1、Section Grammar五种主要时态新知导引用括号内词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征。1Grandfather and father,seated at the table,_(play)chess.2I remember when you _(be)his age,you _(say)that you _(want)to be a professional football player.3If you _(go)to university and play music at the same time,you _(have)two options for your
2、 future.4I _(decide)not to go to university.I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I _(leave)school.are playingwere said wanted gowill havehave decidedleave语法精释初中阶段，同学们主要学习了以下五种时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时和一般将来时。此单元复习这五种时态。一、一般现在时1构成：动词原形(主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)2用法：(1)表示习惯性、经常性或反
3、复出现的动作或状态或表示现在的特征、状态、能力、性格、个性等，常与 always,every time,now and then,often,seldom,sometimes,usually 等时间状语连用。The students often do their experiments in the lab.学生们经常在实验室做实验。He always goes to work by bus,and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.他经常乘公共汽车上班，而且每天晚饭后和妻子一起散步。即学即练 1 单句语法填空During
4、 the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often _(gather)together to share a meal,admire(欣赏)the moon and enjoy moon cakes.My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school _(come)first.On Monday mornings it usually _(take)me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance(距离)is
5、only 20 miles.gather comes takes(2)表示普遍真理、客观事实等，也可用在格言警句中。As we all know,the earth travels around the sun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。Pride goes before a fall.骄傲使人失败。即学即练 2 单句语法填空While running regularly(经常)cant make you live forever,the review(报 告)says it _(be)more effectiv
6、e(有 效 的)at lengthening(延长)life than walking,cycling or swimming.Fast food _(be)full of fat and salt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.is is3特殊用法：表示将来。(1)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I will tell her the good news when she comes tomorrow.她明天来的时候我
7、会把这个好消息告诉她的。If it snows tomorrow,we shall have a snowball fight.如果明天下雪，我们就可以打雪仗了。即学即练 3 单项选择/单句语法填空Thats why I help brighten(使增添乐趣)peoples days.If you _，whos to say that another person will?Adidnt BdontCwerent DhaventThey often get up early and water the vegetables together.When summer _(come),they
8、will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!Youd better write down her phone number before you _(forget)it.Unless some extra(额外的)money _(find),the theatre will close.Bcomes forget is found(2)表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作。有此用法的动词有 go,come,leave,start,begin,arrive,take off 等。The meeting begins at 2：
9、00 in the afternoon and ends at 5：00.会议下午两点开始，五点结束。The plane takes off at eight and arrives in Beijing at eleven.飞机八点起飞，十一点到北京。即学即练 4 单项选择A Midsummer Nights Dream _ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,and then tours throughout Scotland.Aopens Bis openedCwill open Dwill be openedA二、现在进行时1构成：be现在分词2用法：(
10、1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。Our friends are waiting for us outside now.我们的朋友们正在外面等着我们呢。She is learning English in a university now.她现在正在一所大学里学英语。即学即练 5 单句语法填空My washing machine _(repair)this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.Hi,lets go skating.Sorry,Im busy right now.I _(fill)in an applic
11、ation(申请)form for a new job.is being repaired am filling(2)与 always,constantly(不断地)，continually 等副词连用，表示某种强烈的感情色彩(赞赏、厌烦、埋怨等)，并不强调动作正在进行。Shes always helping other people.她总是帮助别人。(表示赞扬)He is always thinking more of others than of himself.他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。(3)某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐发生变化。Im forgetting English
12、.我都快把英语忘了。She is losing her eyesight.她的视力在衰退。3特殊用法：表示将要发生的动作。go,come,leave,start,take off 等趋向性动词的现在进行时可以表示按最近的计划或安排要发生的动作，或即将开始/结束的动作。Lucy is coming to see me the day after tomorrow.露西后天来看我。Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your seat belt.The plane is taking off.女士们，先生们，请系好安全带，飞机要起飞了。【名师指津】并非所有的动词都
13、可用于进行时态，下列动词不能用于进行时态：表示感觉、感知的动词：hear,see,seem,appear,smell,taste,look,sound 等。Do you see a person over there？你看到那边的人了吗？He looks very handsome.他看起来很英俊。表示感情的动词：like,love,hate,dislike,hope,prefer(更喜欢)，refuse,want,wish 等。表示存在状态的动词：be,exist,remain(仍然是),stay,obtain 等。表示占有和从属关系的动词：belong(拥有),contain(包含)，ha
