1、Grammar Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaShe is a _ girl.lovelyThis is a _cup.teaThere are _ children.threeShe is a woman _.with a baby in her armThis is a film_ Hero.calledThis is a _ bird.flying定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driv
2、ing too fast was a drunk.先行词和关系词q先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。q关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。q先行词、关系词/引导词对等 代替That is the bike which my father bought for me.先行词关系词bikeq关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分,还代替先行词。1.定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。又称形容词性从句。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3.关系代词关系副词：引导定语从句的词。关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose,which,thatwhen,wher
3、e,why在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语定语从句(Attributive Clauses)关系代词定语从句常用的关系代词有：that,who(m),whose,which等。1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省）1)A plane is a machine that can fly.A plane is a machine which can fly.2)Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday?Who was hurt in the accident which
4、happened yesterday?3)Have you found the bike that you lost?Have you found the bike which you lost?Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?2.which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。(which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。）1)His father works in a factory that makes TV sets.His father works in a factory which makes TV
5、 sets.2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful.The film which we saw last night was very wonderful.The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful.3.who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人，代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident aremy classm
6、ates.The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are myclassmates.2)He knew the teacher who we met yesterday.He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.He knew the teacher(that)we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。q I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.I
7、saw a woman the bag of whom was stolen.q Ill call a person.His father knows you.Ill call a person whose father knows you.q Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.Please show me the book the cover of which is red.1)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.Thi
8、s is the hero of whom we are proud.2)She is the girl(whom)I went with there.She is the girl with whom I went there.关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for.Here are the picture-b
9、ooks which the children are looking for.Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有数种作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。o在句中作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。关系副词有三种：where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点。(on/in/atwhich)when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/in/duringwhich)why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。指代内容所做成分是否可省略whenwh
10、erewhy关系副词的用法关系副词的用法不可省略时间地点原因状语状语状语when 在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.Ill never forget the time which/that was spent with you.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示地点的名词。相当于“介词+which”。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句Th
11、is is the house where I lived two years ago.The library(which/that)you visited yesterday was built in 1990.in whichwhere 引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance等先行词。There are cases where this rule does not hold good.Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于rea
12、son之后，相当于for which。Do you know the reason why she was late?The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.定语从句中需注意事项v 有些情况下只用关系词that，而不宜用which。1.先行词被形容词最高级，序数词以及the very,the only修饰时,只能用that引导从句.This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we wil
13、l take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything等不定代词时,只能用that引导从句。Here is something(that)I will tell you.Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句。I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.4.先行词是one of,the one,或用little,few,no,all,any
14、作修饰，用that。Is it the one that you want?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.当主句是以 who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，关系词用that。Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?1.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.
15、when C.that D.where2.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which3.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.which 4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.
16、with whom5.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.where C.in which D.that7.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where 8.The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an officebuilding.A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which
17、9.Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which 10.A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever11.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions
18、of my own.A.which B.where C.how D.why12.I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what13.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets _ life has developed gradually.A.that B.where C.which D.whose14.Ive become good friend wi
19、th several of thestudent in my school _ I meet in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which 15.Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.A.that B.which C.whose D.what16.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by w
20、hich C.to which D.from which 17.A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A.when B.that C.where D.there18.The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A.when B.that C.where D.which1.The person _ you should
21、write to is Mr.Ball.2.The person to _ you should write is Mr.Ball.3.The games _ he competed in were swimming and shooting.4.The games in _ he competed were swimming and shooting.5.Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhich用适当的关系词填空why7.This is the factory _ he
22、worked ten years ago.8.This is the factory _ makes toys.9.He is the boy _ family was poor.10.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.where/in whichwhosewhich/thatwith which1.在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。The boys _ are from Class One.2.他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。He has a friend _.3.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。I still remember the
23、day _ _.whose father is a doctor汉译英who are playing footballmet Jenniferwhen I first 4.她是那个和我一起去那儿的女孩。She is the girl _.5.这就是那个去年我待的地方。This is the city _ I stayed last year.=This is the city where I stayed last year.with whom I went therein which6.我永远不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子。Ill never forget these days _ _ I stayed with you.=Ill never forget these days when I stayed with you.in/duringwhich
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