1、2012届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解（101-105）附详析 (第101篇)How Room Designs Affect Our Work and FeelingsArchitects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical (经验的，实证的) basis. They are discovering how to de
2、sign spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota，reported that the height of a rooms ceiling affects how people think. Her resea
3、rch indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupants ability to c
4、oncentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically
5、, and it seems to according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, l
6、anguage arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. R
7、esearchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so were_almost_looking_at_the_problem_through_a_straw_(吸管)，” architect David Allison
8、says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? Thats what were all struggling with.”语篇解读建筑师认为房子的设计可影响居住者的思想、情绪、行为，对此科学家进行了理论上的论证。1. What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?A. Light. B. Ceilings.C. Windows. D. Furniture.解析事实细节题。由第二段“.the
9、 height of a rooms ceiling affects how people think.”可知选B。答案B2. The passage tells us that_.A. the shape of furniture may affect peoples feelingsB. lower ceilings may help improve students creativityC. children in a dim classroom may improve their gradesD. students in rooms with unblocked views may f
10、eel relaxed解析事实细节题。B、C均属于与事实相反的选项；D项属于移花接木式的错误，由文章倒数第二段最后一句“furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax”可知。答案A3The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that_.A. the problem is not approached step by stepB. the researches so far have faults in themselvesC. the problem i
11、s too difficult for researchers to detectD. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns解析猜测词义题。根据“We have a very limited number of studies.”及“How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad，generalized use of hem？”可知，对这个地区的研究不足以制定出大众化的模式。答案D4. Which of the foll
12、owing shows the organization of the passage?CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point (次要点)C: Conclusion解析推理判断题。根据文章结构先总述房子的设计影响人的创造性、专注性以及休闲性，再分述这三方面，并对第二方面加以分点阐述，最后得出结论：经初步研究结论成立，但我们的研究远远不足，还将继续努力。答案C (第102篇)Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official na
13、ming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names：One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits die-hard,_ and the
14、place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.Many roads and places in Singapore(新加坡) are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in
15、many countriesin both the West and the East.Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The
16、 mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road
17、 is an interesting example. “Bras Basah” means “ wet rice” in Malay (马来语). Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”？The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Ro
18、ad” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes，like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent(月牙)because it begins on the main road，makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.语篇解读本文议论世界上不同地区的人们以类似的方式为地点命名，如：以先驱者的名字命名；以其他地点的名字命名；以活动的名称命名；以形
19、状命名等。1. We learn from Paragraph 1 that_.A. the government is usually the first to name a placeB. many places tend to have more than one nameC. a ceremony will be held when a place is namedD. people prefer the place names given by the government解析推理判断题。从第一段第四句Frequently it happens that a place has tw
20、o names：One is named.推论可知。答案B2. What does the underlined phrase “ die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly.B. Change significantly.C. Disappear mysteriously.D. Disappear very slowly.解析猜测词义题。从die hard后句.and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meanin
21、g is lost.的意思可判断die hard的词义应为：消失得很慢。答案D3. Which of the following places is named after a person?A. Raffles Place. B. Selector Airbase.C. Piccadilly Circus. D. Paya Lebar Crescent.解析事实细节题。根据第二段的第一句(特别是pioneers“先驱者”一词)和第二句的内容得知：Raffles Place应是指先驱者的名字。答案A4. Bras Basah Road is named_.A. after a person B
22、. after a placeC. after an activity D. by its shape解析事实细节题。根据第四段第一句和第二句内容很明确地判断：Bras Basah是活动名称。答案C5. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.B. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.C. The way Singaporeans name their place
23、s is unique.D. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.解析推理判断题。从第三段最后一句可知。Piccadilly Circus皮卡迪利广场(即伦敦戏院及娱乐中心)。答案A (第103篇)Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the import
24、ance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptionsmistaken ideas.One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that ones own cultures way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. Its ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocen
25、trism, its necessary to study the different elements (组成部分) of culture：language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.LanguageA knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly.Second, people are usually more open in
26、 their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly.Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.Values and AttitudesValues are peoples basic beliefs about the d
27、ifference between right and wrong, good and bad. An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example，many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot o
28、f it.Customs and MannersCustoms are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad (色拉) before the main course at dinner, not after. Its not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Fa
29、ilure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesnt sell well because the French dont usually drink juice with breakfast.语篇解读成功的国际商人之所以能取得成功，一个重要原因是他们能够理解不同的民族文化，并能够根据不同
30、的文化而改变自己的行为。针对如何避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”，文章就态度和价值观及风俗习惯等几方面提出了建议。1A knowledge of the local language allows international business people_.A. to be more open with their customersB. to communicate without outside helpC. to express their thoughts indirectlyD. to have a better idea of their own culture解析事实细节
31、题。由第三段中的First，people can communicate directly.可知本题选B。答案B2The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of_.A. mannersB. valuesC. attitudes D. customs解析推理判断题。由Values and Attitudes这一部分An attitude is a way of thinking or acting.可知答案为C。答案C3What would be the best title for the tex
