1、人教新课标必修8 Unit 3 GrammarGrammarGrammar Revise the Past Participle Revise the Past Participle as the Attribute,as the Attribute,Predicative and Object Predicative and Object Complement Complement 动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective),实际上相当
2、于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English(英语口语)；iced beer(冰冻啤酒)；cooked food(熟食);fried chips(炸土豆条);一、动词-ed形式作定语 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiled water(开水);fallen leaves(落叶)the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。1.The tall man is a returned student高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2.My parents are both retired teach
3、ers我的父母都是退休教师。(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。The excited people rushed into building.激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=time which is lost)(2)后置定语少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。1.Everything used should be marked所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2.Among the invited
4、 were some ladies被邀请的人中,有些是女士。3.The books left are for my students剩下的书是给我的学生的。动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1.Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗?(=That has been planned for tonight)2.The meeting,attended by a lot of people,was a success这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。(=which was attended b
5、y a lot of people)1)Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 2)The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written3)The Olympic
6、games,in 776 BC,didnt include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing4)Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.A.are bought B.bought C.been boughtD.buying 5)Mr.Smith,_ of the speech,started to read a _ nov
7、el.A.tired,boring B.tiring,bored C.tired,bored D.tiring,boring过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后,他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it,we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。二、动词-ed形式作表语常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)
8、；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。I was very pleased at the news听了这消息我很
9、高兴。He grew much tired of the work他十分厌倦这工作。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay2)As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed3)The pilot asked all the passen
10、gers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如:She found the door broken in whenshe came back她回来时发现有人破门而人。My grandfather had his old house rebuil
11、t我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。1.I must get my bike repaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2.The girl was found beaten black and blue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语)(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,
12、notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。She felt a great weight taken off her mind她觉得心里轻松了些。They considered the matter settled他们认为这问题解决了。(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。I have my ha
13、ir cut once a month我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himselfunderstood他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。(请人)把某事做完。She had her house repaired她请人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发?“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：参遭遇某种意外情况。He had his hat blown away on his way home在回家的路上他的帽
14、子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。完成某事(自己也可能参与)。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yuansaved this year他今年已存了1000元。(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wish,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。He wont like such questions discussed
15、at the meeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial plays continued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building,hishouse looks like a beautiful garden周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。1)-Good morning.Can I help you?-Id
16、like to have this package _,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed2)The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.played3)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to c
17、arry out4)Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired 1.From the dates _ on the gold coin,we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.A.marking B.marked C.to be marked D.having been markedExercises.单项
18、选择：2.It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it.A.losing B.lost C.to lose D.having lost 3.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry 4.With _ leaves _ in the earth every year,the soil becomes ric
19、her and richer.A.falling;burying B.fallen;buried C.fallen;burying D.falling;buried 5.She was glad to see her child well _ care of.A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking6.Friendship is like money easier made than _.A.kept B.to be kept C.to keeping D.being kept 7.Dont use words,expressions or phrases _
20、 only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known 8.John rushed out in a hurry,_ the door _.A.leaving;unlocked B.leaving;unlocking C.left;unlocking D.to leave;unlocking 9.The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch.A.referred to look B.referred to look
21、ing C.referred to looks D.referring to looks 10.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded 11._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A.Compare B.When comparing C.Compari
22、ng D.When compared 12._ time,hell make a first class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given 13._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.To lose C.Lost D.Having lost 14._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being fou
23、nded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：1.John Snow told the story about the _(astonish)people in Broad Street.2.Some of the people _(invite)to the party couldnt come.3.There is a car _(park)outside the house.astonishedinvitedparked 4.The experience _(gain)will be of great value to u
24、s.5.These seats are _(reserve)for you.6.The library is _(close)on weekends.7.Dont drink the _(pollute)water.8.The _(worry)mother looked at her_(worry)son,looking _(worry).gainedreservedclosedpollutedworriedworryingworried.单句改错：1.The foreigner tried his best to make his point be understood.2.They fou
25、nd a piece of rope withone end tying in a circle.3.Mark got his hands to be burnt in the accident.4.They both spent the night locking in the room.tying tiedlocking locked去掉 be去掉 to be 5.How would you like the rent to pay,in cash or by cheque?6.What kept you so exciting?7.You should speak loudly enou
26、gh to make yourself hear.8.I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident.to pay paidexciting excitedhear heardholding held 9.He wanted the door to paint yellow.10.I know little about the girl calling Lily.to paintpaidcallingcalledHomework1.Finish the exercises on grammar in this unit.2.Preview the reading materials in Using Language.
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