1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 选修6 Module 11.1.1 集合的概念Small Talk第二课时 Grammar&Everyday English&Reading Practice1.1.1 集合的概念Module 1课内要点探究2单元课标语法3巩 固 提 升4课后强化作业5课前新知预习1课前新知预习.重点单词1责任；义务(n.)_2申请(n.)_申请(v.)_3移民(n.)_4不礼貌的(adj.)_礼貌的(adj.)_5恩惠，照顾(n.)_6某些(pron.)_7回答，答复，回信(n.)_8缺点，短处(n.)_9缺乏，不存在(n.)_缺席的(adj.)_10巧合
2、(n.)_obligationapplicationapplyimmigrationimpolitepolitefavourcertainreplyshortcomingabsenceabsentcoincidence11顾客，客户(n.)_12戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄(v.)_13打字员(n.)_打字(v.)_14道歉，致歉(n.)_道歉，致歉(v.)_15谨慎的，慎重的，小心的(adj.)_16熟人(n.)_17不管怎么说，无论如何(adv.)_18周年纪念日(n.)_19女主人(n.)_主人(n.)_20打断(v.)_打断(n.)_21骚扰，妨碍，侵犯(v.)_22解释，给下定义(v.)_cus
3、tomerteasetypisttypeapologyapologisecautiousacquaintanceanyhowanniversaryhostesshostinterruptinterruptionviolatedefine.重点短语1put ones foot _ ones mouth.犯使人难堪的错误，说错话2_a consequence 因此，结果3cheer sb._ 使某人高兴/振作起来4leave _ 省去，删去5(be)aware _ 知道6_ the lead 带头，领先7show_ 炫耀inasupoutoftakeoff.语法感知用didnt need to d
4、o或者neednt have done完成下列句子，并注明它们的含义。1You _(speak)so slowly.I just needed a few seconds to get used to your voice.()2.You _(bring)the book to show me.I already have one.()3.I _(buy)a gift for my host family because I already had one.()4I have washed all your clothes.You _(wash)them.I can manage.()5The
5、 flower shop had already opened when we arrived so we_(wait)outside in the street.()答案：1.neednt have spoken；表示本来不必要说得很慢，事实上说得慢。2neednt have brought；本来没有必要带来这本书，事实上带来了。3didnt need to buy；没有必要买礼物，事实上也没买。4neednt have washed；本来没有必要洗衣服的，事实上却洗了。5didnt need to wait；不需要等，事实上也没等。课内要点探究1.application n申请；申请书；应
6、用；运用；专心；实用The manager received twenty applications for the post.经理收到了二十份求职申请书。“Freedom”is a word of wide application.“自由”一词可用于多种场合。知识拓展(1)an application from 申请表(2)apply to 适用于apply for 申请apply.to.将应用到apply oneself to 专心致志于apply to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物图解助记即学即用完成句子(1)如果你专心去做你目前的工作，你将能很快地把它做完。If you_ _
7、_the job in hand,youll soon finish it.(2)这规则并非适用于你们所有人。The rule does not_ _all of you.答案：(1)apply yourself to(2)apply to2favour(1)n.U赞成，支持The opinion has gained favour.这意见已得到赞同。(2)n.U好感；喜爱He did all he could to win her favour.他竭力讨她的欢心。(3)n.C善意的行动；照顾；帮忙do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙(4)vt.赞成；支持，偏爱France favour
8、ed negotiation.法国赞成谈判。The weather favoured the harvest.天气有利于收获。知识拓展favourable adj.称赞的，赞许的；有利的favoured adj.受优待的favourite n.最喜爱的人(或物);adj.最喜欢的do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙do sb.the favour to do sth.do sb.a favour by doing sth.帮助某人做某事ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙in favour of 支持/赞成in ones favour 对有
9、利即学即用完成句子(1)我对他讲了我们的计划，他表示赞同。I have told him about our plan,and he is_ _ _it.(2)现在你能帮我一个忙吗？Could you _ _ _ _now?答案：(1)in favour of(2)do me a favour3certain(1)pron.某些a certain单数名词，“某一”；certain复数名词，“某些”I have a certain actress in mind for the role of Juliet.我心目中有个女演员可以饰演朱丽叶。There are certain things I
