1、Unit 15Warm-up&Lesson 1LearningLife-long Learning一、概括课文大意快速阅读课文“The Importance of Life-long Learning”，以约 30 词概括文章的大意。提示：当今时候，越来越多的人意识到学习的重要性，所以许多不同年龄、不同背景的人都尽力地去寻找不同的方式进修以提高自己。_Nowadays,more and more people realize the importance of study,so a lot of people of various ages and backgrounds try to fin
2、d different ways to continue learning to upgrade themselves.二、阅读理解仔细阅读课文“The Importance of Life-long Learning”，选择正确答案。1 Which of the following statements about Sun Wen isTRUE?_AAfter he had failed his college entrance exam,he went to ahigh school to study again.B Although he couldnt succeed in passi
3、ng the collegeentrance exam,he will still get a degree.CHe is studying for a degree by distance learning full-time.DHe works in the evenings and on weekends part-time.B 2When Ms Tang was laid off,_.Ashe knew she had done something wrongBshe became very calmCshe looked pretty fed upDshe was told that
4、 the company was not doing so wellB 3 What does the saying“You cant teach an old dog newtricks.”mean?_AIt is very hard to train a dog professionally.BIt is difficult to get rid of a bad habit.CIt is often difficult to get old people to try new ways.D The old are not intelligent enough to accept newh
5、appenings.C 4The following are the reasons why Grandpa Chen becamean Internet user except _.Athe postage went up a few months agoB it was convenient for him to keep in touch with hisdaughter in AmericaChe did not need to see his daughter and his grand-childrenin person through the InternetDhe retire
6、d and had nothing to doD 5 Which of the following statements is TRUE according tothe text?_A Many people of various ages and backgrounds arecontinuing to study to improve themselves at present.B Sun Wen will graduate from Qinghua University with aMasters Degree in Civil Engineering by distance learn
7、ing.CNow Ms Tang is a full-time housewife.DGrandpa Chen learned how to use the Internet by himself.A Because of my new qualification,Im getting promotedat work.(P36,Para.2)因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。1qualification n资格，资历点拨 qualification 除了有“资格，资历”的意思，还可意为“限制，限定性条件”。如：He has no qualification for this job.他没
8、有资格从事这项工作。I can recommend him for the post without qualification.我愿意无条件地推荐他担任该职。拓展 qualify v使具备资格be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事be qualified for 具备资格的；适合担任的运用 完成句子After _(获得资格),he _(有资格)teach Japanese.getting the qualificationis qualified to I decided to give myself a second chance by studyingfor a de
9、gree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping asecure full-time job.(P36,Para.3)我决定再给自己一次机会，在保持一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位。2secure adj.稳定的，无忧无虑的 vt.使安全；保卫典例 The document shall be kept in a secure place.文件应保管在安全的地方。Some measures are needed to secure the farmland against theshifting sand.应采取措施
10、确保农田免受流沙侵袭。拓展 be secure of 对有把握；确信feel secure about 对(觉得)放心secure.from/against 使免受(侵害等)运用 完成句子(1)The workers need _(一把稳固的梯子)(2)I _(确信)his coming.(3)He will _ (保 证)there will be nodifficulty.a secure ladder am secure of secure that Frankly speaking,the last four years have been hardwork,but its been
11、worth it！(P36,Para.3)坦白地说，过去的四年一直很辛苦，但是很值得！3frankly speaking 坦率地说典例Frankly speaking,I dont think the plan will succeed.坦白地说，我认为这个计划不会成功。拓展 generally speaking 一般来说exactly speaking 准确地说strictly speaking 严格地说运用 完成句子(1)_(坦白说),I dont care.(2)_(严格地说),hes not qualified for thejob.Frankly speaking Strictly
12、speaking Three months ago,when my manager told me that Iwould be laid off,my mind went blank and my heart swelledwith anger.(P36,Para.4)三个月前，当经理告诉我，我将要下岗时，我的脑子一片空白，心中充满愤怒。4lay off 裁员；解雇典例 The company laid off 100 workers last week.这个公司上周解雇了一百名工人。拓展 lay down 放下lay aside 把搁置起来；积蓄运用 完成句子(1)My mother _(
13、下岗)last year.(2)They _(放下了)their arms.was laid off laid down 5go blank 变得一片空白点拨 go blank 为系表结构。如：My mind went completely blank and I forgot what I was to do.我的脑子一片空白，连我要做什么都忘记了。运用 完成句子When I heard the shocking news,my mind _(一片空白)went blank I suspect that they laid me off because the company wasnot
14、doing that well.(P36,Para.4)我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好6suspect v怀疑 nC可疑分子，嫌疑犯典例I suspected that there was something wrong with theengine.我怀疑发动机出了毛病。Two suspects in connection with the robbery were arrestedtoday.与抢劫有关的两个嫌疑人今天被逮捕了。拓展 suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做)某事suspect that.怀疑运用 完成句子(1)I _(怀疑他)taking a
15、way that bag.(2)Bills mother _(怀疑)Bill did it.(3)The police have taken _(嫌疑犯)to thepolice station.suspected him of suspected that the suspectI got my grandson to instruct me on how to email anduse the Internet.(P36,Para.8)于是我让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网7instruct v指导，教导典例 My job is to instruct her in English.
