1、高考英语阅读应考策略研究仙游一中 黄聚宝E-mail:1.引言2.理论依据3.应考策略1.引言阅读的速度、理解的深广度是学生对英语文章阅读及理解能力水平的体现。在平时的教学中，适当运用并渗透阅读应考策略，来指导学生高效优效阅读，是提升学生阅读理解能力的关键。2.理论依据2.1 从英语课程标准看高中英语阅读教学的目标要求2.2 从高考考试大纲看高考英语阅读的能力要求2.3 从高考阅读理解题型特征看高中英语阅读的教学要求2.1 从英语课程标准看高中英语阅读教学的目标要求（八级）能识别不同文体的特征；能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的文学作
2、品；能根据学习任务的需要从多媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。即六个方面的要求阅读材料文体句子结构文学欣赏媒体信息词 汇 量2.2 从高考考试大纲看高考英语阅读的能力要求理解主旨和要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推测；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度。2.3 从高考阅读理解题型看高中英语阅读的教学要求阅读理解，作为考查学生直接运用英语能力的主要题型，要求考生必须具有良好的阅读习惯和较高的阅读能力（即一定的快速阅读能力），必要的分析推理能力以及相当的准确理解能力。纵观近几年的高考命题，考题已向知识的广度、理解的
3、深度、阅读的速度方向发展。3.应考策略3.1 重视阅读“三度”，提升理解水平3.2 细析题型特征，掌握解题技巧3.3 巧破命题“微技”，拔高解题能力3.4 善抓命题“破绽”，智取解题“密钥”3.1重视阅读“三度”，提升理解水平3.1.1阅读要有广度3.1.2阅读要有深度3.1.3阅读要有速度3.1.1阅读要有广度要选读体裁、题材多样化的有时代气息的文章;要让学生多掌握一些语言文化背景知识，向学生多提供一些供其精读和泛读的文章以加大语言材料输入量。3.1.2阅读要有深度注意选择一种内容广泛、话题时兴、难度适当的国内外优秀英语的文章来读;提供一些质量较高的文章,放弃那些质量一般的文章。3.1.3阅
4、读要有速度加强提高学生阅读速度的随堂限时训练，力求每分钟阅读词数达到65-70之间。理解的正确率和速度是阅读理解成败的关键。平时要注意坚持意群阅读，克服指字读、声读、不断回视；一次一词等不良习惯。教学案例Unit 3,Module 9 AustraliaI.Read the text on Pages 2223 and choose the best answers.1.Which of the following is TRUE about Australia?(Facts)A.It is a Continent instead of a country.B.It has the sixth
5、 largest population in the world.C.Much of the center of Australia is inhabitable area.D.Most population live in the south eastern coastal area.2.From the passage,we know that _.(Inference)A.there are14 world Heritage Sites in Australia.B.the India-Pacific train can take you directly from Sydney to
6、Darwin.C.on Australia Day every year,people are free to immigrate to Australia.D.you will enjoy the beauty of Cradle Mountain National Park from Adelaide Darwin.3.The fourth reading passage is probably from _.A.a newspaper article B.part of a tourist brochure C.a postcard from someone on holiday D.p
7、art of a text from an encyclopedia4.Which of the following can not be used to describe Australia?A.large and developed B.rainy and wetC.friendly and attractive D.multicultural and respectful5.How is the passage developed?A.by inferring and concluding B.by comparing and contrastingC.by giving subtitl
8、es and describing D.by explaining and reasoningII.Fill in the blanks with the proper words after reading the text.（Missing-word Summary）Australia is the 1 largest country in the world and a mainly 2 country;famous for its huge,open spaces,bright 3 ,enormous number of sheep and cattle and its unusual
9、 4 ;made up of 5 states.Citizenship 6 are planned around Australia On 26 7 ,Australia Day,in over 200 locations 8 the nation,more than 9,000 people will become Australian 9 .When you travel in Australia,you will enjoy 3 nights on board the 10 ,2 nights on board the Ghan and tours outside Hobart.sixt
10、hdrysunshinewildlifesixCeremoniesJanuaryacrosscitizensIndian-Pacific3.2 细析题型特征，掌握解题技巧3.2.1 词义理解性问题3.2.2 细节理解性问题3.2.3 主旨和大意题3.2.4 推理性问题3.2.5 假设性问题3.2.6 评价性问题3.2.1 词义理解性问题问题形式：From the context(上下文),we can guess that the word “”means.The author uses the word“.”to mean.The term“.”means.According to the
11、passage,.probably means.解题技巧：（1）大纲要求的词汇；（2）上下文推断词汇的能力。实例分析：NMET2010福建65The underlined word“inform”in Paragraph 2 probably means“”.Aaffect Bchange Cdisturb Dreject关键句:while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.”3.2.2 细节理解性问题 问题形式：Whi
12、ch of the following statements is true/false?Which of the following shows the right order of.?According to the passage.,the author mentions.注意：有时问题会采用反向思维，题中含有not或except等否定词，如：The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT.All of the following statements are true except.解题技巧：（1）注意寻找线索词；（2）忠实于阅读材料；（
13、3）注意句子逻辑关系；（4）注意识别指代词语。实例分析：NMET2010福建 74All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_.Aof the same shape Bcovered with grass Cbuilt with a post in the centre Dbuilt with doorways at each end 分析：文章中多处出现的grass是Indian tribes建造房屋所必不可缺少的东西。由此可知，印第安人的屋子都用草盖着。3.2.3 主旨和大意题问题形式：The purpose of
14、this passage is probably to tell.The author is primarily concerned with.The writer of the article mainly wants to tell us.Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the passage?The main(central)idea/The best title/
15、The main fact of the story suggests.解题技巧：（1）文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)；（2）细读（scan）、跳读（skip)和略读（skim）等技巧；首尾段（句）；（3）归纳概括。实例分析：NMET2010福建 63What would be the best title for the passage?ATV Will Rule the World BTV Will Disturb the World CTV Will Better the World DTV Will Remain in the World关键句：P1L1:“Televis