10、just cant discuss with my mother.有些事情我实在不能与母亲商量。(2)adj.确定的，肯定的；某个Its certain that every effect must have a cause.无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。I cant say for certain when he will arrive.我说不准他什么时候会到。知识拓展It is certainthat 从句 是一定的be certain(sure)of/about sth.确信be certain(sure)to do sth./that从句 一定做某事make certain/sureth
11、at从句 弄清楚，保证，务必make certain/sure of 对有把握for certainfor sure 无疑辨析certain，suresure和certain表示“确定的，肯定的”时，基本是可以互换的，但当主语是形式主语it时，只能用certain。另外，sure没有“某个，某些”的意思。即学即用句型转换(1)He is certain to agree._he will agree.(2)She saw me.Im certain of that._she saw me.(3)Some girl telephoned while you were out._girl tele
12、phoned while you were out.答案：(1)It is certain that(2)Im certain/sure that(3)A certain4reply(1)vt.&vi.回答，回复He gave me no chance to reply to his questions.他不给我回答他的问题的机会。(2)n.回答，答复，答案I have no reply to my letter.我的信没有回音。注意：reply一般用作不及物动词，后跟介词to；当接直接引语或that从句时，才用作及物动词。知识拓展in reply to 回答make a reply to 回
13、答辨析answer与reply(1)answer可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，常指口答或笔算的回答，是一般用语；而reply则为正式用语，多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答，常用作不及物动词，和介词to连用，其宾语为一般的名词或代词，这时可与answer互换。Answer my question in English.用英语回答我的问题。No one was able to answer him a word.没人能回答他一句话。The old man smiled before he replied to my question.老人回答我的问题前笑了笑。(2)reply也可用作及
14、物动词，其宾语只限于直接引语和宾语从句两种，这时reply可以和answer互换。He replied/answered that he knew nothing about it.他回答说他什么也不知道。“No，”he replied/answered,“I only came yesterday.”“不”，他回答道，“我昨天才来。”(3)answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义，这时不能用reply来代替。answer the door bell 听到铃声响去开门answer the telephone 接电话即学即用介词填空Ive nothing to say in reply _your
15、 question.答案：to5absence n.U 缺乏，不存在The absence of air and water makes it impossible to live on the moon.因为没有空气和水，所以在月球上居住是不可能的。Im doing Julies job in her absence.朱莉不在，我正在做她的工作。知识拓展(1)in(the)absence of 缺少；不足in ones absence 某人不在期间In the absence of proof,he was released.由于缺乏证据，他被释放了。(2)absent adj.缺席的(反义
16、词present)；缺乏的be absent from.缺席He was absent from the important meeting because of his illness.由于生病了，他没有出席这次重要的会议。助记Last time he was absent from the Olympic Games,but this time he was present at the Asian Games.上次他缺席了奥运会，不过这次他参加了亚运会。即学即用完成句子(1)我们缺少经验。We are _ _ _ _ experience.(2)他上课时心不在焉，老师对此很生气。His
17、_ _ _ in class made the teacher angry.答案：(1)in the absence of(2)absence of mindHe made an apology to the teacher for his being late.他因为迟到向老师道歉。I must apologise for not being able to meet you.我为没能去见你而向你道歉。He apologised,“Sorry,I was not noticing.”“对不起，我当时没注意。”他道歉说。即学即用句型转换(1)The official made a public
18、 apology for his improper remarks in his microblog.The official_his improper remarks in his microblog.(2)She apologised for having to leave at 3：30 pm.She_having to leave at 3：30 p.m.答案：(1)apologised to the public for(2)made an apology for7cautious adj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的Im very cautious about expressing my
19、 opinions in public.每逢当众说话，我都慎于言辞。You must be cautious when facing danger.当面对危险时，你一定要谨慎。知识拓展(1)be cautious about.对谨慎/小心(2)caution n.谨慎，注意with caution 小心地；谨慎地We must deal with this matter with caution.我们必须小心谨慎地处理这件事情。辨析careful“小心的，仔细的”，侧重做事情谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节的地方。cautious“十分小心的，谨慎的”，着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。即
