1、Lesson 3 Scientific Breakthroughs warm up :A little quizIsaac Newton，1642-1727，British physical scientist、astronomer and mathematician，born in Lincolnshire.He proved the Theory of Gravity to be true.He was British who was living in 18th century.He invented an advanced steam engine which was the last
2、 straw of the First Industry Revolution in western countries.He was born in Scotland in 1847.He immigrated into the USA at the age of 24 and later became a America citizen.He was the inventor of telephone.贝尔(Bell,Alexander Graham)（18471922）Among the several important discoveries made in his life,the
3、 greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.He also discovered famous mathematical statement e=mc(energy equals mass times the speed of light squared).This statement or formula explained that a great amount of energy could come from a small piece of matter.Albert EinsteinOn December
4、 17th,1903,they made the worlds first flight in a machine that was heavier than air and powered by an engine.Wright BrothersThe designer of ENIAC,the first commercial computer made in the United StatesAmerican physicist John William Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert这是美国军方(navy)要求宾州大学莫奇来（Mauchly）博士和他的学生爱克
5、特（Eckert）设计的，准备用来计算炮弹及火箭、导弹(missiles)的弹道，它最终在原子弹的研制中发挥了极大的作用。Alexander Fleming(1881-1955)Scottish biochemistFebruary 14,1929-Fleming Discovers Penicillin.Sir Alexander Fleming was a young bacteriologist when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine.Edwin Hubble
6、American astronomer.He changed our ideas about the universe and how it developed.In the late Nineteen-Twenties,his study lead to the most important astronomical discovery of the Twentieth century-the expanding universe.And he proved that nebulae were galaxies themselves.Astronomers now agree that fa
7、r distant galaxies do exist.Reading practicefor general ideav Reading Strategy(1):v First read the text to get the general idea.Go through the whole text,dont worry about some new word,you dont need to understand every word exactly.Just work out the subject and the main idea.1.The equation e=mc2.Pen
8、icillin3.The first computer4.Other galaxiesEx2.Try to match the discoveries with how they were discovered?a)Scientists worked together as a teamb)There was a lucky accident accidentc)A scientist did research for many yearsd)A scientist was inspiredThe purpose of this article is _.A.the introduction
9、of the Wright BrothersB.the introduction of the process of scientific breakthroughC.introduction of the major scientific discoveries in the 20th centuryD.the contributions scientists made to the worldMatch the pioneers with the deedsThey were specialist in the area of bicycle-repair,but they were in
10、terested in aircraft.They made great contributions to the development of aircraft.v He is aware of recent developments,but he has been working on his own.He showed in his“theory of relativity”that not even time,mass or length is constant.The Wright brothersElbert EinsteinHe proved that the universe
11、is actually expanding,and that further away galaxies are,the faster they move.He was a son of a Scottish shepherd.HEe discovered penicillin.Although his discovery is important,he remained modest.During the 2nd world war,the US Navy turned to them to produce a machine.They didnt finish until after th
12、e war,in February 1946.Edwin HubbleAlexander FlemingEckert and Mauchly Together with their teamReading for specific informationv Reading Strategy(2)v Read the questions/statements and identify important words.v Find the relevant part of the text and identify the important wordsv Decide if the import
13、ant words in the question/statement express the same meaningv Base your decision only on the information in the text.Use the strategies to help youv Exs 4:Are these statements true or false according to the text or is there no information?v Work in groups to use the strategies to work out the proble
14、ms.1.Orville Wright made the first and longest flight on 17 December,1903.2.A bicycle-repair company made the money used in the Wright brothers flying experiments.On December 17,1903,Orville made the first flight in their plane,the Flyer 1,and he flew 39 metres in 12 seconds.TFThe brothers used the
15、company to support their flying machine research and experiments.3.Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation“e=mc”.4.Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.5.Einstein observed changes in time,size and mass.While rocking his one-year-old baby,he thought sthO
16、ver.Suddenly,the equation came to him.The equation also help to create the nuclear bomb.Einstein then showed in his“theory or relativity”that not even time,mass or length are constant.FTF6.Hubble studied the universe for over twenty years.7.Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than we thought
17、 it was.8.Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.9.There was a blue mould around the bacteria in the dish.10.Fleming developed the process for making penicillin.NITThe universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought.NIFT11.The first computer proj
18、ect failed to meet its original goal.12.The first computer was extremely difficult to program.TAlthough they and their team did not finish the machine until after the war.NIvWhile Albert Einstein was rocking his one-year-old baby,he _.A.was aware of recent scientific developments.B.thought over Mari
19、e Curies research.C.he showed that not even time,mass or length are constant.D.came up with the famous“theory of relativity”vVocabulary:vCompound WordsExs 5.Match the categories(a-e)with the examples from the text(1-5).Then add examples of your own.a)compound n.1.one-year-old;world-famous;(n.+n.)far
20、-reachingb)compound v.2.breakthrough;outcomec)Compound adj.3.mass-produce;double-chestd)compound n.4.flying machine;(adj.+n.)nuclear bombe)compound n.5.CD player;jet engine (v.+prep.)Useful expressionsv 仔细考虑，慎重思考v 被想出v 意识到v 越。越。v 向求助v think overv Sth comes to sb no passivev be aware ofv the more,the
21、 morev turn to sb/sthDiscussion v It is predicted（预言）that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.What do you think will be the 5 scientific breakthroughs and how will they influence our life?Have a discussion and voice your opinion.5 Scientific Breakthroughs in the 21st Century
22、1.Well know where we came from.Why does the universe exist?To put it another way,why is there something instead of nothing?Since the 1920s,scientists have known the universe is expanding,which means it must have started at a definite time in the past.They even have developed theories that give a det
23、ailed picture of the evolution of the universe from the time it was a fraction of a second old to the present.We will have a better understanding of how matter behaves at the unfathomably high temperatures and pressures of the early universe.2.Well crack the genetic code and conquer cancer.As scient
24、ists learn more about the genetic code and the way cells work at the molecular 10 level,many serious diseases-cancer,for one-will become less threatening.Using manufactured“therapeutic”viruses,doctors will be able to replace cancer-causing damaged DNA with healthy genes,probably administered by a pi
25、ll or injection.3.Well live longer(120 years?).21st century strides in genetic medicine may let us control and even reverse the process.But before we push scientists to do more,consider:Do we really want to live in a world where no one grows old and few children are born because the planet can hold
26、only so many people?Were would new ideas come from?What would we do with all that extra time?4.Well“manage”Earth.In the next millennium,well stop talking about the weather but will do something about it.Well gradually learn how to predict the effects of human activity on the Earth,its climate and it
27、s ecosystems.5.Well have a brain“road map”.Early in the next century,we will use advanced forms of magnetic resonance21 imaging to produce detailed maps of the neurons in operation.Well be able to say with certainty which ones are working when you read a word,when you say a word,why you think about a word,and so on.
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