1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 选修8The Conquest of the UniverseModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第一课时 Introduction&Reading and Vocabulary(1)1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5课内合作探究2巩 固 提 升3课后强化作业4课前自主预习1课前自主预习.重点单词1飞跃，跳跃(n.)_2共同的；联合的(adj.)_3习惯的(adj)_使习惯于(vt.)_4航天飞机(n.)_5历史性的，有重大历史意义的(adj.)_6收看(电视)；收听(广播)(v.)_leap joint accustomed accu
2、stom shuttle historic tune 7目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历(v.)_8 假 定，假 设(v.)_设 想，假 定(n.)_9耐心(n.)_耐心的(adj.)_10 高 级 的，先 进 的(adj.)_前 进；进 展(n.)_11爆炸(v.)_witness assume assumption patience patient advanced advance burst.重点短语1set foot_踏上2take_起飞3_far迄今为止4slow_放慢速度5(be)aware_意识到onoffsodownof6_risks冒险7make_成功，做成8_shock处于震惊中9
3、_spite of不管10_the very beginning of在开始的时候takeitininat.语篇感知Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks.Neil Armstrong first 1._foot on the Moon back on 21st July,1969，which was one small step for man，but one giant 2._for mankind.People have become 3._to the idea of space travel.Millions of peop
4、le watched that first moon 4._on television，their hearts in their mouths,5._of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was，and what 6._had to be taken.Later，people were no longer 7._about a space travel programme because its high cost.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbialaunched
5、from“the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April,1981，which was the start of a new age of space travel.In 1986，the Challenger carrying the first 8._，Christa，who hoped to 9._a sense of excitement and create new interest in the space programme,10._just over one minute after taking off in Florida and all se
6、ven astronauts were killed.That space disaster makes us feel that we are neither Russians nor Americans.We are just human beings who have the same feelings.答案：municate10.exploded课内合作探究1leap nC/v.飞跃，跳跃He got over the stream with a single leap.他一跃就跳过了小溪。The production is increasing by leaps and bounds
7、.生产正在极其迅速地增长。知识拓展by/in leaps and bounds极其迅速地make leaps跳几下leap to ones feet突然站起Look before you leap.(谚)三思而行。图解记忆leap/jump，bounce，hop即学即用翻译句子一头鹿跳过了围栏。_答案：A deer leapt over the fence.2accustomed adj.经常的；惯常的She spoke with her accustomed modesty.她以她惯有的谦虚态度讲了话。知识拓展常用词组：(1)be(get，become，grow)accustomed to.
8、“习惯于”，其后接名词、代词、动名词时表示“习惯于某事物”；当其后接不定式时表示“经常，惯常做某事”。Im not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise.我不习惯于这么早起床进行晨练。She belongs to that class of people who are accustomed to having their own way.她属于经常为所欲为的那一类人。(2)accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于；养成的习惯You must accustom yourself to getting up
9、early.你必须使自己习惯于早起。即学即用语法填空Accustomed to_(climb)the steep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top.答案：climbing3decade nC十年Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.在过去十年里，物价一直在上涨。即学即用翻译句子过去20年来，先进的医疗技术已经能让人们更长寿。_答 案：In the last two decades，advances in medical technology have made it po
10、ssible for people to live longer.4witness(1)v.当场看到，目击Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.警察恳求目击证人与他们联系。I witnessed the traffic accident.我目睹了那起交通事故。(2)n.目击者；证人be witness to sth.目击，看见了(某事发生)bear/give witness to sth.为某事作证He has been witness to a terrible murder.他目
11、击了一场可怕的杀人案。She will bear witness to his honesty.她将为他的诚实作证。注意：除了可以用人作主语外，witness还可以用时间或地点作主语，有种拟人的味道，意思为“是发生的时间或地点；见证”，有此用法的动词还有see。Recent years have witnessed the great changes of our society.近几年见证了我们社会的巨大变化。即学即用完成句子事故的一名目击者说司机似乎喝醉了。_the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.答案：One witness t
12、o5assume v.假定、假设，认为I assume that you have heard the news.我想你已听到了这个消息。Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱们暂时假设计划成功。注意assuming(that).相当于连词if或supposing(that).意为“如果，假如”。Farmers will have a good harvest，assuming(that)the weather is favorable.假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。知识拓展(1)assumed adj.假装的；假定的，设想的a
