1、Unit 4 Pygmalion Learning about Language1.Learn and grasp the grammar:the Past Participle as the Adverbial.2.Master the usages of the sentence patternsin learning about language.1While _,he makes notes.他边看边做笔记。2Will that be _to you？这些对你有用吗？3Its raining heavily now,_现在雨下得很大，不是吗？4But they betray thems
2、elves _they open their mouths.但他们每次开口说话时就会露馅。watchingof any use isnt it?every timeonce educated5But,sir,(proudly)_to speak properly,that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.但是，先生，(自豪地)一旦被教授正确的语言方式，这个女孩就能在三个月后的大使花园聚会上冒充一位女公爵。1.in disguise 2.in delig
3、ht 3.in amazement 4.in particular5.in return Answer to exercise 3Learning about LanguageGrammarRevise the Past Participle as the Adverbial复习过去分词作状语1._(污染的)air and water are harmful to peoples health.2.The problem _(在会议上讨论的)yesterday was very difficult to solve.3.He became _ (兴奋的)when he heard he had
4、 won the first place in the competition.4.I am _(感兴趣的)in the story.Polluteddiscussed at the meetingexcitedinterestedthe attributethe attributepredicativepredicativeRevision5.I havent got the film _(冲洗)yet.6.Do you know the man _(站)beside the door?7.A breaking cup is lying on the floor.8.The meeting
5、holds yesterday was very important.developedstandingbreaking改为brokenholds改为heldobject complementthe attributethe attributethe attributeThe past participleThe Attribute1Predicative2Object Complement3the Adverbial4一、过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语则为主句的主语，其主语为过去分词动作的承受者
6、。过去分词(短语)作状语时，可单独使用，也可在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等。When finished,the paper should be turned in without delay.(时间状语)一完成，文件应立即上交。Given more time,I will do it better.(条件状语)如果多给一点时间的话，我会做得更好。Inspired by what he said,the girl student decided to work harder.(原因状语)在他的话的鼓励下，这个女学生决定更努力学习。He hurried to the
7、hall,followed by two guards.(伴随状语)他快步走向大厅，身后跟着两个卫兵。二、过去分词(短语)作状语在句中的位置过去分词(短语)在句中作状语。可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。过去分词(短语)作条件、原因状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。He stood there silently,moved to tears.=Moved to tears,he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪
8、盈眶。(1)表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。When _ with the difficulties,we must try to overcome them.faced三、过去分词(短语)作状语时，也可在其前面加上连词when,if,once,though,unless等。作状语的过去分词(短语)可与从句相互转换。(2013江西高考)If _ to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once.A.askedB.to askC.askingD.having
9、asked【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被要求照看别人的行李，立刻报告警察。后面的主句是祈使句，句首省略了you,主语you和ask存在被动关系;从句的if后面省略了you are。【真题在线】(2)表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。可与as,since，because 等引导的原因状语从句转换。Encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder.=As he is encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder.由于受到所取得成就的鼓励，他工作更加努力了。【即学即
10、练】_,the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.被这个故事感动，年轻人下定决心奋斗。Moved by the story(3)表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if，unless等词。再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。_Given another chance,he will do better.United,we will make our life better.=If we are united,we will make our life better.团结起来，我们就能使我们的生活变得更加美好
11、。(2012湖南高考)Time,_correctly,is money in the bank.A.to use B.used C.using D.use【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:时间如果用得正确的话,就是存在银行里的钱。time与use构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式表被动。B项为过去分词形式,符合题意;A项为动词不定式;C项为现在分词形式;D项为动词原形。【真题在线】(4)表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by the running,they went on running after the robber.=Alth
12、ough they were exhausted by the running,they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。_Laughed at by many people,he continued his study.【即学即练】(5)表方式或伴随情况,通常不能转换为方式状语从句,但可以转换为一个并列分句。Dressed in white,she suddenly appeared before us.=She was dressed in white and sudd
13、enly appeared before us.她穿着白色的衣服，突然出现在我们面前。我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作。_,my father and I were talking about my job.Seated at the table【即学即练】四、表示状态的过去分词(短语)作状语有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的过去分词和短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；born(出身);dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。Lost
14、/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt notice us entering the room.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没注意到我们进入房间。【即学即练】_.厌倦了这个演讲，他一句话没说就离开了。Tired of the speech,he left without saying a word五、过去分词(短语)的独立结构过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、
15、条件等。The test finished,we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。More time given，we could have done it much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。【即学即练】各方面考虑起来，她的论文比你的更有价值一些。_.All things considered,her paper is of greater value than yoursTips:过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于:过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系,而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系。Seeing in this light,the
16、 matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.Seen in this light,the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.1.While he was watching TV,he heard a knock at the door.2.If the town is seen from the top of the hill,it looks more beautiful.While watching TV,he heard a knock at the d
17、oor.Seen from the top of the hill,the town looks more beautiful.Rewrite the following sentences using participles:3.As the watch is used for a long time,it needs repairing.4.The boy will be blind in both eyes unless he is treated on time.5.Though he had been told many times he couldnt understand it.
18、Used for a long time,the watch needs repairing.The boy will be blind in both eyes unless treated on time.Having been told many times,he couldnt understand it.6.(2012北京高考)_ with care,one tin will last for six weeks.A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.To use【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:如果小心使用,一罐可以持续六周。非谓语动词use和逻辑主语one tin之间是被动关
19、系,应用过去分词表被动。7.(2012安徽高考)When _ for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A.askingB.asked C.having asked D.to be asked【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:当问到对教学工作的观点时,菲利普说他觉得既有趣又有意义。由于主句的主语是Philip,是别人问Philip,故应该使用过去分词。此题可以转化为When he was asked for his views about his te
20、aching job.。8.(2012全国卷)Film has a much shorter history,especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A.having compared to B.comparing to C.compare toD.compared to【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:电影和音乐、绘画这样的艺术相比,历史是较短的。此处film和compare之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词。when compared to such art forms as music and painting相当于when it is compared to such art。Homework1.Review the grammar.2.Finish the exercises using structures in workbook.3.Practice using the Past Participle as the Adverbial.The love of economy is the root of all virtue.节约是一切美德的根源。
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