讲解01 名词-中考英语总复习基础语法分类讲练(24张PPT).ppt

1、中考英语总复习基础语法分类讲练讲解01 名词一、名词的数可数名词都有单数和复数之分;不可数名词没有复数形式。1.可数名词(1)规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:构成方式例 词一般在词尾加-sdeskdesks书桌milemiles 英里以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加-esbrushbrushes 刷子watchwatches 手表以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变为i,再加-esfactoryfactories工厂以f或fe结尾的词,一般把f或fe改为v,再加-eswolfwolves 狼wifewives 妻子构成方式例 词以o结尾的可数名词有生命的加-espotatopotatoes 土豆tom

2、atotomatoes 西红柿无生命的加-szoozoos 动物园radioradios 收音机pianopianos 钢琴photophotos 照片(2)不规则的可数名词的变化规则:有些可数名词的复数形式没有规则,不能在其后加-s或-es。不规则复数形式主要有如下几种情况:变内部元音字母:manmenwomanwomentoothteethfootfeetmousemicegoosegeese词尾加-(r)en:childchildren oxoxen单复数同形:sheepdeerChineseJapanese【易错提醒】fish表示鱼的种类时复数形式是fishes,表示条数而不强调种类时

3、,单复数同形用fish。There are many kinds of fishes in this river.这条河中有很多不同种类的鱼。I caught five fish today.我今天捉了5条鱼。有一些名词是成双、成对出现的,这些名词常用pair来修饰。a pair of glasses一副眼镜 a pair of trousers一条裤子a pair of shoes一双鞋a pair of gloves一副手套a pair of pants一条裤子 a pair of shorts一条短裤2.不可数名词一般情况下不可数名词没有复数形式,如果想表示数量时,我们可以用名词单位词来

4、表示,常用的单位词有piece,bit,bottle,cup,glass等。a piece of advice一条建议 a bit of bread一点面包a bottle of water一瓶水a cup of coffee一杯咖啡a glass of milk一杯牛奶【考点练】()(2020桂林中考)Tonys father is a _.A.teachersB.doctorsC.driverD.policemen()(2020黔南州中考)About 200 _went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night.A.GermanB.Australia

5、nC.ChineseD.AmericanCC()(2020恩施中考)Wuhan,one of the most important _in China,is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower.A.citiesB.citysC.cityD.town()(2020湘西中考)Annie took a lot of _with her mobile phone when she visited the Great Wall last summer holiday.A.photoB.photoesC.photosD.picture()(2020岳阳中考)Mike doe

6、snt have enough money,so he can only afford _.A.a breadB.too much breadC.a piece of breadD.many pieces of breadACC二、名词的所有格1.s所有格构成方法示 例单数名词一般在词尾加sThe girls school bag is nice.那个女孩的书包很漂亮。以s结尾的复数名词加“”The teachers office is over there.老师们的办公室在那里。不以s结尾的复数名词加 sThere are many childrens books in the shop.在

7、这家商店里有许多儿童读物。构成方法示 例表示两个人共有同一物,则只在后一个名词词尾加s;如果两个人分别拥有某物,则在两个名词词尾后分别加s(被修饰名词要用复数形式)This is Tom and Peters room.这是汤姆和彼得共同的房间。These are Toms and Peters shoes.这些是汤姆和彼得的鞋子。表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命的名词也可以在词尾加s构成所有格todays paper今天的报纸two hours rest两小时的休息2.of所有格of所有格一般用于表示无生命的东西的名词中。a map of the world一张世界地图the w

8、indows of the room房间的窗户表示有生命的东西,有时也可以用of所有格。the children of that family那家的孩子们3.双重所有格s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成了双重所有格。a good friend of mine我的一个好朋友a friend of Henrys亨利的一个朋友【易错提醒】不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或s所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。I have read some books of his

9、.我读过他的一些书。Which book of Qiong Yaos have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书?【助记】名词所有格的用法名词所有格,意思表示“的”,一般要把s加,复数词尾有s,只加“”就可以,名词若为物无生命,常把of所有格来应用,一物若被两者所共有,只在最后一个加“s”,时间、地点和距离,所有格也可用s。【考点练】()(2020龙东中考)Look at the big and clean room.Its _.A.Lucys and LilysB.Lucy and LilysC.Lucys and LilyD.Lucy and Lily()(2020青岛中考)Is t

10、his hat _?No,the red one is _.A.Lucys;herB.Lucy;herC.Lucys;hersD.Lucy;hersBC()(2020新疆维吾尔自治区模拟)_mothers work in the same hospital.A.Tims and PetersB.Tims and PeterC.Tim and PetersD.Tim and PeterA()(2020大庆中考)Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in _.A.two days timeB.two-days timeC.two days

11、 timeD.two days time()(2019天水中考)After playing football for more than half an hour,the students took _ rest.A.a few minutesB.a little minutesC.a few minutesD.a little minutesAC三、名词的功能1.作主语My father teaches them English.我爸爸教他们英语。【易错提醒】特殊名词,如表示度量、时间、距离、金额等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用单数。Two hours is enough for me t

12、o finish the work.对我来说完成这项工作两个小时足够了。2.作定语There are many banana trees in Hainan.海南有许多香蕉树。【易错提醒】名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。a shoe factorytomato and egg noodles有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。a clothes shopa sports meet【考点练】()(2019天水中考)Look!They are _.Yes.We are proud of them.A.man scientistB.women scientistsC.woman scientistsD.ma

13、n scientists()(2020郴州中考)During the epidemic(疫情),many_ in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.A.woman doctorB.woman doctorsC.women doctorsD.women doctorBC四、名词词义辨析 考查具体语言环境下词义的区别,解答此类题目要知道不同的名词表达的具体含义,能辨析它们之间的差异,这就需要准确记忆名词词义,并在实际语言环境中来学习名词。【考点练】()(2020牡丹江中考)As the“mother river of China”,the

14、Yellow River is the _of the spirit of the Chinese people.A.symbolB.backgroundC.dream D.name()(2020百色中考)Helen sings every day,it seems that she likes _very much.A.sportsB.musicC.fruitD.vegetablesAB()(2020武威中考)Is that your father?No,he is my_.He is my fathers twin brother.A.brotherB.grandpaC.uncleD.cousinC