20、学即用完成句子当我们要把自己的个人信息透露给陌生人时要特别小心。We should _ _ _ _giving our personal information to strangers.答案：be very cautious about8interrupt(1)vt.&vi.打断(讲话、工作、休息、讲话人等)；打扰He was interrupted by a knock at the door.敲门声打断了他的话。Sorry to interrupt but I have something important to say.对不起打扰了，我有重要的事要说。(2)vt.中止；中断；阻碍Wo
21、rld War interrupted many students study.第二次世界大战中断了许多学生的学业。Traffic was interrupted by a snowstorm.交通被暴风雪阻断了。即学即用用interrupt与disturb的正确形式填空。(1)Their talk was _ by the coming of their old schoolmates.(2)A light wind _ the surface of the lake.(3)Those trees are growing so high that they _ the view.答案：(1)
22、interrupted(2)disturbed(3)interrupted1.as a consequence 因此，结果She has lived in France for ten years，and as a consequence,she speaks French very fluently.她住在法国10年了，所以她的法语说得很流利。Some people are suffering as a consequence of cigarette smoking.一些人由于吸烟正在遭受痛苦。知识拓展in consequenceas a resultas a consequence 因此
23、as a consequence ofas a result of 由于即学即用完成句子(1)我父亲经常吸烟，因此，他经常咳嗽。My father often smokes._，he coughs frequently.(2)由于失去了栖息地，一些物种即将灭绝。Some species will actually become extinct _ the loss of their habitats.答案：(1)As a consequence(2)as a consequence of2cheer sb.up 使某人高兴/振作起来Sometimes a piece of music can
24、cheer ourselves up.有时一首音乐能让我们高兴起来。She cheered up when she saw the film star coming along.看到那个电影明星到来，她欢呼起来。Cheer up,man.Things are not as bad as you think.振作点，老兄。情况没你想的那么严重。知识拓展cheer n欢呼，激励，愉快v鼓舞，欢呼，使振奋cheer up 振作起来cheer sb.on 鼓舞某人，为某人加油/喝彩cheerleader 拉拉队队员Cheers!干杯！We did our best to cheer him on wh
25、en he was about to give up.当他将要放弃时我们尽力鼓励他。巧学助记The cheerleaders are cheering on their favorite teams.拉拉队队员们正在为她们喜爱的队加油。即学即用完成句子(1)他看上去很伤心，我们让他高兴起来吧。He looks very sad.Lets_ _ _.(2)我提议干一杯！干杯！I propose a toast！_！答案：(1)cheer him up(2)Cheers3leave out 省略，略去，遗漏Leave me out of this quarrel,pleaseI dont want
26、 to get involved.请别把我拉入这场争吵中我不想被牵连进去。She left out the date on the cheque.支票上她漏写了日期。知识拓展leave sb./sth.behind 忘带；留下；丢弃；使落后leave sth.to sb.将某物留给某人leave sth./sb.with sb.把某物/某人托付给某人照看leave off 中断，停止leave for 动身去，出发前往leave sb./sth.alone 不理；不管，不打扰即学即用用leave短语的适当形式填空。(1)She_work at 7：30 every morning and co
27、mes back home at 6：00 every evening.(2)This word is wrongly spelt;youve _ a letter.(3)Please call me when you go;dont_me_.答案：(1)leaves for(2)left out(3)leave；behind4be aware of 知道John has been aware of having done something wrong.约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。Im well aware that this is a tough job.我深知这是一件棘手的工作。知识拓展
28、make sb.aware of sth./that 使某人意识到be/become aware of doing sth.意识到做(过)某事be/become aware that/(wh).意识到即学即用完成句子计划的失败使他意识到在制定这个计划时就犯了一个巨大的错误。His failure in the plan made him _ _ he had made a great mistake in working out the plan.答案：aware that5show off 炫耀She likes to show off.她爱炫耀。He likes showing off h
29、ow well he acts.他喜欢炫耀他表现得有多好。知识拓展含show的常用词组还有：show.out 领出去show sb.around/round 领着某人参观on show 展出show in 领入show oneself 出席，显现show up 出现，露面，变得明显即学即用用show短语的适当形式完成句子。(1)The actress rarely_in public recently.(2)My son was trying to_his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.(3)It w
