1、Learning about languageMy mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple.My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple.Look at the sentences.Is this a passive sentence?Though the structure seems like a passive sentence,it is not.A passive sentence indicates a passive action while
2、this sentence describes a situation when someone has the feeling of alarm.“alarmed”is an adjective formed by V+ed.Key!主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式 to have been done/不定式的基本形式Discovering useful structuresGo over the passive voice当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时
3、，一般要用不定式的被动式。不定式的被动式可以在句中作主语、作宾语、作表语、作定语、作状语。1.Its an honour to be invited to the ceremony.2.She didnt like to be treated as a child.3.His dream was to be admitted to a good university.4.There are a lot of things to be discussed.5.She was sent there to be trained for the space flight.作主语作宾语作表语作定语作状语
4、不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分注意：1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要加上to。能这样用的动词有:make,have,let,see,hear,notice,listen to,watch等。如：We often see him act like that.=He is often seen to act like that.我们常常看到他这样做。2)在cant help but,have nothing to do but结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。如：I cant help(but)suspect his motive.我不禁怀疑起他的
5、动机。3)在动词want,hope,manage,offer,promise,pretend,agree,expect等之后，用不定式作宾语；另外在动词tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,forget等后，常用一个带连接代词/副词的不定式作宾语。如：We must decide whether to go or stay.我们得决定去还是留。不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义1.不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定的被动形式。如：Do you have anything
6、to wash today?(to wash的主语为句子的主语you，其逻辑宾语为anything。)你今天要洗什么吗？Do you have anything to be washed?(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做)你有什么要其他人洗的吗？2.在There be/seem+主语+to do表示存在的句型中的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义（也就是说，我们可能会见到被动形式，但主动形式要好得多）。Theres not enough food to eat.(The food is eaten.)没有足够的食物吃。Theres no chair to sit
7、 on.(The chair is sat on.)没有椅子坐。但在下列句子中，只能用主动形式。如：Theres not enough food for us to eat.我们没有足够的食物吃。3.在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy,difficult,important,impossible等。如：The work is impossible to finish in two days.(The work is finished.)工作不可能两天之内完成。English is not so easy to learn.(Engli
8、sh is learnt.)英语并不好学。4.在一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用be to blame；“（东西等）出租”用to let。如：He is to blame for what he has done.他应为他所做的受责备。The house is to let.房子要出租。5.假如不定式所表示的动词，在谓语所表示的动词（或状态）之前发生，该不定式要用完成式。如：Im glad to have seen your mother.=Im glad that I have seen your mother.很高兴见过你母亲。解读动词不定式1.误：We dont allow t
9、o smoke in the lecture hall.正：We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall.正：We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.解析：在allow后跟动名词作宾语；当allow后有宾主时，则用不定式作补语，即allow sb to do sth。2.误：She was the first person thinking of the idea.正：She was the first person to think of the idea.解析：当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带
10、定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。3.误：We need some paper to write.正：We need some paper to write on.解析：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须跟相应的介词。但如果不定式所修饰的名词是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live(in).他没有钱，也没有住的地方。4.误：The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a
11、very important one.正：The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.解析：being discussed表示动作正在进行，而根据at tomorrows meeting可动作发生在将来，故用to be discussed表示。5.误：This boy was seen come late this morning.正：This boy was seen to come late this morning.解析：感官动词和使役动词转换为被动结构时，其后的不定式需要带to。1.
12、(2007辽宁卷)2.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.A.breaking B.having brokenB.C.to have broken D.to break解析：C 本题考查非谓语动词的时态。由sb.be reported to do sth.句型，先排除A，B。因为break这个动词发生在report之前，所以应用不定式的完成式作主语补足语。该句相当于It was reported th
13、at Liu Xiang had broken the world record in the 110-metre hurdle race.2.(2008全国卷I)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _.A.to be breathed B.to breatheB.C.breathing D.being breathed解析：B 本题考查非谓动词。在形容词good,easy,difficult,important,impossible等之后一般用主动形式表示被动意义。该句可转化为It is so g
14、ood to breathe the morning air.3.(2008湖南卷)_ the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.A.Completing B.CompleteB.C.Completed D.To complete解析：D 本题考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了按计划完成工程，我们必须每天多干两个小时的活。to complete the project as planned 作目的状语。I.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.He wanted the letter _(type)at onc
15、e.2.It is the first such project _(design)by Chinese engineers.to be typedto be designed3.They knew him _(arrest)by the police.4.Hell show you the right path _(take).5.He said he was _(send)there to attend an important meeting next Friday.to have been arrestedto taketo be sent6.She didnt want her so
16、n _(take)away.7.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _(tell)everything.8.She is busy preparing for the exams _(hold)next month.9.He hurried to the station only _(tell)that the train had left.to be takento have been toldto be heldto be told 1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for th
17、e old couple,but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seenII.Choose the right answer.B 2.I hurried to the meeting hall,only_ that the meeting had been put off.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.toldB 3.Do let your mother know all the truth,she appears_ everything.A
18、.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been toldD 4.Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.takingA 5.It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things.Now people are used to_ plastics products.A.make;using B.making;using C.making;use D
19、.make;useA 6.With a lot of problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settledC7.He_ and was made to repeat it.A.didnt understand B.didnt be understood C.wasnt understand D.wasnt understoodD 8.The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day
20、in the past four weeks.A.kept busy doing B.keep on doing C.have kept busy doing D.have been kept busy doingD 9.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requestedD 10.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.servedBHomeworkGo over words and expressions.Go over the grammar.Do Ex3 on Page 56.
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