1、Section Grammar现在分词语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.We saw a sleeping boy in the room.2.When people think of factories，they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers.3.Other types of waste flow into our water，killing river and sea life.4.Asking around，I find many people wil
2、ling to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.5.What Im here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.1.例句1和例句2中的现在分词(短语)在句中作定语，其位置不同，单个的现在分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰词
3、的前面，而现在分词短语作定语时通常放在所修饰词的后面。2.例句3、例句4和例句5中的现在分词短语在句中作状语，其位置也是较为灵活，可以在句首，也可位于句末；例句3和例句4中，现在分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，例句5中的现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。一、现在分词的形式、意义和语态现在分词的构成为“动词ing”。现在分词有一般式和完成式，还有主动和被动两种形式。语态形式结构用法主动语态一般式doing表示一般性的动作，或表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生完成式having done表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，特别强调动作已经完成被动语
4、态一般式being done所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作完成式having been done表示一个被动动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.玛丽生气地指着布告说。Having watered the vegetables，we began to dig the ground.我们浇过菜之后，就开始挖地。This is the computer being repaired by Tom.这就是汤姆正在修的电脑。Having been criticized by the teacher，Wang Ming
5、 gave up smoking.受到老师的批评后，王明戒烟了。即时训练1单句语法填空The building being repaired(repair) now is our school library.Dont keep the children working(work) on their lessons all day.Having been called(call) by a stranger，he realized what would happen.二、现在分词的句法功能1作定语单个的现在分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后，且往往可转化为
6、定语从句。Changing attitudes towards education.不断变化对教育的看法。The building being built now will be our dining hall.The building which is being built now will be our dining hall.现在正在建造的建筑将是我们的餐厅。明辨异同现在分词作定语它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的逻辑主语，并且通常可转换成一个定语从句动名词作定语表示的是被修饰名词的作用、用途等比较：a sleeping baby正在睡觉的婴儿(sleeping为现在分词，与baby是逻
7、辑上的主谓关系)a sleeping bag睡袋(sleeping为动名词，说明bag的用途)即时训练2句型转换Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise.Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.This is the path which leads to the school.This is the path leading to the school.2作表语现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在
8、连系动词be，get，become，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的，但也是令人疲劳的。The news is encouraging.这消息令人鼓舞。明辨异同现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征。不可与主语交换位置动名词作表语对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。可与主语交换位置My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。(interesting为现在分词，表示“工作”的特征)My job is teaching.我的工作是教书。(tea
9、ching为动名词，它是对“工作”内容的进一步说明)即时训练3单句语法填空The story that old man told was touching(touch)Yes，and very inspiring(inspire)What he said was disappointing(disappoint)The result of the accident is shocking(shock)3作补语现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at，listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find
10、等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。变成被动语态时，现在分词就成了主语补足语。The police caught him stealing a car.警察当场撞见他在偷汽车。He was caught stealing a car by the police.他偷汽车时被警察当场撞见。I could feel my heart beating wildly.我能够感觉到我的心在剧烈地跳动。We noticed him swimming in the swimming pool.我们注意到他在游泳池里游泳。名师点津在感官动词或动词短语(see，watch，observe，look at，hear，
11、listen to，notice等)和使役动词(have)后面的宾语补足语常有三种形式，即不带to的不定式、现在分词或过去分词。不带to的不定式表主动和完成；现在分词表主动和进行；过去分词表被动和完成。即时训练4单句语法填空/完成句子We found him waiting(wait)to receive us.We kept the fire burning(burn)all the time.她让我们在这儿等了一个小时。She kept us waiting here for an hour.今天早上10点钟有人发现他在洗车。He was found washing the car at
12、ten this morning.4作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。现在分词作状语，是对谓语动词表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬，也就是说现在分词表示的是比较次要的动作，是对谓语动词表示的动作或状态的补充说明，但它们表示的动作(或状态)是与谓语动词动作同时发生(或进行)的。现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1)作时间状语，可以转换为when/while引导的时间状语从句。Leaving the airport(When they left the airport)，they waved again and again to us.离开机场时，
13、他们频频向我们挥手。(2)作原因状语，可以转换为because/since/as引导的原因状语从句。Being league members(Since we are league members)，we are ready to help others.由于我们是团员，我们乐意帮助别人。(3)作结果状语，常表示自然而然的、预料之中的结果。可以转换为so that引导的结果状语从句。He fell off the bike，hitting(so that he hit)his head against a big stone.他从自行车上摔了下来，头撞到了一块大石头上。名师点津动词不定式作结果
14、状语时，常表示出乎意料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。They lifted a rock，only to drop it on their own feet.他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。(4)作条件状语，可以转换为if引导的条件状语从句。Using your head(If you use your head)，youll have a good idea.如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出好办法来的。(5)作让步状语，可以转换为though/although等引导的让步状语从句。Knowing(Though/Although they knew)all this，they mad
15、e me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解了这一切，但还是要我赔偿损失。(6)作伴随状语和方式状语，可以转换为与原句并列的一个分句。The girls came in，following(and followed)their parents.那些女孩子跟在她们父母的后面进来了。即时训练5用所给词的适当形式填空/句型转换Having eaten(eat)at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there again.Living(live)in the country，we had few social engagement
16、s.A lot of good land has gone with rain water，leaving(leave)only sand.Being ill，she was in hospital.Because/Since/As she was ill，she was in hospital.三、现在分词的特殊结构1连词现在分词when，while，if，though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词后可接现在分词作状语，相当于这些连词引导的状语从句的省略，这时现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。While(While he was)listening
17、 to the debate，he made notes.听辩论时，他做了笔记。If walking(If you are walking)the dog，you should be careful and dont let it get loose.如果你在遛狗，当心别松了手。2not现在分词现在分词的否定形式是在其前加not。Not knowing what to do next，she stopped to think.不知道下一步做什么，她停下来思考。Not having finished the homework，the little girl is not allowed to p
18、lay outside.由于没完成作业，这个小女孩不被允许出去玩。3现在分词的固定短语有些惯用的现在分词的固定短语，在句子中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，我们称这种成分为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见的有：generally speaking一般来说frankly speaking 坦白地说strictly speaking 严格地说honestly speaking 诚实地说judging from/by. 根据来判断Generally speaking，the learned are respected by people.一
19、般来说，有学问的人受人尊敬。Judging from his look，he didnt agree with you at all.从他的神情判断，他根本不同意你的看法。即时训练6句型转换/完成句子Though he was ill，he still continued studying.Though being ill，he still continued studying.To be honest，I didnt do it on purpose.Honestly speaking，I didnt do it on purpose.没完成这项任务，他们不得不在那儿再待上两周。Not ha
20、ving completed/finished the task，they have to stay there for another two weeks.单句语法填空1While reading(read)the book，he nodded from time to time.2Having suffered(suffer)from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.3Looking(look)at my classmates faces，
21、I read the same excitement in their eyes.4The lawyer listened with full attention，trying(try)not to miss any point.5Judging(judge) from his tone，theres no doubt he is against the plan.6When we returned，we found a stranger standing(stand)in front of the house.7Tell Mary that theres someone waiting(wait)for her at the door.8Having been told(tell) many times，he finally understood the problem.9When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling(tell)me stories till I fell asleep.10The result of the test was rather disappointing(disappoint)