30、as ten oclock when he finally_.(4)We will need a guide to _ us _ the place of interest.答案：(1)shows herself(2)show off(3)showed up(4)show;around1.Every time I open my mouth,I put my foot in it.每当我张口，就会讲错话。every time用作连词，意为“每次做时”，引导的是时间状语从句。Every time I dont listen to your advice,I get into trouble.我每
31、次不听你的劝告，都会遇到麻烦。知识拓展在英语中，经常见到一些表示时间的名词词组被用作连词，常见的有以下几类：(1)表示瞬时性的名词词组，如：the moment,the minute,the instant,the second或副词immediately,directly等，意为“一就”。Ill give it to him the moment I meet him.我一遇到他就会把它交给他。(2)由time构成的名词词组，如：the first time,the last time,each time,next time等。The last time I met him,he was w
32、orking on the farm.上次我见他时，他在农场工作。(3)表示时间段的名词词组，如：the day,the week,the year,the winter等。He left his hometown the year the war broke out.战争爆发那年他离开家乡。(4)注意句型It is the first/second.last time that.，从句中用现在完成时；若前者为was，则that从句用过去完成时。It is the third time that youve been late this week.这是你这一周第三次迟到。即学即用完成句子。(1
33、)每次我们看到其他人做一些事情，我们的大脑就试图去模仿。_，our brains try to imitate it.(2)我上次见到他时，他那么胖！_he was so fat!(3)他一见到我，就告诉我奥巴马再次当选为美国总统。_he saw me,he told me Obama was elected President of America again.答案：(1)Every time we see someone else do something.(2)The last time I saw him.(3)The minute/instant/second/moment2When
34、 someone talks,everyone is expected to listen,no matter how dull the persons speaking may be.当有人讲话时，不管他/她的讲话是如何的枯燥，其他人都得洗耳恭听。no matter how引导让步状语从句。no matter意为“不管，无论”，常与疑问词who,what，when,where,how等连用，引导让步状语从句。No matter how clever you are,you still should study hard.无论你多么聪明，你仍然应该努力学习。No matter what he
35、tells you,dont believe him.不管他告诉你什么，都不要相信他。No matter who he is,he must obey the law.不管是谁，他都应该遵守法律。注意：引导让步状语从句时，no matter疑问词疑问词ever。知识拓展“疑问词ever”还可以引导名词性从句，此时不能和引导让步状语从句的“no matter疑问词”替换。Ill eat whatever(no matter what)you give me.你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。(宾语从句)Whoever(no matter who)comes will be welcome.不管谁来都是受
36、欢迎的。(主语从句)高考直击语法填空(2013江苏改编)In the global economy,a new drug for cancer,_(where)it is discovered,will create many economic possibilities around the world.答案：wherever本题考查让步状语从句。句意：在全球经济中，一种治疗癌症的新药，无论它是在哪儿被发现，都将在全球产生很多经济上的可能性。在状语从句_ it is discovered中，不缺少任何主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，故用wherever。即学即用(1)完成句子不管你多
37、么努力地去尝试，不削减你的饭量想要减肥是很难的。_ _ _ _you try,it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.(2)句型转换To show our respect,we usually have to take our gloves off no matter who we are to shake hands with.To show our respect,we usually have to take our gloves off_we are to shake hands wi
38、th.答案：(1)No matter how hard(2)whoever3 But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask,particularly if you clearly show youre aware of cultural differences,they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions.尽管很少美国人担心你可能问的问题，尤其是如果你明显地表明你知道文化的差异，但是他们可能犹豫一会儿才问你相似的问题。本句是一个复合句。它含有