14、ve,own,form 等。表示思考、理解等心理活动的动词：believe,doubt,forget,know,remember,understand 等。即学即练 6 单句语法填空The summer holiday _(come).My classmates and I _(talk)about what to do during the holiday.is coming are talking三、现在完成时1构成：have/has过去分词2用法：(1)表示发生在过去对现在仍有影响的动作，强调的是这个影响或结果，常与 yet,already,just,before,lately 等词连用
15、。I have just turned off the light.我刚刚把灯关上了。Have you finished your homework yet？你做完家庭作业了吗？Yes,I have already finished it.是的，我已经做完了。【名师指津】have/has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别：have/has gone to 强调“去而未归”；have/has been to 强调“去而归来”。have/has been to 常和 once,twice,three times,never,ever 等连用；have/has gone
16、to 则不可。(2)表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。常同 these days,recently,so far,in the last/past.，“for时间段”和“since时间点”等连用。It has rained a lot these days.这些天多雨。He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有 20 多年了。【名师指津】非延续性动词 leave,arrive,come,go,return,join,die,buy,borrow等的完成时态，在肯定句中不能与 for 或 since 等引出的时间段
17、连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。试比较：我买这台电脑有一年了。【误】I have bought the computer for a year.【正】I have kept the computer for a year.即学即练 7 单句语法填空Chinas high-speed railways _(grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.We _(do)a lot of it
18、 since.I _(read)half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.In the last few years,China _(make)great achievements(成绩)in environmental protection.have grown have donehave readhas made(3)现在完成时的常用固定句型：在“That/This/It is the first/second/third/.time(that).”句型中，从句要用现在完成时。This is the
19、first time that I have watched a play.这是我第一次看戏剧。在“That/This/It is the最高级名词that.”句型中，从句用现在完成时。This is the best film that Ive ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。在“Ithas been一段时间since.”句型中，主句常用现在完成时(也可以用一般现在时)。It is/has been six years since I came here.我来这儿已经六年了。四、一般过去时1表示过去某个时间发生的和现在没有联系的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用(如
20、yesterday,last week,in 2000,two years ago,a moment ago 等)。The boy fell off his bike yesterday.这个男孩儿昨天从自行车上摔了下来。I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.今天早上早餐我吃了两个鸡蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。They were in Xian last year.他们去年在西安。2表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与 often,usually,sometimes 等表示频度的词连用。I often we
21、nt to school on foot last term.上学期我经常步行去上学。3表示过去特定时间完成的有先后顺序的一系列动作。此时常常不用时间状语，而通过上下文的语境来判断。She got up,washed her face,brushed her teeth,had her breakfast and then went to work.她起床，洗脸，刷牙，吃早饭，然后去上班。4在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.她说如果我答应等她，她会来的。He
22、said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。5有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know,think,expect 等，表示“本来”。I didnt expect to meet you here.我没有想到会在这里见到你。I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。I thought you were ill.我以为你生病了。辨析比较 一般过去时/现在完成时一般过去时只
23、表示动作发生在过去，与现在无关，属于过去时态的范畴，不强调对现在产生的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用；现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，属于现在时态的范畴，不与表示过去的时间状语连用。Mr Smith lived in Beijing for five years.史密斯先生曾经在北京住过 5 年。(现在已不在北京住)Mr Smith has lived in Beijing for five years.史密斯先生已经在北京住了 5 年。(现在仍住在北京)即学即练 8(1)单项选择Hi,Im Peter.Are you new here?I havent see
24、n you around.Hello,Peter.Im Bob.I just _on Monday.Astart Bhave startedCstarted Dhad started_that company to see what they think of our product yesterday?Yes.They are happy with it.ADid you call BHave you calledCWill you call DWere you callingCA(2)单句语法填空About one month after this photo was taken,I _(
25、enter)my second year of high school and _(become)a new member of the school music club.Is Peter coming?No,he _(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.Havent seen you for ages!Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and _(stay)there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.entered becamechan
26、ged stayed 五、一般将来时1“will/shall动词原形”表将来“will/shall动词原形”表达单纯的将来时，是对未来事情发生的一种“预见性”。will 可用于各种人称，而 shall 多用于第一人称。常和 tomorrow,next year,next month,this evening,in a few days 等表示将来的时间状语连用。This time next week I will/shall be in Scotland.下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。They will fly to Beijing in three days.三天后他们将乘飞机去北京。My l
