1、Grammar and usage To-infinitiveFigure out the meanings of the proverbs and the usage of the underlined part.To know everything is to knownothing.It is easier to get money than to keep it.Eat to live,but not live to eat.什么都知道一如什么都不知道。挣钱容易，攒钱难。吃饭是为了生活，但活着不是为了吃饭。I.The to-infinitive can be1.subject of a
2、 sentence To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。了解英语是一回事，会英语是另一回事。_ something about English is one thing;_ English is quite another.先制定个计划是个好主意。_ a plan first is a good idea.To knowto knowTo make 学好英语很难。_ is difficult.=It is difficult _.再见到你真高兴。Its a great pleasure to see you again.To study English wellto stu
3、dy English wellTip:动词不定式和不定式短语做主语时，常用it做形式主语，其句型结构为：It is+形容词或名词（或词组）+不定式短语。这时的形容词常为easy,difficult,hard,good,useful,wrong,right,necessary,impossible,important 等。名词或词组常为a fact,a great day,a great thing,a pity 等。如要说明动词不定式的动作的执行者，可在不定式前加一个介词for引导的短语，其句型结构为：It is+形容词+for sb+不定式短语。如：Mr White thinks that
4、it is right for rich people to help poor people.但如果表语是kind,nice,clever,wise,foolish,careless 等描述动作执行者的性格品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加一个of引导的短语,而不用for,句型结构为:It is+形容词+of sb.+不定式短语。如：Its kind of you to help me with my math.固定结构It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.(做某事花费某人多少时间)。如：他花了5个月的时间学开车。It took him five month
5、s to learn to drive.动词不定式还可以和what,where,how,when,which等连接代词（副词）连用，在句中做主语。如：如何使用电脑是个问题。_ is a problem.How to use the computer2.object 英语中能以不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有afford,decide,expect,hope,learn,want,offer 等。如：Indians _ hot food.(喜欢吃)They _ a map.(需要看)like to eatneed to look at 疑问词+带to的不定式结构可作动词宾语。这些疑问词是who,
6、what,when,where,which,how等。和这结构连用的动词（词组）有find out,decide,know,tell,forget,understand,wonder等。如：我不知道如何用电脑。I dont know how to use a computer.We havent decided _.(什么时候开始）when to start1.I couldnt decide _.(买哪辆自行车)2.Ask him _.(什么时候把它打开)3.I told her _.(怎么找到我)which bicycle to buywhen to open ithow to find
7、me3.object complement1)动词+宾语+带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词（词组）有ask,teach,tell,want,like,ask for,wait for,advise,invite,have,warn,wish,get等。如：Who taught you to play the piano?He told me not to bring you anything.2)动词+宾语+不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。用于这结构的是使役动词和感官动词，如feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,let,make,ha
8、ve等。这些动词后宾语补足语不用to;在动词help后的不定式宾语补足语，to可有可无。如：我们看男孩子们踢足球。We watched the boys play football.It was raining heavily outside.The father made _(让孩子们呆在房间里）in the room.the children stayTip:hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,make,have等在被动语态中，不定式作宾语补足语必须加上to;let不能用于被动语态。如：-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zha
9、ngs home just now.-Yes,she is often seen to help the old man with his housework.4.attribute 动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面，与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.若动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。如：She has no house to live in.没有要担心的事了。There is nothing
10、to worry about.1.I havent got a chair _.A.to sit B.for to sit onC.to sit on D.for sitting2.When I handed the report to John,he said that George was the person_.A.to send B.B.for sending itC.to send it to D.for sending it to4.Lets find a box _.A.for us to put the box in it B.to put the books in C.to
11、put the books in it D.to put the books5.Because of air pollution being reduced,this city is still_.A.a good place for livingB.lived as a good placeC.a good place to live inD.living in as a good place 此外，不定式还可用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic.