39、三个状语从句。首先while“尽管，虽然”引导了让步状语从句，其次if引导了条件状语从句，再次before“才”引导了时间状语从句。知识拓展(1)while“虽然，尽管”，在主句前引导从句，表示部分同意或接受某事。While I like the color of that hat,I dont like its shape.我虽然喜欢帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的样式。(2)while还用作并列连词，意为“但是，然而”，表示对比，不表转折。You like sport,while I like reading.你喜欢运动，而我喜欢读书。(3)while还可以引导时间状语从句，意为“同时；当时”。
40、Please be quiet while Im talking to you.在我跟你说话的时候，请安静。即学即用用合适的连词填空(1)I wonder how much you charge for your services.The first two are free_the third costs$30.(2)_the Internet is of great help,I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.答案：(1)while(2)While/Although/Though4In fact,its a
41、sign that they dont wish to violate your private life.事实上那表明他们不想妨碍你的私人生活。本句是一个复合句。that(连词)引导了同位语从句解释说明sign的内容。知识拓展(1)that引导的同位语从句连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后。如：fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,sign,idea,news,problem,possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，不作成分，但不能省略。Word came that our team ha
42、d won the game.消息传来，我们队赢得了比赛。(2)除that外，常用的引导词还有whether,why,where,when,how。而这些词均有实际含义并在从句中充当句子成份，也是不可以省略的。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。高考直击语法填空(2014重庆改编)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah,but I have no idea _ he did it;thats one of his
43、favorite universities.答案：why本题考查同位语从句。是对名词idea的内容进行的说明。句意：Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？是的，我不知道他为什么要这样做。耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一。短语have no idea后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构，如have no idea where to go等。根据句意可知使用why表示原因。即学即用语法填空(1)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.(2)Evidence has been found t
44、hrough years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.答案：(1)that(2)that单元课标语法.need作实义动词We need to finish our work on time.我们需要按时完成我们的工作。They need our help.他们需要我们的帮助。They dont need it any more.他们不再需要它了。Does your father need any help?你的父亲需要帮助吗？注意：当事物作主语时，ne
45、ed后跟动词的ing形式，主动形式表达被动含义，此时等同于不定式的被动形式(to be done)。My car needs fixing/to be fixed.我的汽车需要修理。知识拓展动词want,require(表示“需要”之意时)或形容词worth(值得的)后均可跟动词的ing形式作宾语，用主动形式表达被动含义。The idea is worth considering.这个主意值得考虑。.need作情态动词You neednt do all these exercises.你不必做所有这些练习。Need he do it all at once?他必须立即做这一切吗？I wonde
46、r if I need bring my dictionary.不知我需不需要带我的词典？注意：(1)情态动词need通常不用于肯定句中，所以need开头的疑问句的否定回答可用neednt，但肯定回答不能用Yes,you need.；而应为Yes,you must.。(2)dont have to,have no need to,havent got to等也可以表示neednt的含义。(3)若要谈论过去的情况，应在need后接have done。常用在否定句和疑问句中。Need he stay here?他有必要留在这儿吗？Yes,he must.是的，他必须留在这儿。You neednt
47、have come in person.你当时不必亲自来的。Need they have done it yesterday?这事他们昨天有必要做吗？高考直击(1)(2014重 庆 改 编)Ive ordered some pizza,so we_worry about cooking when we get home tired.答案：neednt本题考查need的用法。句意：我已经点了一些比萨，所以当我们到家时很累的话，不必担心做饭的问题。need既可以作为情态动词，也可以作为行为动词。当它作为情态动词的使用常常用于疑问句和否定句中，表示“不必”。根据句意可知用neednt。(2)(201
48、4湖南改编)Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we_ bring anything with us?答案：neednt本题考查情态动词。句意：我已经准备好了野餐要带的各种食物。你的意思是我们不必带食物了吗？由此可知所填词意思是“不必”。即学即用用合适的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空(1)I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.答案：neednt本题考查情态动词。句意：我