27、ittle brother will leave for the United States this evening.我弟弟今晚要到美国去。【名师指津】(1)will 可以表示根据当时的情况，临时的打算。Mr Wang is ill in hospital.王先生生病住院了。Oh,Ill go and see him.哦，我要去看看他。(2)表示单纯的将来的 will 通常不用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中，在这些状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。Ill tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow.如果明天见到他，我就告诉他实情。(see 用一般现在时表
28、示将来)(3)在 if 引导的条件状语从句中使用 will，不表示将来，而表示意愿。If you will listen to me,Ill tell you the secret.如果你愿意听我说，我就告诉你这个秘密。(从句中的 will 是情态动词，表示意愿)即学即练 9 单句语法填空(1)Wasnt Joan supposed(应该)to be here by now?Dont worry.She _(be)here in about twenty minutes.(2)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I _
29、(call)him later.will bewill/shall call2“be going to动词原形”表将来(1)表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事情。What are you going to do tonight？你今晚打算做什么？Im going to watch the football game on TV.我打算看电视上的足球赛。The train is going to leave very soon.火车很快就要开了。(2)表示说话者根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情(常指自然现象)。Look!Its going to rain.看！要下雨了。辨析比较 be goi
30、ng to/willbe going to 与 will 都可以表示将要发生的事或将要做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：(1)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事，will 则可以指遥远的将来。He is going to write a letter tonight.今晚他要写一封信。He will write a book one day.终有一天他会写一本书的。(2)be going to 指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定会发生，表示事情的客观发展。will 表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事情。He is going to get better.他的病就要好了。(指有恢
31、复的迹象)He will get better.他的病会好的。(个人认为)(3)be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思。She is going to lend us her book.她准备把她的书借给我们。He will be here in half an hour.他半个小时后就到这儿。(4)be going to 可以用在条件状语从句中表示将来，而 will 不能。If you are going to attend the meeting,youd better leave now.你如果要出席那个会议，最好现在就走。(不用 will)3“b
32、e to 动词原形”表将来(1)表示预先安排好的计划或约定(受别人的指令或安排将要做)。The line is to be opened to traffic next week.该线路下周通车。They are to meet at the gate of the school.他们将在学校门口见面。(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、命令、义务等。You are to return the book before Friday.你务必要在星期五之前归还这本书。No one is to leave the room without permission.未经允许，任何人不得离开这个房间。(3
33、)表示注定要发生的事情。Your plan is to be a failure.你的计划注定要失败。4“be about to动词原形”表将来表示就要/正要做，指眼前的将来。常用于“be about to do.when.”句型，意为“正要做，这时(突然)”。The train is about to leave.火车就要走了。I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.我刚要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。【名师指津】“be about to动词原形”不与具体的表示将来的时间状语连用。节目将在 10 分钟后开演。【误】The programme
34、 is about to begin in ten minutes.【正】The programme is going to begin in ten minutes.单句语法填空1Every few years,the coal workers _(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.2Unless we _(act)now to protect the environment,well live to regret it.3Hurry up,kids!The school bus _(wait)for us!4The book h
35、as been translated into thirty languages since it _(come)on the market in 1973.5Jim was watching a late night film at home,when right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television _(go)blank.haveact is waitingcamewent6She is sixteen,who _(be)seventeen next year.7They _(make)rapid progress in the
36、 past few years.8Bob _(call)to tell his mother that he couldnt enter the house.9Lucy had finished writing her essay by 10：00 this morning.After that,she _(listen)to music for a while.10So far we _(be)able to find a good way to solve this problem.will behave made calledlistenedhave been.完成句子1晚上，我通常看电
37、视剧或体育节目。I often _ or sports on TV at night.2听！玛丽正在演播室里唱英文歌曲。Listen!Mary _ an English song in the studio.3她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。She entered the room,_ a magazine and looked through it carefully.4现在，所有的小学生都在教室里写作业。All the pupils _ their homework in the classroom now.5下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。Next month we _ our
38、school open day.watch TV seriesis singingpicked up are writing will have 6特威纳答应他会在一个小时之后回来。Tweener _ that he would come back _.7他们俩认识后一直很要好。The two of them _ close friends ever since they knew each other.8杰西从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。By the time Jack _，his son had graduated from college.9当他到达晚会现场时，大多数客人已经离开了。Most of the guests had left when he _.10在过去的四十年里，我们国家发生了巨大的变化。Great changes _ in our country in the past 40 years.promised in an hourhave beenreturned home from England arrived at the partyhave taken place