1、Module3BodyLanguageandNon-verbalCommunicationGrammar1.adverbial clause of condition(条件状语从句).2.adverbial clause of concession(让步状语从句).Learning aimsAdverbial clause of condition条件状语从句语法感知Do you know from which film the film lines come?Once there was a true love before me;曾经有份真挚的感情摆在我面前；I didnt cherish
2、(珍惜);我没有珍惜；I was not regretful until I lost it.直到失去才后悔莫及。语法感知如果上天可以再给我一次机会，我会对那个女孩说三个字我爱你。_ the heaven can give me another chance,I _speak three words to that girl I love you.如果要在这份爱前加一个期限，我希望是：一万年。_ I need to put a date before the love,I wish it is 10 thousand years.IfwillIfI.Adverbial clause of co
3、ndition(条件状语从句)一、定义：条件状语从句表示主句动词发生的前提或条件的从句。Grammar二、引导条件状语从句的连词有：ifunless(除非)provided/providing (that从句)(只要)suppose/supposing (that从句)(假设)wordsuas(so)long as(只要)uon condition that (如果)uin case(以防)phrases1)If I see her,Ill invite her to the party.如果我看到她，我会邀请她来这个宴会。2)Youll be late for school unless y
4、ou get up half an hour earlier.除非你早起半小时，否则你上学会迟到的。3)As long as you work hard,youll succeed sooner or later.只要你努力，迟早会成功的。4)Suppose/supposing you fail,what will you do next?假如你失败了，下一步你打算怎么做？5)He can come with us,provided/providing he pays for his own meals.他可以和我们一起来，只要他付自己的饭钱。5)The plane cannot take o
5、ff in case it rains.万一下雨了，飞机就不能起飞了。【注意】1.主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。If he arrives tomorrow,I will be waiting for him at the airport.如果他明天到的话，我将在机场等他。I will not say anything unless he asks me.如果他不问我，我什么都不会说的。2.如果从句由if 或unless 引导，又有联系动词be，条件状语从句可用省略形式。Come tomorrow if possible.可能的话就明天来吧。If so,you m
6、ust go back and get it.如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。此外还有：if necessary /if not/if possible/if any/if ever等。We are actors!Jack:如果我没赢得船票，我就不会遇见你。Rose:如果再给我一次机会，我还会乘坐这艘船。If I dont win the ticket,I will not meet you.If I have another chance,I will still take this ship.We are actors!Jack:如果只有一次幸存的机会，我希望给你。Rose:除非死神降临
7、，否则我不会离开你。If there is only one chance to survive,I hope you have it.Unless Death comes,I will not leave you.II.Adverbial clause of concession(让步状语从句)一、定义：在句子中作让步状语、表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念的从句叫让步状语从句。让步状语从句可置于句首、句尾或句中。They will stand by you even if you dont succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会站在你这边的。Although/Though he was wor
8、n out,(still)he kept on working.尽管他累坏了，但还是继续工作。二、引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：wordsphrases though although as whilel even though/ifl whether.or.,l no matter+疑问词l 疑问词+ever三：让步状语从句连词的具体用法：1.although和though（尽管；虽然）不可与but连用，但可与yet，still连用。Although/Though it was raining hard，(yet)they went on playing football.尽管雨下得很大，但
9、是他们继续踢足球。2.as 引导让步状语从句的用法引导让步状语从句时，as意为“虽然，尽管”，通常从句要倒装，倒装的方法是将从句的表语，状语或动词放在as之前。即：adj./n.(不加冠词)/adv./v.(原形)+as+主语+其他。这时as和though 可以互换。Worker as she is,she works hard.她虽然是名工人，但是很努力工作。Try as he would,he could not lift the rock.虽然尽了最大努力，但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。Hard as she worked,she still failed.【注意】though,altho
10、ugh,as 引导让步状语从句的区别：though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装；although引导的让步状语从句不能倒装;可用省略句。as 引导的让步状语从句必须倒装；不可用省略句。【即学即练】1.Unsatisfied _ with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.A.though was he B.though he was C.he was though D.was he though 【解题关键】考查倒装句。此处为though引导的让步状语从句倒装。句型为:adj.+though/as