49、没有必要用闹钟来叫醒自己因为每天早上六点火车从我家旁边经过。(2)Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs_(do)to achieve the final success.答案：doing/to be done考查情态动词的用法。need既可用作情态动词也可用作实义动词，在本句中用作实义动词；need后可接动名词的主动式表被动含义，也可接不定式的被动语态。(3)We _ bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.答案：neednt have考查情态动词。句意：
50、既然Suzie不和我们一起吃饭，那么我们本不必买那么多食物。neednt have done本不必做。(4)Its quite warm here;we_ turn the heating on yet.答案：neednt本题考查情态动词的用法。句意：这儿非常暖和；我们不必开暖气。neednt不必。(5)Must we do it now?No,you _.答案：neednt回答由must引起的问句时，否定回答一般用neednt。(6)Need you go by yourself?Yes,I_.After all,they are all fresh.答案：must此处为肯定回答：是的，我必
51、须去。毕竟，他们都是生手/新人(还干不了)。(7)Well,I forgot to bring your dictionary here yesterday.Actually you _(bring)it here.You were not allowed to use it.答案：didnt need to bring意为“你昨天不必带词典来”。neednt have brought是“本不必带而带来了”，不合题意。巩 固 提 升.完成句子(用didnt need to do，neednt have done，neednt do的形式)1这次旅行中我穿得很暖和，但我本没有必要穿这么暖和。天气
52、很热。I dressed very warmly for the trip，but I_.Itwas very hot.2我本不需要带那么多食物的，因为他们免费提供我们一切。I_so much food because they offered us everything for free.3你不必浇这些花，因为天就要下雨了。You_the flowers because it is going to rain.4你不需要哭。你需要的是战胜自己。You_.You need to overcome yourself.5当时我不必去银行我找玛丽借了点儿钱。I_thenI borrowed some
53、 money from Mary.6我不需要买那本词典，因为我妈妈已经为我买了一本了。I_that dictionary because my mother had bought one for me.7虽然你不需要去上学，但是你不能打游戏。Though you_，you mustnt play games.8我本来不需要给他打电话的。I_a call to him.答案：1.neednt have done so2.neednt have carried3neednt water4.neednt cry 5didnt need to go to the bank 6didnt need to
54、 buy7neednt/dont need to go to school8neednt have made.句型转换1 Thank you for buying the gift for me,but it wasnt necessary.You_the gift for me.2There was no need for you to write the letter to Tom.You_the letter to Tom.3You dont have to tell her the sad news.You_her the sad news.4It was National Day s
55、o it was unnecessary for her to go to work.It was National Day so she_to work.5It was an informal party so I didnt wear a hat,which was unnecessary.It was an informal party so I_a hat.答案：1.neednt have bought2.neednt have written3neednt tell4.didnt need to go5.didnt need to wear.单项填空1Be quiet!Its rud
56、e to _ people when they are talking.AstopBintroduceCprevent Dinterrupt答案：D句意：请安静！打断人们的谈话是不礼貌。interrupt sb.打断某人。2You didnt wait for Tom yesterday.Yes,but we _.He didnt come.Amust have Bdidnt need toCcould have Dshould have答案：B考查情态动词。根据题意“我们没必要等，他没来”，故选B。3Ms.Russel,why do you give a“B”instead of an“A”
57、to me?Because you _ some points which were the essential part.Awrote Bcrossed outCused Dleft out答案：Dleave out意为“漏掉，省略”，cross out意为“划掉，除去”。句中表示“遗漏重要部分”。4Dont show_before your classmates.AinBoutCawayDoff答案：D句意：不要在你的同学面前炫耀。show off表示“炫耀”。5The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_th
58、e quality of life is probably one of the highest.Asince BwhenCas Dwhile答案：D根据句中among the lowest in Britain和probably one of the highest可知前后的意义存在对比，故用while。6The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.whichC.that D.though答案：C考查了同位语从句的用法。从句中不缺任何成分，故用that来引导。句意：这些年来，地球变得越来越暖和，这个事实已让许多科学家担心。课后强化作业（点此链接）
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