1、1starve vi.&vt. (使)挨饿；饿死starvation n饿死；挨饿；绝食2sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的3comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的comprehension n理解4frequent adj. 频繁的；经常的frequently adv.频繁地；经常frequency n频率；频繁5restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束restrictive adj.限制的；限制性的；约束的6harmony n协调；和睦；融洽；调和harm
2、onious adj.和谐的7origin n. 起源；开始original adj.原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的originate vi.&vt. 起源；发源；创立8regular adj. 定期的；规律的regularly adv. 定期地；规律地regulate vt.& vi.约束；管理regulation n. 章程；规章制度9inspect vt. 检查；查看；视察inspection n. 检查；查看；视察10tolerate vt. 忍受；包容；容许tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的tolerance n. 宽容；容忍1release vt.&n.排放；释放；发布Fi
3、refighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.释放Under the agreement，releases of cancercausing chemicals will be cut by about 80 percent.排放He is releasing an album of love songs.发布2seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制“Leigh，” he said，“seizing my arm to hold me back.” 抓住Troops have seized the airpor
4、t and railway terminals(铁路枢纽). 夺取UN officials say two military observers were seized by the Khmer Rouge yesterday. 控制Words and Phrases知识要点1starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死教材P26An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved a
5、nd died.一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。例1The new job doesnt pay as much but we wont starve!新工作的工资不多，不过我们不至于挨饿！例2A number of the prisoners we saw are starving.我们看到一些囚犯快要饿死了。知识拓展(1)starve to death饿死starve for渴望；急需(2)starved adj.感到很饿的be starved to death被饿死be starved of/for极需；缺乏(3)starvation n.挨饿；
6、饿死即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The frontier station was starved for food and water.Whole communities starved to death during the long drought.She went on a starvation(starve) diet and ended up in hospital.Our factories are starved of/for firstclass technical men now.现在我们的工厂缺少一流的技术人员。小片段填空Mr.White earns only a lit
7、tle wage，so he starves for a job with better pay.You see，no one likes to starve to death.知识要点2refer to查阅，参考；涉及，关于；提到，谈起，指的是；提交教材P2627The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earths surface as shortwave radiation.“自然”温室效应是指来自太阳的热量进入大气层，
8、以短波辐射的形式为地表增温。例1I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过不再提这事了。例2Please refer to the righthand column of page 200 of this dictionary.请参看这本词典第二百页右面一栏。知识拓展refer.to.把提交给/委托给refer to.as.把看作/称为即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Tom is going to refer the matter to the meeting.Qiao Feng is referred to as a big hero.So
9、me people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳，而不认为是缺乏能力。知识要点3be trapped in 被困在中教材P27When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to
10、rise quickly.当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。例1She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。例2He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。知识拓展trap sb.into (doing) sth.使某人陷入的圈套；使上当fall into the trap of doing sth.掉进的陷阱fall into a trap掉进陷阱即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I was trapped into tel
11、ling(tell) the police all I knew.A lot of us fall into the trap of finding(find) happiness from the outside world.If the bus was trapped in the snow，there was virtually no way to evacuate those four kids.如果公共汽车被困在暴风雪中，那么几乎没有办法使这四个孩子撤离。小片段填空The hunter set a trap which was used to trap the animal into
12、 moving(move) into the trap.But the little boy fell into the trap by accident.知识要点4result in 导致；造成教材P27Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and longlasting changes to the global climate.不断排放的温室气体将导致全球气候进一步变暖，造成持久性全球气候变化。例1Food allergies can result in an enormous variety
13、of different symptoms.食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。例2These policies resulted in many elderly people feeling happy.这些政策使得许多老人感到幸福。知识拓展result from由于，由引起as a result结果as a result of由于即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Childrens fear and dislike of books may result from being made to read aloud before others.As a result of his illness，he
14、 was late for class.When you do something with faith，it will result in success当你有信心的去做某事时，就会成功。知识要点5restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚教材P27We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式所产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。例1Having s
15、mall children tends to restrict your freedom.有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。例2The long skirt restricted her movements.长裙妨碍了她的行动。知识拓展(1)restrict.to.把限制在be restricted to限于restrict sb./oneself to doing sth.约束干(2)restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束without restriction毫无限制即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I restrict myself(me) to one cup of coffee
16、 a day.We restrict the number of students per class to 40.The park is open to the public without restriction(restrict)The speed is restricted to 30 kilometers an hour here.在此地车速被限制为每小时三十公里。知识要点6seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制教材P27It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global
17、 warming.我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育大家认识全球变暖例1She tried to seize the gun from him.她试图抢夺他的枪。例2The army has seized control of the country.军队已经控制全国。知识拓展seize the chance/opportunity抓住机会seize.by surprise突袭seize sb.by the arm抓住某人胳膊seize on/upon采用；抓住；利用即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The troop seized the city by surprise before the en
18、emies realised it.The little boy seized me by the arm to beg for some money.We seize on his remark and regard it as a promise.Bob seized on/upon the rain as an excuse for missing school.鲍勃以下雨为借口不去上学。知识要点7submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服；顺从；认为教材P28According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20 an
19、d 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.根据研究人员提交的报告，每年20%至25%的二氧化碳排放量是由热带森林的破坏造成的。例1Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。例2But I cannot submit，I can become my own master.但我并不会屈服的，我会成为自己的主人的。知识拓展(1)submit sth
