1、Section Discovering Useful StructuresGrammar附加疑问句1Everything has gone wrong, hasnt it?2He must be in his room now, isnt he?3Neither of you will have coffee, will you?4Listen to me carefully, will/wont you?5I believe he can make it, cant he?6That isnt important, is it?Yes, it is./No, it isnt.7Dont ma
2、ke much noise, will you?我的发现(1)当主语是this、 that、 everything、 something、 nothing、 anything、不定式、动名词或从句时，附加疑问部分中的代词用it。如上述句1和句6。(2)当陈述部分中含有情态动词must时，附加疑问部分要根据must在陈述部分中的意义决定。如上述句2。(3)陈述部分中用了表示否定或半否定的词时，附加疑问部分用肯定形式。如neither、 none、 nobody、 nothing、 few、 little、 never、 hardly、 seldom等。如上述句3。(4)肯定的祈使句的附加疑问部分
3、用will/wont you，如上述句4；否定的祈使句的附加疑问部分用will you，如上述句7。(5)当主句主语是第一人称，并且谓语部分为think、 believe、 imagine、 suppose等且后有从句时，附加疑问部分一般与从句的谓语一致，如上述句5。(6)回答附加疑问句时，事实是肯定的，回答用“yes肯定的简略句”；事实是否定的，回答用“no否定的简略句”，形式要一致，如上述句6。一、附加疑问句的基本概念1附加疑问句的概述附加疑问句就是对陈述部分所叙述的事情提出相反疑问的问句。主要表示以礼貌或委婉的语气提出要求、询问或确认信息等。读时前半部分用降调，后半部分既可用升调也可用降
4、调。通常情况下，用升调时，多表示疑问或请求；用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。2附加疑问句的基本构成形式附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述部分和附加疑问部分。两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。陈述部分为肯定句时，附加疑问部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定句时，附加疑问部分用肯定式。You are a student, arent you?你是一个学生，是吗？He doesnt like ice cream, does he?他不喜欢冰淇淋，是吗？点津(1)若陈述部分含有seldom、 hardly、 never、 few、 nothing等否定词或半否定词，附加疑问部分要用肯定式。(2)若陈述部分含有带否定
5、前缀的词，附加疑问部分仍用否定式。He has few friends here, has he?他在这儿几乎没有朋友，是吗？She said nothing, did she?她什么也没说，是不是？It is unfair, isnt it?这不公平，是吗？即时演练一完成下列附加疑问句You cant speak French, can you?They work there, dont they?Mary likes playing basketball in her spare time, doesnt she?This will not be mentioned at the meet
6、ing, will it?二、附加疑问句的具体用法1附加疑问部分的主语问题(1)基本原则：附加疑问部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致，且只能是代词。误：Mary is a nurse, isnt Mary?正：Mary is a nurse, isnt she?玛丽是护士，对吗？(2)当陈述部分为there be句型时，附加疑问部分的主语仍用there。There was nothing in the room, was there?房间里什么也没有，是吗？(3)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时，附加疑问部分的主语用it、 they等代词。That is a new car, isnt it?那是一辆
7、新汽车，是吗？(4)当陈述部分的主语是somebody、 someone、 everyone、 everybody、 no one、 nobody等复合不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语用he/they；当陈述部分的主语是 something、 anything、 nothing、 everything等复合不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语要用it。Nobody was late, were they?没有一个人迟到，是吗？Everything is ready, isnt it?一切都准备好了，是吗？Nothing is important, is it?没有什么重要的，是吗？(5)当陈述部分的主
8、语为动名词、不定式或从句时，附加疑问部分的主语用it。Swimming is great fun, isnt it?游泳非常有趣，是吗？即时演练二完成下列附加疑问句This is a lovely card, isnt it?To swim in such cold water is crazy, isnt it?What he did really scared you, didnt it?Nobody understood his speech, did they/he?There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?2陈述部分有动
9、词have的附加疑问句(1)当have为助动词时，附加疑问部分用同样的助动词。He has already left, hasnt he?他已经离开了，是吗？(2)当have为实义动词时，要分两种情况：若表示“所有”，附加疑问部分可以用have，也可以用do；但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式，附加疑问部分用have 还是用do，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。He has a lot of friends here, hasnt/doesnt he?在这儿他有许多朋友，是吗？He hasnt any money, has he?他没有钱，是吗？He doesnt have any money,
10、does he?他没有钱，是吗？若表示“吃；玩”等意思，附加疑问部分要用do。He has supper at 5, doesnt he?他5点吃晚餐，是吗？He had a good time at the party, didnt he?他在晚会上玩得很开心，是吗？即时演练三完成下列附加疑问句He has a car, hasnt/doesnt he?Jack had dinner with his mother at home yesterday，didnt he?You havent a penfriend, have you?3含情态动词的附加疑问句(1)基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈
11、述部分含有情态动词时，附加疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词。He can speak English, cant he?他会说英语，是吗？We shouldnt go, should we?我们不应该去，对不对？(2)当陈述部分含有must时，要分两种情况：若must表示“必须”，附加疑问部分用 mustnt 或neednt；但是若陈述部分有mustnt表示禁止，附加疑问部分要用must。You must leave at once, mustnt/neednt you?你必须(有必要)马上离开，是吗？You mustnt laugh, must you?你不准笑，知道吗？若must表示推测，
12、附加疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。He must be tired, isnt he?他一定累了，是吗？当must用来对过去的情况进行“推测”(musthave done)时，如强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去的时间状语)，附加疑问部分用didnt主语；如果强调动作的完成(没有时间状语)，附加疑问部分用havent/hasnt主语。He must have finished homework, hasnt he?他一定完成作业了，不是吗？He must have been in the park yesterday, wasnt he?昨天他一定在公园
