to what you are doing. Can such a thing be prevented from happening again？（1）look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove等连系动词总是用主动形式表示被动 含义（因为连系动词不及物，不能用于被动语态）。如： His explaination sounds al right. The soup tastes very nice. (2)类似于be difficult to do 结构中的不定式通常用主动表示被动含义。如： Sh
4、e was difficult to understand at times. 能用于此结构的形容词主要有convenient,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard, impossible,interesting,nice,pleasant,safe,unpleasant等。这类句子结 构的特点是句子的主语必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语。如： Your handwriting is impossible to read. (3)类似于have sth. to do结构的不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如： Mother has a lot of housework to d
5、o. 能用于此结构的形容词主要有have,need,want,would like,get等。这类结构 的特点是，不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，若不定式的主语不是句子的 主语，则应用被动式，比较： I have some books to take to school. I have some books to be taken to school. (4)在tooto do sth.和enough to do sth.这两个句子结构中，若句子主语 与其后不定式to do sth.为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动 意义。如： The box is too heavy to mov
6、e. 有时也用被动式。如： He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. (5)在be worth doing 中，doing 总是用主动形式表示被动意义。 The children is not worth teaching. 注：若换成用it做主语，则不存在被动关系，所以也就谈不上主动表被动。 如：Its not worth teaching the children. (6)在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后接动名词用主动形式表被 动意义（若接不定式，要用被动式表被动意义）。如： The h
7、ouse wants painting(=to be painted). The floor requires washing(=to be washed). (7)当open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用 做不及物动词时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。表示主语的某种属性。如： The door wont shut. The door wont be shut. (8)有时尽管在汉语中有被动意义，但由于用相应的英语表达他们时为不及物动 词，没有被动语态形式，则只好用主动形式来表示被动意义。如： Her coat
8、 caught on the nail. What he said did not really come across. SARS broke out in Hong Kong in the winter of 2002. Great changes have taken place in our schoolin the past three years, (9)不定式to blame,to let用作表语时，通常用主动形式表被动意义。如： Nobody is to blame for it. These rooms are to let.四.get done表示被动的用法。 被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。 如：The bookcase got damaged when we were moving. The workers in our school usually get paid by the month.