13、ssumed name 化名(2)assumption n.设想，假定；承担make an assumption 假定I would go somewhere else to live，under an assumed name.我将隐姓埋名到别处去过日子。A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。即学即用用所给词的正确形式填空(1)It was_(assume)that the style came from the artists Ital
14、ian background.(2)The facts proved her_(assume)wrong.答案：(1)assumed(2)assumption6patience n.耐心，忍耐Have patience；the bus will come soon.耐心点，公交车马上就来。I warn you Im beginning to lose(my)patience(with you)我警告你，我(对你)已经渐渐失去耐性了。知识拓展be out of patience with.对忍无可忍have no patience with 对不能容忍；对没有耐性with patience 耐心
15、地Im out of patience with his rude words.我对他粗鲁的话忍无可忍。She has no patience with little children.她对小孩没有耐性。Our teacher always explains the problems to us with patience.我们老师总是耐心地给我们解释问题。即学即用完成句子老师们很快对汤姆的幼稚行为失去了耐心。Teachers soon_with Toms childish behavior.答案：lost their patience7advanced adj.高级的，先进的At the m
16、oment electronic noses are not as advanced as the dogs，and they are about 15 years behind.现在电子鼻不如狗鼻子先进，它们大约落后15年。知识拓展advance n.前进，提前，预付v.前进，提前，预付，提出(建议、看法、理论等)adj.前面的，预先的make an advance 取得进展in advance 提前；预先advance on/upon sb.向某人走去The allied troops are advancing on the camp of the enemy.盟军正在向敌军营地挺进。Y
17、ou must pay for the book in advance.你必须预先付书钱。即学即用完成句子(1)A lot of_(先进的)technology was shown in the Expo for the first time.(2)Everyone needs an emergency plan in place_(在前面)a disaster.答案：(1)advanced(2)in advance of8burst vi.爆炸，破裂If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst.如果你再吹那气球，它就要破了。知识拓展bu
18、rst into 突然开始，闯入burst out 突然发生注意burst into和burst out 都表示“突然”之意时，它们后面所跟的宾语结构不同，burst into后跟名词作宾语，而burst out后跟动词ing 形式作宾语。Every time she thought about him,she burst out crying.Every time she thought about him，she burst into tears.每当想起他，她就会突然大哭起来。The police burst into the room.警察突然闯进了房间。辨析burst，explode
19、和erupt的区别三者都含有“爆炸”之意，但是有区别。burst指某物因内部外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或涨破。explode 指伴有强大威力和巨响的爆炸，既可以指某物体的爆炸，也可指人的情绪、情感等的爆发。erupt指某物因内部压力过大，冲破束缚和障碍喷发或喷射出来，多指火山、喷泉、情感等的突然爆发。Water pipes often burst in cold weather.水管在寒冷的天气里经常被冻裂。The terrorists exploded a bomb in a store.恐怖分子在一家商店引爆了一枚炸弹。Since the volcano last erupted，m
20、any houses have been built in a dangerous position on its slopes.自从上一次火山喷发以来，很多房屋建在了斜坡上危险的位置上。即学即用语法填空As soon as he opened the mouth，everyone burst out _(laugh)答案：laughing1take off起飞；脱下；取下The plane took off 5 minutes ago.飞机5分钟前起飞了。Youd better take off your shoes.你最好脱掉鞋子。知识拓展take构成的常用词组：(1)take away
21、拿走(2)take down 拿下；记下(3)take medicine 药(4)take up 从事(职业)；开始学习；占去(时间/空间)After he retired from work，my father took up gardening.我父亲退休后开始从事园艺。(5)take on呈现；雇佣；承担(工作、责任等)(6)take place 发生(7)take ones placetake the place of 代替(8)take care of 照顾；照管(9)take a train/bus乘火车/公共汽车(10)take for认为；误以为He took John for
22、 Jack.他把约翰误认为杰克。(11)take out拿出；取出(12)take sth.for granted 认为某事理所当然即学即用完成句子你进来之前能否把鞋脱掉？Could you_before you come in.答案：take off your shoes2so far到目前为止So far I havent had any success.However，Ill keep trying.到目前为止我还没取得过任何成功。不过，我会继续努力的。So far we have not had to borrow any money.到目前为止，我们还不必借钱。知识拓展by far得
23、多；最(常修饰比较级或最高级)So far it has been by far the tallest building in the city.到目前为止，它是这个城市里最高的建筑物。注意：so far一般与现在完成时连用。即学即用语法填空So far this year we_(see)a fall in house price by between 5 and 10 percent.答案：have seen3set up 开办；建立；设立They set up many branches throughout the country.他们在全国建立了许多分公司。知识拓展set abou
24、t(doing sth.)着手(做某事)set aside 留出；不顾set off 动身；出发；使爆炸set back(把钟等)往回拨；推迟He set about helping homeless women and children to place of safety.他着手把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全地区。Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling.股票市场上人心惶惶，掀起抛售浪潮。即学即用用适当的介副词填空。(1)She tries to set_some money every month.(2)On receivin