20、.to sb.提交；呈递某物给某人submit (oneself) to sb./sth.顺从；屈服submit that提议；认为(2)submissive adj.服从的；顺从的；恭顺的submission n.屈服；呈送；提交即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He submitted the report on the matter to the committee.Well submit ourselves(us) to the courts judgement.I submit that the terms are entirely unreasonable.The students m
21、ust submit themselves to the disciplines at school.学生在学校必须遵守纪律。小片段填空The general had to submit the agreement to the enemies.That is to say，he submitted(submit) to them.Sentence Patterns重点句式1There is little doubt that.教材P26There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。句
22、式分析There is little/no doubt that.毫无疑问；doubt后面用that引导同位语从句；当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的从句用that引导；用于肯定句时，后面的从句用whether引导。例1There is no doubt that it was a strange and interesting situation.毫无疑问，那是一个奇怪而有趣的局面。例2There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.毫无疑问，我们做得对。知识拓展(1)I have no doubt that.我确信I have
23、 some doubt whether.我怀疑(2)I doubt whether/ifclause我怀疑I dont doubt thatclause我不怀疑Do you doubt thatclause?你怀疑吗？即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I dont doubt that he will succeed.I doubt whether/if we will make a profit out of it.There is no doubt that in your mind he is innocent，is there?There is some doubt whether he
24、will come to help us他是否会来帮助我们还有些疑虑。重点句式2not only.but also.教材P27There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.有强有力且详尽的证据表明，气温上升导致世界范围内的极端天气和
25、自然灾害增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。句式分析句中的not only.but also.表示“不但，而且”，连接并列的句子结构。例1Air not only occupies space，but it also has weight.空气不仅占据空间，而且它还具有重量。例2Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.莎士比亚不仅是一个作家，还是一个演员。知识拓展(1)not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。(2)not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用。not only与bu
26、t also后面所连接的词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”，谓语动词的数应与but also后的名词的数保持一致。(3)not only放在句首，后面的句子要用部分倒装。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Not only the students but also the teacher was(be) invited.Not only are you funny，but also you are witty (机智的)Not only you but also she has(have) to attend the ceremony.The old workers instruct the
27、 young workers not only in words but in deeds老工人对青年工人不仅言传而且身教。1Experts claimed that low seaice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.分析该句为复合句。Experts claimed 是主句；that引导宾语从句，作claimed的宾语；该宾语从句中的the bear
28、 could not hunt seals as before也是宾语从句，作meant的宾语；caused by climate change是过去分词作后置定语，修饰low seaice levels；so连接的是并列句。译文专家称，气候变化导致的海洋冰川位置低意味着这只熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹，因此它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。2Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings: the “natural”
29、 greenhouse effect and the “manmade” greenhouse effect.分析句中的“called the greenhouse effect”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰process；which引导非限定性定语从句。译文气候科学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程，叫作“温室效应”，它有两个共同的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。教材高考1.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme wea
30、ther and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.(2019北京卷)Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.(2019全国卷).however，biologists calculate that there are about 20
31、，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.2.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and longlasting changes to the global climate.(2020新高考全国卷)His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturallygrown land that has become home to many plants and animals.3.It is our responsibility to
32、 seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.(2019天津卷)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me.单句语法填空1Not only he but also we are(be) interested in football.2I doubt whether they are not cheating people into making the bargain sale.3Drought
33、has left more than two million people close to starvation(starve)4The teacher referred(refer) to in my last letter has gone abroad.5The old man was trapped into buying(buy) a secondhand TV set.6The speech has resulted in a firestorm of controversy.7Discipline problems are by no means restricted to c
34、hildren in families dependent on benefits.8Before he could run away，she seized him by the collar.9He has submitted himself(him) a search by the guard.10When molten(melt) steel cools，it changes into a solid.短语填空starve to death；refer to；be trapped in；take action；result in；submit to1This resulted in a
35、considerable loss to the exchequer(财政部)2Luckily，he was not murdered，but trapped in the elevator for days.3Study the example and refer to the explanation below.4Tens of thousands of people starved to death because of the civil war.5The heroic people will never submit to foreign rule.6They took action
36、 to speed the new law through Parliament(国会).课文语法填空There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013，many people 1.were shocked(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died.Experts claimed that low seaice levels 2.caused(cause) by climate ch
37、ange meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distance 3.to find(find) food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，4.which has two common meanin
38、gs: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “manmade” greenhouse effect.The “manmade” greenhouse effect has now become 5.a big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence 6.that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.In fact，news repo
39、rts are 7.frequently(frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves 8.causing(cause) deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and longlasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9.restricting(restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10.to seize(seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.11