32、t?A. Misconceptions in BusinessB. Basic Beliefs in BusinessC. International Business CultureD. Successful International Business解析主旨大意题。第二段是文章的主题段，由本段可知本题选C。答案C4The authors purpose of writing this article is to tell people_.A. how to take a right attitude in businessB. how to avoid misunderstandings
33、 in businessC. how to use a local language in businessD. how to act politely and properly in business解析推理判断题。由第二段可知作者的写作意图是针对如何避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”提出建议，故本题选B。答案B (第104篇)“Get your hands off me , I have been stolen，” the laptop，a portable computer, shouted. That is a new solution to laptop computer the
34、ft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken.The program allows users to display alerts on the missing computer s screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the fir
35、st that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.Owners must report their laptop missing by visiting a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow “lost or stolen” sign appears on its screen when it is started.Under the latest version(版本) of the software, users can als
36、o send a spoken message.The message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the thief closes it. “One customer sent a message saying，You are being tracked. I am right at your door ，” said Carrie Hafeman, chief executive of the company which produces the program, Retriever.I
37、n the latest version, people can add a spoken message.For example, the laptop s speakers will say: “Help, this laptop is reported lost or stolen. If you are not my owner, report me now.”The Retriever software package, which costs $ 29.95 but has a free trial period, has the functions of many securit
38、y software programs.Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details.If a thief accesses the internet with the stolen laptop, Retriever will collect information on the internet service provider in use, so that the police can be
39、 alerted to its location.Thousands of laptops are stolen every year from homes and offices, but with the use of laptops increasing, the number stolen while their owners are out and about has been rising sharply.Other security software allows users to erase data remotely or lock down the computer.语篇解
40、读随着社会的发展，使用手提电脑的人越来越多，而盗窃手提电脑的行为也变得猖獗。本文介绍了一种新版本的电脑软件，电脑拥有者能够在程序中输入声音，一旦电脑被盗，只要被打开，它就会有规律地提醒盗贼，电脑不是他的，或者帮助主人发泄愤怒。5The expression “to give the thief a piece of their mind” can be understood as“_”A. to give the thief an alert mindB. to express the owners anger to the thiefC. to remind the thief of his
41、 conscienceD. to make the thief give up his mind解析细节推理题。根据文章第一段中的“Get your hands off me，I have been stolen”和下文第四段中的“You are being tracked.I am right at your door.”可推测出被盗者是很生气的，他通过电脑软件设计出的言语来表达自己的愤怒。所以答案选B。答案B6Different from other security software, Retriever can_.A. record the stealing processB. hel
42、p recognize the lost laptopC. lock down the computer remotelyD. send a spoken message解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句话“In the latest version，people call add a spoken message.”可知D项正确。A项没有提及；B项的recognize表述错误；C项不是这种新的安全程序所特有的，故答案为D。答案D7One function of the program is that it allows the owner to_at a distance.A. chang
43、e some access details for switching on the laptopB. turn on the laptop by using the original passwordC. operate the laptop by means of an alternative passwordD. erase the information kept in the stolen laptop解析细节理解题。根据文章第六段的最后一句话“Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear tha
44、t the thief has also got hold of the access details.”可知A项正确。答案A8Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. With no Retriever, thousands of laptops are stolen every year.B. A new software provides a means to reduce laptop theft.C. Retriever has helped to find thieves an
45、d lost computers.D. A new program offers a communication platform with the thief.解析主旨大意题。这篇文章主要介绍了一种新的电脑软件，它可以提供多种安全程序，使得电脑偷盗者无处藏身，从而减少电脑被盗。A项太绝对了；C项只是文章的一个小的方面，并不是主题；D项表述错误，不符合文章的意思。答案B (第105篇)TimetableMondays to FridaysOxforadLondon PaddingtonOxford London PaddingtonOxford London Paddington0905 10
46、01 1115 12140948 1042 1145 12441005 1104 1200 12561035 1134 1215 1314Membership(会员)CardFriends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE00136789Valid until 23 May 2010Name: Miss EM. DriscollBox Office: 10865 305305 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your member
47、ship number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets.Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof (证明) of membership please keep it safe at all times.Menu French Slam$4.29French toast, two eggs any style，two pieces of bacon and t
48、wo sausage links.Sandwich with Salad or Soup$4.35Chicken breast on bread.Served with your choice of garden salad，Caesar salad，vegetable beef or soup of the day.The Classic Hamburger$4.99Over 1/3 pound. Topped with tomato, red onions and cheese.ChickenFried Steak$5.09A southern style! Goldenfried and
49、 covered with French cheese.The Super Bird$5.49Thin flat pieces of chicken breast with Swiss cheese, bacon and tomato on bread.Chinese Chicken Salad$5.99Chicken breast, mushrooms, green peppers, and onions. Topped with tomatoes and fried noodles. Served with bread.语篇解读文章介绍了四则广告。1Which of the followi
50、ng is true of the membership card?A. Its number is 10865 305305.B. It belongs to Mr. E. M. Driscoll.C. It is valid through the year of 2010.D. It gets the owner a discount when used.解析细节判断题。由第二则广告中的“When booking always ask for your Friends Discount”可得出答案。答案D2If one wants to attend a business lunch i
51、n London at 1200, the latest train that he should take at Oxford leaves at_.A. 1145B. 1115C. 1035 D. 1005解析细节理解题。根据题干所给的条件，12点在伦敦参加商业午餐(宴)，那么在12点之前就要到达伦敦，在第一则广告中可知，10点35分由牛津发出的这趟车符合要求。答案C3If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what may be your choice?A. French Slam.B. ChickenFried Steak.C. T
52、he Super Bird.D. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.解析细节理解题。由第四则广告中“Sandwich with Salad or Soup”的内容可得出答案。答案D4The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008，_.A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 pointsB. the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase解析细节理解题。由第三则广告中的柱状图可知，D项是正确的。答案D