1、Section Reading for Writing 学范文通技法它山之石，可以攻玉范文诠释教材原文The Daily NewsTSUNAMI HITS ASIA：OVER 6，500 DEADBy Robert WoodhouseMonday, 27 December 2004The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people in Indone
2、sia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7：00 am., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Isla
3、nd.In that area alone, at least 1，870 people were killed.In Sri Lanka, some 1，600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2，498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said.Indian officials said as many as 1，900 had been killed along the so
4、uthern coast.Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.In southern Thailand, 1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said.“I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to
5、safety，” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunamihit countries.However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficul
6、t to deliver food and supplies.名师论道学语言第一段1.本段第二句中用“sweep”一词要比使用“wash”更合适，形象地表达出了海浪造成破坏的严重程度。2.本段第一句中使用了 that引导的定语从句(that crashed into coastlines .)，现在分词短语作状语(killing more than 6，500 people .)；第二句使用了过去分词短语作定语(caused by the strong earthquake .)以及that引导的定语从句(that reached a magnitude .)，这些高级句式的运用使得文章精彩纷
7、呈。第二、三段1.文中第三段第一句中用“Thousands of”一词表达了海啸危害的人数之多。2.第二、三段主要使用了被动语态；be doing .when, makeit形容词to do sth等高级句式彰显了较强的语言功底。学结构第一段主要从总体上介绍了海啸发生的时间、地点及破坏程度，各句之间衔接紧凑，逻辑清晰。第二、三段主要运用and, however等衔接词从细节方面详细介绍了海啸造成的破坏。写作技法一、题型特点概要写作是一种要求阅读和写作并重的英语高考新题型，有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写一篇6
8、0词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文，又要完全概括出文章的中心大意。二、注意事项1.词数限制在60词左右，上下限不得超出10个单词。2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬、照抄原文。三、写作步骤第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)概要写作的第一步便是通读全文，进而提取主旨大意，即有关文章的主要内容或作者在该文中的观点或主张。阅读语篇时，根据不同文体的文章可采取以下方法：记叙文圈出记叙文的六要素(who、when、whe
9、re、what、how、why)；如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意说明文找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议议论文提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论) 第二步：提炼关键词汇1.细读各个段落，找出关键词，区别段落中哪些是main ideas，哪些是supporting ideas, examples 和additional information。通常是在与文章主旨相关的句子中提炼关键词。正确找出关键词汇是概要写作最重要的前提和保障。2.不要包括过多详细的信息、细节性的信息，如数字、举例等不必一一列出。第三步：合并和改写1.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联
10、系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧密，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。2.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模地改变(改词、换句型)。第四步：核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but, then, later, finally, besides, thus, therefore, yet); 核查标点和语法；核查词数，并最终连句成文。 仿佳作找差距巧借外力，事半功倍题目要求阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Your hunger doesnt necessarily mean
11、you are really hungry.It is an important sign of what is happening in your body physically, emotionally and mentally.Sounds strange? It is true and here in this article we shall discuss certain things that your hunger is trying to tell you.When you feel hungry, try to figure out if you are really hu
12、ngry.Sometimes when you think that you are hungry, you might be thirsty.It is possible that you have been dehydrated (脱水) for a long time and your body is sending a signal through your hunger.So instead of eating, go for water and quench your thirst at the earliest.If you feel hungry all the time, i
13、t could mean that you are depriving (剥夺) yourself of certain foods and hence the body is craving for these.If you are on a strict diet, then go for foods and legumes rich in protein along with complex carbohydrates (碳水化合物) like quinoa and brown rice that will take you a long time to digest and will
14、keep you full for a long period of time.You might get hungry for a certain kind of food only at times.This is because you become emotional about certain foods.For example, if you are happy and celebrating your anniversary, you might end up having a desire for the cake that you brought to celebrate t
15、he special occasion.This is called emotional eating.Sometimes your hunger might mean that you need to take a break.When you end up working at a stretch, and you do not realise that your body needs rest, you can end up feeling hungry as it is a way your body is telling you to break free from work.Som