13、，是吗？即时演练四完成下列附加疑问句Students mustnt be late, must they?You must have told her about it, havent you?His parents must have been hard on him when he was young, werent they?4陈述部分为祈使句的附加疑问句(1)基本原则：若陈述部分为肯定的祈使句，附加疑问部分通常用will/wont you，若陈述部分为否定的祈使句，附加疑问部分用will you。Please help us, will/wont you?请帮帮我们，好吗？Dont f
14、orget to post the letter, will you?别忘了寄信，好吗？(2)当祈使句为Lets .时，附加疑问部分用shall we。Lets go there together, shall we?我们一起去那里，好吗？即时演练五完成下列附加疑问句Dont talk like that, will you?Lets go and have a rest, shall we?Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom, will/wont you?5陈述部分为主从复合句的附加疑问句(1)当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部
15、分一般应与主句保持一致。He knows where I live, doesnt he?他知道我住在什么地方，是不是？(2)当陈述部分为I think (believe, imagine, suppose) that .等时，附加疑问部分通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移)。I think that it is too short, isnt it?我认为它太短了，对不对？I dont think he will come, will he?我认为他不会来，对吗？点津这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情况。即时演练六完成下列附加疑问句We dont believe
16、 we were defeated, were we?I dont think it is good, is it?They said that the plan worked, didnt they?It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, does it?6几种特殊情况的附加疑问句(1)当陈述部分是Im .时，附加疑问部分通常用arent I。Im wrong, arent I?我错了，是吗？(2)当陈述部分有had better时，附加疑问部分用hadnt主语。Hed better leave here, hadnt he?
17、他最好离开这儿，是吗？(3)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，附加疑问部分用didnt/usednt主语。He used to come here, usednt/didnt he?他过去常来这儿，是吗？即时演练七完成下列附加疑问句Im as tall as your sister, arent I?He used to take pictures there, didnt/usednt he?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?7附加疑问句的回答在回答这类问句时，不管其陈述部分是肯定的还是否定的，事实是肯定的，回答用“yes肯定的简略句”；
18、事实是否定的，回答用“no否定的简略句”，形式要一致。陈述部分是否定形式时，答语中的yes译成“不”，no译成 “是”。He wants to go, doesnt he?Yes, he does./No, he doesnt.他想去，是吗？是的，他想去。/不，他不想去。That isnt a useful book, is it?Yes, it is./No, it isnt.那不是一本有用的书，是吗？不，它是一本有用的书。/是的，它不是一本有用的书。即时演练八根据汉语提示完成下列附加疑问句There are many people in the hall, arent there?Yes,
19、 there are (是的，有).No, there arent (不，没有).We havent been informed, have we?Yes, we have (不，我们接到通知了).No, we havent (是，我们还没有接到通知).维度一：基础题型练完成下列附加疑问句。1Your parents had a long talk with you last night, didnt they?2Everyone has advised you not to go on a diet, havent they/hasnt he?3Shopping isnt what you
20、want to do, is it?4Everything seems all right, doesnt it?5You must have got the letter when you were in the office, didnt you?6She seldom argues with others, does she?7They are hopeless, arent they?8Dont play with fire, will you?9Lets go home, shall we?10They told me it was not true, didnt they?11Th
21、ere is nobody outside, is there?12He knows little about it, does he?Yes，he does/No, he doesnt.维度二：语法与写作1让我们听老师提到的广播节目，好吗？Lets listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned，shall we?2你觉得你很滑稽，是吗？You think youre funny, dont you?3充分利用我们的业余时间，好吗？Make good use of our spare time, will/wont you?4没有
22、人相信他的工作多么困难，不是吗？Nobody believes how difficult his work is, do they?5不要忘记明天早点起床，好吗？Dont forget to get up early tomorrow, will you?6我认为他会来的，对吗？I think he will come, wont he?维度三：语法与语篇阅读下面对话，补全对话中的附加疑问部分或答语。1Lily：I havent seen you recently.What are you doing these days?Bob：I am doing research on how to
23、protect wildlife.Lily：You have never done such research before, (1)have you?Bob：Yes, this is the first time that I have done this.I have read some papers on this topic and also attended a lecture.Lily：The lecture is very useful to your research, (2)isnt it?Bob：Yes, it is.It is also inspiring.Lily：It
24、 inspires you to find more information about the topic, doesnt it?Bob：(3)Yes, it doesIt gives me suggestions on finding more information.2Sam：Amy, there will be a film in the school hall tonight, (1)wont there?Amy：Ive just heard about it.It is called A Brief History of Time, a film about Stephen Haw
25、king.Sam：It must be a great movie, (2)isnt it?Amy：I think so.Lets watch it together, (3)shall we?Sam：OK, we can meet in front of the school hall at about six, (4)cant we?Amy：OK, see you then!Sam：See you!3Mother：Mary, you havent finished your homework, (1)have you?Mary：Yes, I have.Im reading a book now.You need help, (2)dont you?Mother：There is no tomato at home.Im busy now.Can you help me buy some?Mary：No problem.My father will come back for lunch, (3)wont he?Mother：Yes, he will.We will have a big lunch today.