12、Columbus was the first _ the New Continent.A.to have discoveredB.to discoverC.discovering D.having discoveredthe first/next/last/best这样的词语时,后面用to do.5.predicative 动词不定式用在连系动词后，作表语。常见的连系动词有be,seem等。常见句型：主语+be+to do sth.It seems to be an interesting book.我的工作是帮助病人。My job is to help the patient.6.adver
13、bial1)表示目的。(not)to do sth.也可用in order(not)to do sth./so as(not)todo sth代替，但so as(not)todo sth不放在句首。如：You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes to check the tickets.She explained the word again with some examples in order to make herself understood.In order to/To make herself understood,she
14、 explained the word again with some examples.2)表示结果。动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。如：Its too heavy for little Tom to carry.Is the river deep enough to swim in?II.不定式的基本形式时态/语态主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to be doing/进行式to have doneto have been done She was too surprised _(see)how angry her father was.I p
15、lan to attend the meeting _(hold)tomorrow.He pretended _(sleep)when I came in.to seeto be heldto be sleeping Im terribly sorry _(keep)you waiting.Harry Potter series of novels are said _(translate)into dozens of languages.to have keptto have been translatedWhats more1.Why not,Will you please,Youd be
16、tter,would rather,let后不用to,直接跟动词原形。You look rather tired.Why not _(stop)to take a rest?Will you please _(turn)it down?Its too noisy.stopturn 你最好骑车去学校。Youd better go to school by bike._(我宁愿待在家里),doing nothing than go to the party with him.I would rather stay at home2.and,but*,or,except后。He wants to d
17、o nothing but _(go)out.He wants to believe anything but _(take)the medicine.goto takeIII.consolidation Turn to page 9 and complete the letter.Report the letter to your desk mate,using your own language.Homework:C1 on page 100 in Workbook.Relevant exercises in Assessment book.动词不定式综合巩固练习 Jane is said
18、 _ to China three times.She loves China so much.A.to have been B.to have gone C.to go D.be in With many details _,we cant give you a reply now.A.remain to check B.remaining to be checked C.remained to check D.remained to be checked As a young fashion model,she was not yet used _ in public.A.to be lo
19、oked at B.to being looked at C.being looked at D.to look at I remember putting the bike in front of the building,but it is nowhere _.A.to find B.to be found C.finding D.to be finding-Does your brother intend to study German?-Yes,he intends _.A.C.so D.thatB.to He gave us some advice on how_ English.A
20、.learning B.learned D.learnC.to learn Mrs.Smith warned her husband _ after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice
21、The harder we study,the more questions we think of _.A.asked C.asking D.askB.to ask Eddie is said _ a new computer program recently,but I dont know when she will finish it.A.to design B.to be designing C.to have been designing D.to have designed Wu Dong wanted to surf on the Internet,but his father
22、told him _.A.not to do B.not do it C.do not toD.not to-Do you have anything more _,sir?-No.You may have a rest or do something else.A.typing C.typed D.to typeB.to be typed She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest
23、They knew her very well.They had seen her_ up from childhood.B.grew C.was growing D.to grow A.growll The murderer was brought in,with his hands _behind his back.A.being tied B.having tiedC.to be tied D.tied The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river.A.to have discov
24、ered B.to have been discovered C.to discover D.having been discovered The sun was shining brightly,_ everything there _ more beautiful.A.making;lookB.to make;lookedC.and made;lookingD.And making;be lookedThey looked forward with hope _ a chance to receive further education.A.for getting B.of getting
25、 C.to get D.to gettingTowards evening,the patient opened his mouth as if _ something to his son.A.said B.say D.to have saidC.to sayAt no time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning,for she is always too busy _ a good rest.B.taking C.taken D.took A.to take Mr Green is said _ an experiment to p
26、rove the new method of solving the problem when young.A.to do C.to be doing D.to have been doingB.to have done In a word,all of us should spend our valuable time just on the right things we find _.A.worth being done B.to be worth doing C.them worth doing D.worth doing them-Ill be away on holiday for
27、 a few days.Would you mind looking after my dog?-_.A.No,Id like it.B.Id better not.C.Never mind.D.No,Id be happy to.To read aloud the English text before breakfast seemed to me a rule _.A.to never break B.never to be breaking C.never to have broken D.never to be broken-Do you have any trouble in reading the book?-No,in fact,I find _.A.easy for readingB.it easy readingC.it easy to readD.easy to read it
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