16、etimes when you are bored or stressed out, you might feel hungry.It is the bodys way of telling you that you need a change of scene.Go out, take a walk, talk to your dearest friend or simply take some deep breaths.Even after this, if you feel hungry, do eat.仿写步骤Step 1归纳主旨大意主旨大意：文章主要介绍了饥饿的五个信号。这些信号产生
17、的时候我们不一定是真的饿了，可能是你的身体有别的需求。文章结构：Paragraph 1：Things yourhunger is tryingto tell youStep 2提炼关键词Paragraph 1：1Your hunger doesnt necessarily mean you are really hungry.2We shall discuss certain things that your hunger is trying to tell you.Paragraph 2：3Sometimes when you think that you are hungry, you m
18、ight be thirstyParagraph 3：4If you feel hungry all the time, it could mean that you are depriving yourself of certain foods and hence the body is craving for these.Paragraph 4：5You might get hungry for a certain kind of food only at times.6This is called emotional eatingParagraph 5：7Your hunger migh
19、t mean that you need to take a breakParagraph 6：8Sometimes when you are bored or stressed out, you might feel hungryStep 3合并和改写1要点1和2合并：Your hunger doesnt necessarily mean you are really hungry.However, it is trying to tell you other things.改写：Many factors can explain why your hunger doesnt necessar
20、ily mean you are really hungry.2要点3和4合并：Being thirsty or having a desire for certain foods may make you feel hungry.改写：When you are thirsty or having a desire for a certain food, you will feel hungry3要点5和6合并：Sometimes, you might get hungry for a certain kind of food, which is called emotional eating
21、.改写：You might be hungry when you become emotional about certain foods on some special occasions.4要点7和8合并：Other factors, such as lack of rest or being bored or stressed out, make you feel hungry.改写：Lack of rest or feeling bored or stressed out can also lead to your hungerStep 4核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核
22、查标点和语法；核查词数并最终连接成文。Many factors can explain why your hunger doesnt necessarily mean you are really hungry.(要点1)First, when you are thirsty or having a desire for a certain food, you will feel hungry.(要点2)Besides, you might be hungry when you become emotional about certain foods on some special occas
23、ions.(要点3)Moreover, lack of rest or feeling stressed out can also lead to your hunger.(要点4)1crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n撞车；碰撞(教材p.54)The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday .昨天，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带。crash into/onto .撞到里/上with
24、a crash轰隆一声佳句A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.许多旅客在火车相撞事故中丧生了。练透单句语法填空The car crashed onto a big stone and burst into flames.The tree fell with a great crash all of a sudden.写美 补全句子A plane crashed yesterday on the mountain near the city.昨天一架飞机在城市附近的山上坠毁了。2wave n海浪；波浪；挥手vi.& vt.挥手；招
25、手(教材p.54)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走。wave goodbye to sb向某人挥手告别向某人挥手佳句She refused the offer with a wave of her hand.她摆摆手拒绝了这一提议。练透单句语法填空/补全句子The policeman waved
26、 the driver to stop (stop).I waved goodbye to him, but he ignored me.我向他挥手告别，但他不理我。写美 一句多译公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。He waved to/at us as the bus drove off.(wave v)He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.(wave n)3strike vi.& vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；突然想到n.罢工；罢课；袭击(教材p.54)The undersea quake struck a
27、round 7：00 am., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.海底地震在周日上午7时许在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域爆发。(1)be struck by . 被打动某人突然想起(2)be/go on strike举行罢工佳句All the international students were deeply struck by my introduction.所有的国际学生都被我的介绍深深地迷住了。练透写出下列句子中strike的词性及含义The visitors were struck by the beau
28、ty of the West Lake.vt.迷住That area was struck by a snowstorm.vt.侵袭They were on strike for higher pays.n.罢工写美一句多译我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。It struck me that the phone number I had told them was wrong.(strike)It occurred to me that the phone number I had told them was wrong.(occur)It hit me that the phone nu
29、mber I had told them was wrong.(hit)4deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表(教材p.54)However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物质补给将非常困难。(1)deliver sth (to sb)(给某人)递送/传送某物(2)deliver a speech发表演讲/致辞生孩子deliver a baby接生佳句The nurse deliver
30、ed the twins safely last night.昨天晚上那位护士安全地接生了一对孪生儿。练透单句语法填空It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.I wonder why you refused to deliver (deliver) my letters to my home last week.写美 补全句子He delivered the opening speech at the opening ceremony of the 2018 World Cup.他在201