25、g the assignment，we set_to work at once.(3)These scientists are trying to set_a longterm study of up to 10,000 elderly persons.答案：(1)aside(2)out(3)up4be/become aware of知道；意识到Everybody becomes aware of the importance of the skill.每个人都意识到了这项技术的重要性。Most smokers are perfectly aware of the danger of smok
26、ing.大多数吸烟者完全知道吸烟的危害。知识拓展be/become aware that.意识到aware adj.知道的，明白的，意识到的即学即用完成句子他清楚地意识到父母的婚配无可挽救。He must have_his parents marriage was breaking up.答案：been aware that5take risks(a risk)冒危险run risks(a risk)She doesnt like to take risks.她不喜欢冒风险。知识拓展1)run/take the risk of doing 冒的危险I dont want to run/take
27、 the risk of losing my friend.我不想冒失去朋友的危险。2)risk vt.risk名词/doing冒着的危险I will risk the punishment/being punished.我明知会受处罚也要做。即学即用完成句子如果你不带雨衣出去，你就要冒淋湿的风险，因为可能下雨。If you go out without a rain coat，you will risk _ _，because it may rain.答案：getting wet6make it(1)成功，做到Work hard，and youll make it.努力干，你会成功的。Whe
28、re is Li Lei?李磊呢？He cant make it today.He has to stay at home.他今天来不成了，他得待在家里。(2)表示走完一段路程，或及时赶到。He is too tired to make it to his house.他太累了，走不到家了。The train leaves at 630，so well make it.火车6点半开，因此我们能及时赶到。(3)表示约定时间或估计I make it 30 people in the room.我估计房间里有30个人。Lets make it half past time.让我们把时间定在9点半吧。
29、即学即用完成句子这次考试很难。你确定能通过吗？Its a very difficult examination.Are you sure you can _.答案：make it7in spite of不管；尽管In spite of the hot weather they still run on the playground.不管天气多热，他们仍在操场上跑步。In spite of all his efforts，he failed in the exam.尽管他很努力，但是他却没有通过考试。My room is very comfortable in spite of the fact
30、 that it is small.尽管我的房子小，但它很舒服。注意：in spite of是介词，不能直接跟从句；后接从句时，需用the fact that引导。辨析in spite of,thoughin spite of介词短语，表示“不管”，其引导的短语作让步状语等同于despitethough连词，表示“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句也可作副词，表示“然而，可是，不过”即学即用选词填空in spite of/though(1)_his advanced age，he is learning to drive.(2)I dont know him well_Ive know him f
31、or a long time.答案：(1)In spite of(2)though8at the very beginning of 在一开始的时候They made a plan for English study at the very beginning of this term.本学期一开始他们就制定了一项英语学习计划。The writer made this very clear at the very beginning of the article.作者在文章一开始就把这一点讲得很清楚了。知识拓展in the beginning 起初，首先at the start of 在开始前
32、in the end 最后，终于at the end of 在结尾from beginning to end 自始至终to begin with 首先；第一The story was interesting from beginning to end.这个故事从头到尾都很有趣。即学即用完成句子(1)学期刚一开始，他们就选他当了班长。They elected him monitor_ _the term.(2)首先，让我们回顾一下上节课学的内容。_，lets review what we learned last class.答案：(1)at the very beginning of(2)To
33、 begin with1Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was，and what risks had to be taken.数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。(1)句中含有一个独立主格结构：their hearts in their mouths
34、作伴随状语。分词的独立主格结构是由“名词或主格代词分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等”构成的，在句中多用作状语。Weather permitting，well go and play golf this afternoon.天气许可的话，我们下午去打高尔夫。He sat there，his arms crossed in front of his chest.他坐在那里，双臂交叉在胸前。He entered the room，his nose red with cold.他走进屋来，鼻子冻得红红的。Dinner over，we decided to play bridge.吃过饭后，我们决定打桥牌
35、。Half an hour later Delia came，her right hand in a bandage.半小时后，迪莉娅回来了，她右手缠着绷带。(2)本句中，aware of how difficult.and what risks.是形容词短语作状语表原因。其中“how”和“what”引导的从句作介词“of”的宾语，构成宾语从句。形容词短语作状语是英语中较常见的语法现象，一般作原因或伴随状语。如：He looked back now and then，afraid of being followed.由于担心被跟踪，他不时地回头看。He arrived home，hungry
36、and tired.他又饿又累地回到家中。高考直击语法填空(2014 江 苏 改 编)The lecture _(give),a lively questionandanswer session followed.答案：having been given本题考查独立主格结构。根据后半句“热闹的问答环节紧随其后”可知，前半句说的是“一场讲座结束了”。两件事情先后发生，并且有明确的先后关系，先发生的一般用现在分词的完成式做状语，又因为是被动，所以应该是having been given。即学即用语法填空The children went home from the grammar school，t