11、+主语+谓语,由此可知B符合。3.while 引导让步状语从句的用法while引导的让步状语从句放句首，意为“虽然；尽管”，不能用于倒装。While I am willing to help,I dont have much money.4.even though/even if 引导的让步状语从句，意为“即使”。I support you even if you fail.即使你失败了，我也支持你。He went on talking even though no one was listening.即使没有人在听，他还是继续讲下去。5.whether.or.可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是
12、还是；不论是否”。Youll have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy.无论你是否有空，你都要参加这个仪式。We have offered him the job,but we dont know whether he will accept it.我们给他提供了那份工作，但我们不知道他是否会接受。6.no matter what（who，which，when，etc.）与whatever（whoever，whichever，whenever，etc.）的区别：当引导让步状语从句时，两者相同，可以互换。但当引导名词性从句（
13、主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）时则只能用whatever（whoever，whichever，whenever，etc.）。I want to marry the man I love,no matter who he may be.=I want to marry the man I love,whoever he may be.(让步状语从句)Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize.(主语从句，不能换成 No matter who)1._ I feel lonely,I think about you.2._h
14、e is,he is very rude to me!3._ I go,I always meet interesting people.5._late you arrive,Ill come and meet you.6.I feel shy _ she says hello to me.7.I hear that song _ I switch on the radio.8._ much I study,I find these exercises difficult.wheneverWhereverHoweverWheneverWhereverHoweverwhenever【即学即练】完
15、成句子Class exercises1.(2015安徽高考）_scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.A.OnceB.SinceC.ThoughD.Unless【解题关键】考查连词。句意:尽管科学家们已经了解了许多关于宇宙的知识,可是还有许多我们依然不知道的。前后两个分句存在让步关系。2.(2015北京高考)You wont find paper cutting difficult_ you keep practicing it.A.even though B.as lo
16、ng as C.as if D.ever since【解题关键】句意:只要你不断练习,你就不会觉得剪纸很难。as long as只要,引导条件状语从句。3.(2015福建高考)_ the students came from different countries,they got along quite well in the summer camp.A.While B.Unless C.Since D.Until【解题关键】句意:尽管学生们来自不同的国家,可是他们在夏令营相处得很好。while表示“尽管,虽然”引导让步状语从句。Pre-writing1.Read and answer:1)
17、Who is the first invitation from?2)Who is the second invitation from?3)Which is formal or informal?How do you know?Mr.and Mrs.Harry Blunkett.Sylvia.The first invitation is formal.We know because of the language used.2.Look at these expressions.Which are formal,and which are informal?pleased to accep
18、t/unable to accept/Thanks a lot/Im very sorryThe key:“Thanks a lot”is informal;the other three are formal.3.Conclusion:邀请函包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件，形式上大体分为两种:一种为正规的格式(formal correspondence);一种是非正式格式(informal correspondence)。邀请信一定要将邀请的时间(年、月、日、钟点)、地点、场合写清楚，不能使接信人存在任何疑虑。邀请信的回复邀请信的复信要求简明扼要，在书写时应注意以下几点:1)
19、接受邀请的复信中应重复写上邀请信中的某些内容，如邀请年、月、日，星期几、几点钟等，如“Ill be delighted to attend your luncheon next Friday,May the fifth,at twelve oclock”.。Writing2)邀请信的复信中应明确表明接受邀请还是不接受邀请，不能含糊其辞，如不能写“Ill come if Im in town.”这类的话，以致对方无法做出安排。在接受邀请的复信中，应对受到邀请表示高兴。谢绝的复信中应阐明不能应邀的缘由。Write a short reply to one of the invitations.Us
20、e one of the expressions from activity 2.(P28)Dear Mr and Mrs Blunkett,I was delighted to receive the invitation to your daughters wedding on March 5th.I am very pleased to accept,and look forward to meeting you there.Yours sincerely,Peter J.Smith 35Go over the grammar that we have learned this class!Homework
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