31、8年世界杯的开幕式上致了开幕词。5(教材p.55) effect n影响；结果；效果(1)have an effect on/upon对产生影响come into effect生效side effect副作用(2)effective adj.有效的；有影响的佳句While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但并不是所有的影响都是积极的。练透单句语法填空The measures taken by the local government
32、will come into effect next month.In my opinion, go outdoors and play team games with your friends, which is an effective (effect) way to get rid of anger.写美 补全句子There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect on the children不可否认，读书会对儿童有良好的影响。1句型公式：be doing sth when .正在做某事这时(教材p.54)I was
33、having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时海水开始灌入屋内。when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有：be doing sth when .正在做某事这时be about to do sth when .be on the point of doing sth when . 正要做某事，这时had just done sth when . 刚做过某事这时佳句 Last Monday, I was walking in the street
34、when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。练透 补全句子She was walking along the bank of the river when she heard a cry for help.她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到呼救声。I had just turned on the computer when my parents came back.我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。写美 句型转换Seated in the classroom, I was on
35、the point of taking my books out when suddenly I became frozen.Seated in the classroom, I was about to take my books out when suddenly I became frozen.2句型公式：makeit形容词/名词(宾语补足语)to do/that从句(教材p.54)However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由
36、于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。(1)makeit形容词/名词不定式/that从句，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式或that从句。find、 feel、 think、 take等动词也有这样的用法。(2)make宾语宾语补足语，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语、不带to的不定式等。佳句To make it easy to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.为了容易与我们联系，你最好将这张卡放在手边。练透单句语法填空/句型转换The police made the nau
37、ghty guy stand (stand) against the wall.The man spoke loudly to make himself heard (hear).I find it is hard to remember these words in a short time.I find it hard to remember these words in a short time.(it作形式宾语)写美补全句子I must make it clear that I will make every effort to win the medal.我必须表明，我会尽全力赢得奖
38、牌。点津当“make宾语do sth”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。维度一：品句填词1Her beauty struck (打动) him deeply and he decided to marry her.2There is a summary (总结) at the end of each chapter.3Several hours later，the little boy was rescued with the aid/help (帮助) of the police.4They asked the little boy to sweep(打扫) the room clean
39、.5There were so many goods on 11 November and it took a long time to deliver (递送) them.6The driver lost control of the car by accident and crashed (碰，撞) into a tree.7It is very important to keep calm when an earthquake breaks out.8In the car crash yesterday, only one of the five people survived维度二：单
40、句语法填空1Although it looks something like a volcanic eruption (erupt), this is actually a picture of a dust storm.2I have to believe that encouragement is so powerful (power) that it can change a person.3The fish can grow to a length (long) of four feet.4Whats more, it is another effective (effect) way
41、 to deal with the problem.5Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself (you)down.6The motorcycle ran so fast that it crashed into the fence.7A man in the river was shouting and waving (wave) his arms around desperately.8Heavy floods struck (strike) the South last week, causing great damage to
42、 the local people.9Milk is delivered (deliver) to our door every morning.10In the past few years, the village has taken (take) on a new look.维度三：固定搭配和句式1We all know that playing with the smartphone for a long time has a bad effect on our eyesight我们都知道，长时间玩手机对我们的视力有不好的影响。2I was about to give up when
43、my best friend encouraged me to go on.我正要放弃，那时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。3And yet，as many as a quarter of the students havent even finished high school.而现在，有多达四分之一的学生甚至都没有完成高中阶段的教育。4He didnt come to attend her birthday party, making her very sad他没来参加她的生日晚会，这使她非常伤心。5It hit/occured to/struck me that I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift.我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。6People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.在西方，人们常在圣诞节给亲朋好友购买礼物。