16、ion is still the most influential medium”P3L1:“Televisions most powerful effect will be on the lives of women”P4L2:“However,TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide”3.2.4 推理性问题（1）推理判断题的考查要求具体细节抽象含义字面意思深层含义（包括作者的态度、观点、意图等，领悟作者的言外之意）；句、段的含义及全文的逻辑关系进行判断和推理（2）推理判断题的设题方式常以infe
17、r，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问，或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，most likely等。问题形式：推测文章的观点或结论：Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?或It can be inferred from the passage that_.From the text we know/learn that _.From this p
18、assage,we can draw a conclusion that_.或We can conclude from the paragraph that_.推测作者的意图、观点和写作目的及隐含意义：Which of the following statements does the passage support？The purpose in writing this text is to_.The author implies_.What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage?In the pa
19、ssage,the author suggests that_.The author wants to appeal to_.推断文中未曾说出的内容：What probably happened in the end?The paragraph following the passage will most probably be_.推断文章的出处：This passage would most likely to be found in_.The passage is most likely to be taken from_.是非判断题：Which of the following is(
20、not）true/false?逻辑排序题：Which of the following describes ones logic in doing sth？（3）探索推理判断题的解题技巧利用客观信息进行推理判断有据推论有理忠实原文实例分析：NMET2010福建75.The passage suggests that _.A.all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses B.all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied togetherC.the
21、Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams D.the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends关键句：“They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near.”全面分析信息进行推理切忌片面思考，只见局部，不见整体，得出片面结论。例：NMET2010福建 70It can be concluded that
22、.Aeach sport will take only one hour Bstudents will be charged for the four sports Call the sports will take place at Kowloon Peak Dteachers will accompany students on each sport关键句：S 3：and finish 90 minutes laterS3：all of which are free of charge站在作者的角度分析推理决不能以常识取代对文本的信息分析，根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵，
23、加入自己的主观片面的想法和想象推断。例：NMET2010福建 59The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about .AZeldas personal lifeBZeldas illness and treatmentCFitzgeralds friendship with GrahamDFitzgeralds contributions to the literary world问题形式：What do you think had happened before.?What do you think would
24、happen after.?This event probably took place in.解题技巧：（1）注意逻辑推理判断，作出合理的预测。（2）善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。实例分析：（参见3.2.4 推理性问题）3.2.5 假设性问题3.2.6 评价性问题问题形式：The tone of the passage can best be described as.The authors attitude toward.is one of.Which of the following best describes the writers attitude towards.?解
25、题技巧：（1）言外之意，弦外之音。（2）具体与抽象、现象与实质。（3）感情、态度、观点、倾向性的词语。（4）文化传统、风俗习惯、历史背景实例分析：（参见3.2.4 推理性问题）3.3 巧破命题“微技”，拔高解题能力3.3.1 扩缩概念，巧设“是非”题3.3.2 虚实交替，巧设“事实”题3.3.3 改头换面，巧设“细节”题3.3.4 偷梁换柱，巧设“推理”题3.3.5 以偏概全，巧设“隐义”题3.3.6 凭空想象，巧设“词义”题3.3.7 妙用谚语，巧设“感想”题3.3.8 一语双关，巧设“意图”题3.3.1 扩缩概念，巧设“是非”题NMET2008福建 66.Which of the foll
26、owing is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?C.You can use the card in any shop across the world 关键句：Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the Maestrocard or Visa logo.扩大概念NMET2010福建 61 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?BThe worlds TV sets will total 150 mil
27、lion by 2013.关键句：The global total is another 150 million by 2013缩减信息3.3.2 虚实交替，巧设“事实”题NMET2007福建56.Without Mr.Clark,the writer_.A.might have been put into prison 关键句：I could have ended up that way,too,but Mr.Clark wouldnt let that happen.虚实交替NMET2010福建58.We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald
28、 .C.would have completed more works if his wife hadnt broken down关键句：However,Fitzgeralds problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.虚实交替3.3.3 改头换面，巧设“细节”题NMET2006福建72.Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage.”e.Floodline was created after the Easter Floods of
29、1998.关键句：the Easter Floods of 1998 has led to the creation of Floodline改变词性3.3.4 偷梁换柱，巧设“推理”题NMET2006福建 67.From the advertisements above,we can learn that.B.families can enjoy Horse Rides on New Adventure Playground，C.Farm World provides lunches,snacks and fine dining，D.the Europe-wide student compe
30、tition will be held on June 15,2006.“拼凑”节目“偷换”内容“对换”动作（register）3.3.5 以偏概全，巧设“隐义”题NMET2006福建58.The underlined sentence People often end up living here longer than they planned.in the second paragraph implies that.A.there are many foreigners in JapanB.Japan is good for nightlife C.they can teach Engl