37、heir lessons _(finish)for the day.答案：finished2By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.到1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇。本句中的to have lost是动词不定式的完成时。只有当动词不定式发生在谓语动词之前的时候，才用这
38、个形式。He was happy to have got a chance to go on holiday.他得到了度假的机会真是高兴。They are said to have ordered more grain from Canada.据说他们从加拿大又订购了更多粮食。知识拓展seem to have done 似乎已做seem to be doing 似乎正在做seem to do 似乎要做She seems to have won the first place.她好像得了第一名。They seem to be talking about something.他们好像在谈论什么。I
39、 seem to know him.我好像认识他。即学即用完成句子汤姆的声音好像是正从很远的地方传来。Toms voice seem_from very faraway.答案：to be coming3The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。(1)in shock“感到震惊”，也可以指“休克”。She was still in shock
40、 after the accident.事故发生后，她仍处于休克状态。(2)no more dangerous than 和一样没什么危险“no比较级than”表示“一种事物和另一事物一样不”。Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.汽车是在十九世纪末开始使用，(当时)并不比马跑得快。辨析“not 比 较 级 than”表 示“一 种 事 物 不 如 另 一 事 物”His English is not better than mine.他的英语不如我的好
41、。His English is no better than mine.他的英语跟我的一样差。即学即用完成句子(1)汤姆没有杰克勤奋。Tom is_more diligent than Jack.(2)汤姆和杰克一样不勤奋。Tom is_more diligent than Jack.答案：(1)not(2)no巩 固 提 升.选词填空set foot on，(be)aware of，make it，in spite of，at the very beginning of1 _the heavy rain，they were still working in the field.2No man
42、 has ever_that rocky island；it is impossible to land there.3Their sudden attack made us more_ the danger around us.4_this spring well go travelling.5Work hard，and youll_eventually.答案：1.In spite of2.set foot on3.aware of4.At the very beginning of5.make it.句型转换1It seemed that he was eating something w
43、hen I went in.He seemed_something when I went in.2The person who leaves the room last should turn off the lights.The last person_the room should turn off the lights.3If weather permits，the party will be held in the garden._，the party will be held in the garden.答案：1.to be eating2.to leave3.Weather pe
44、rmitting.单项填空1There_nothing else to do，they went away.Ahad Bwas Cbeing Dhaving答案：C考查独立主格结构。句意：由于无事可做，他们离开了。句子前半部分作状语，表示原因，且没有连词，故可判断为独立主格结构。因nothing与be有逻辑上的主谓关系，故be动词采用ing形式。2 In the past，I was_to teaching math in the traditional way.Aaccused BaccustomedCfamiliar Dfond答案：B考查形容词辨析。句意：过去，我习惯于用传统方法来教授数
45、学。be accustomed to“习惯于”，符合句意。be accused of“被指控”；be familiar with“熟悉，精通”；be fond of“爱好，喜欢”。3Garamendi was invited to_the signing of the peace agreement that ended the twoyear war.Awitness BproveCapprove Dagree答案：A考查动词辨析。句意：加拉门迪被邀请去见证结束两年战争的和平协议的签署。witness“见证，目击”，符合句意。prove“证明”；approve“同意，赞成”；agree“同意
46、”。4As many as a million people travelled to the state of Florida to watch the Apollo mission_.Aput off Btake off Cset off Dget away答案：B考查动词短语辨析。句意：有多达一百万的人到佛罗里达州去观看阿波罗号起飞。take off“起飞”；符合题意。put off“推迟”；set off“启程”；get away“走开”。5You should _ him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.Apretend Bbelie
47、ve Cassume Dthink答案：C考查动词词义辨析和句意理解。句意：在未证实他有罪之前，你应该假定他是清白的。assume“假定，假想，认为”强调“一种没有证据的认为”，符合题意。pretend“假装”不合题意，且不用于“v.sb.to be”结构；believe/think sb.to be“认为某人”侧重于“认为某种情况是事实”，不合题意。6My room is very comfortable_the fact that it is very small.Abecause of Balthough Cin spite of Das答案：C句意：尽管我的房间很小，但是很舒服。根据句
48、意，可排除A项。although与as都是连词，可排除B、D两项。in spite of为介词短语，后面跟名词或动词ing形式。7After reading a joke，Tom_laughter.Aburst out Bburst inCburst on Dburst into答案：D考查动词短语的辨析。burst out意为“突然”后跟动名词作宾语，而burst into后跟名词作宾语，burst in意为“破门而入”，burston意为“突然来到”不符合句意，根据句意选D项。句意为：读了那个笑话后，汤姆突然大笑了起来。8Mr.Guo played the piano as well as，if_，Miss Liu.Anot better than Bnot betterCno better than Dno better答案：Anot better than 意为“不超过”；no better than 意为“两者都不”。由情景可判断出句意：如果郭先生弹钢琴不比刘小姐好，那也和刘小姐一样好。课后强化作业（点此链接）
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