31、ish privately in JapanD.Japan has something more attractive than expectedSpecificGeneralNMET2010福建69.It can be inferred from the passage that.Chiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of treesDstudents taking up the four sports should bring bottles of water偷梁换柱以偏概全3.3.6 凭空想象，巧设“词义”题NMET2
32、006福建73.What does the underlined word“pager”mean in the passage?AA boy employed to carry luggage in hotels.BA piece of equipment designed to receive and show messages.CA page of papers written to offer messages.DA person invited to write pages of messages.凭空想象3.3.7 妙用谚语，巧设“感想”题NMET2008福建 60What can
33、we learn from Tannis success?A.Union is strength.B.Never too late to learn.C.Well begun is half done.D.No pains,no gains.妙用谚语3.3.8 一语双关，巧设“意图”题NMET2008福建 67The purpose of the passage is to show you how to _.A.play your cards right一语双关玩（牌）使用（use）3.4 善抓命题“破绽”，找准解题“密钥”3.4.1选项“牵连”，“暗示”答案3.4.2用词“绝对”，削弱干扰
34、3.4.3设题“直白”，淡化理解3.4.1选项“牵连”，“暗示”答案NMET2010福建58We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald .Ahad made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama Bwas well educated and well off before he served in the army重复”干扰”相互“排除”NMET2010福建64 DFirms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers environmental aware
35、ness.66 Awill benefit from cutting carbon emissions 67.Cgain advantages by taking early action (to cut carbon emissions)“重复”、“透露”答案NMET2010福建70.Aeach sport will take only one hour 68.CHiking usually begins at 2:30 pm and lasts 2 hours“时间”重复NMET2010福建71.Dremind teachers and lifeguards to be present o
36、n time 70.Dteachers will accompany students on each sport “重复”、“暗示”NMET2010福建71.B.require the parents to select a sport for their child 69.B.every student can gain admission to one of the four sports“重复”、“暗示”3.4.2用词“绝对”，削弱干扰NMET2010福建70It can be concluded that.Aeach sport will take only on hour Bstu
37、dents will be charged for the four sports Call the sports will take place at Kowloon Peak Dteachers will accompany students on each sport75The passage suggests that.Aall the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses Ball the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together3.4.
38、3设题“直白”，淡化理解纯语法里的“时态”干扰NMET2010福建58We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald .Ahad made some money when he met Zelda in AlabamaBwas well educated and well off before he served in the armyCwould have completed more works if his wife hadnt broken downDhelped his friend get rid of drinking while hi
39、s wife was in hospitalNMET2010福建61Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AAmericans used to get access to the Internet easily.BThe worlds TV sets will total 150million by 2013.C45%of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.DOver two thirds of families in the world will
40、 have a TV by 2013.NMET2010福建64Whats the main idea of the passage?ABusinesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.BCompanies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.CFirms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.DFirms are urged to cut carb
41、on emissions by shoppers environmental awareness.NMET2010福建66According to Harry Morrison,businesses.Awill benefit from cutting carbon emissionsBshould buy carbon allowances for shoppersCare required to make up for their carbon emissionsDhave encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere非智力上的“细心
42、”干扰。NMET2010福建61Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AAmericans used to get access to the Internet easily.BThe worlds TV sets will total 150million by 2013.C45%of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.DOver two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013
43、.now another 1995 well beyondNMET2010福建68 DStudents having swimming suits can take up swimming.skilful at swimming小品词中的“介词”干扰NMET2010福建 68 BStudents participating in gym should arrive at 6:00 pm.beforeNMET2010福建73According to the passage,the Pawnee Indians built their houses _.Awith openings in the
44、trunk walls Blarge enough for several families Cin a ring shape with bark and mud Dby bending young trees to form the shape74All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_.Aof the same shape 参考文献：中华人民共和国教育部.2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语M.北京：人民教育出版社.2006-2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试及省市自行命题英语试卷Thank You!
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