16、我的工作是教她英语。拓展 instruct sb.in sth.在某方面教导某人instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事辨析 instruct/order/command/direct(1)instruct 意为“指导，教导；指示，命令”，属于正式用语，强调“有系统地指导”。(2)order 为常用词，多用于非正式或个人之间下的命令。(3)command 指“权威方面正式下令”。(4)direct 意为“指导，指挥，指示”，多指权威性地指导。运用 完成句子(1)Mr.White _(教我们)maths.(2)He _(吩咐我)deliver it to a customer.
17、instructs us in instructed me toAnd aside from emailing,its fun to see and talk to mygrandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.(P36,Para.8)而且，除了收发电子邮件，能在网络视频上看到我在美国的孙辈们并与之交谈也很有意思。8aside from 除之外(apart from)典例 Aside from them,I had no one to talk to.除了他们之外，我没有其他说话的人。运用 完成句子_(除之外)English,I have finished al
18、lmy homework.Aside/Apart fromIn the past,if Id wanted to see them,I would havehad to visit them in person.(P36,Para.8)过去，如果我想见到他们，我就不得不亲自去他们那儿。9in person 亲自(personally/oneself)典例 You may apply for tickets in person or by letter.你可以亲自来申请也可以来信索票。运用 完成句子You neednt have come _(亲自)in person/personally/yo
19、urself本课时单词拓展词汇构词法小结correction n改正，改进correct adj.正确的；合适的 vt.改正，纠正1._为名词后缀，表示“性质，状态，过程，结果”。如：construction 建设。2_为分词后缀，表示行为或行为造成的事物的总称。如：speaking 说话。3_和_为名词后缀，表示人或行为者。如：protector 保护者；writer作家。4_为动词后缀，表示“使化”。如：clarify澄清，净化。simplify vt.简化simple adj.简单的user n使用者 use vt.使用spelling n拼写spell vt.拼写saying n格言，
20、谚语say v说instruct v指导，教导instruction n命令，指示；说明instructor n导师；教练运用 用所给单词的适当形式填空1She _(simple)the _(instruct)so that thechildren could understand them.2Please look at the _(correct)which Ive written inyour essay.3 Beach _(use)have complained that the bikes arenoisy.4He gave his name and then helpfully _
21、(spelling)it.5There is an old _(say)that time is money.simplified instructions corrections usersspelled saying1 Nowadays,more and more people of various ages andbackgroundsarecontinuingtostudytoimprovethemselves.(P36,Para.1)当今，越来越多不同年龄、不同背景的人在不断地学习以提高自己。点拨“be of表示年龄(age)、大小(size)、颜色(color)、重量(weight
22、)、高度(height)、价格(price)、意见(opinion)、形状(shape)、种 类(kind)和 方 法(way)等 的 名 词”表 示“具有”，说明主语的特征。如：When I was of your age,I entered the war.当我在你这个年龄的时候，我去打仗了。These flowers are of different colors.这些花的颜色都不同。注意：在此结构中，如果后面的名词前有不定冠词 a/an，则这个冠词相当于 the same。如：The two boys are of an/the same age.这两个男孩同龄。运用 完成句子(1)H
23、e has several shirts _(不同颜色的)(2)He likes to play with the boys _(同龄的)of different colors of an/the same age 2 I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for adegree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a securefull-time job.(P36,Para.3)我决定再给自己一次机会，在保持一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位
24、。点拨句中的“while keeping a secure full-time job”是状语从句的省略形式，此处省略了 I was。状语从句的省略有两种情况：(1)当从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有 be 动词时，从句可省去主语和 be 动词。如：If(you are)uncomfortable,you can go home first.如果你不舒服，你可以先回家。(2)从句的主语是 it，谓语动词是 be 动词时，从句可省去 it和 be 动词。如：When(it is)necessary,you can help us to do something.当有必要时，你可以帮助我们做一些事。
25、运用 完成句子(1)She doesnt know what to say _(当见到)the foreigners.(2)_(如果可能的话)she wants to go withus.when meeting If possible3You cant teach an old dog new tricks.(P36,Para.7)你不能教一只老狗学会新把戏(或：老狗学不了新把戏)。点拨在西方，狗被看作是人类最好的朋友(mans bestfriend)。在英语中，由动物构成的短语诙谐幽默、妙趣横生并且寓意深刻。如：Every dog has its day.凡人皆有得意之时。It rains
26、 dogs and cats.倾盆大雨。Love me,love my dog.爱屋及乌。运用 完成句子You are a _(幸运儿)lucky dog4 So many people think that after you retire,all you cando is switch off your brain and bury everything youve everlearnt.(P36,Para.9)许多人认为退休后你所能做的就是不动脑筋，将所学的一切抛在一边。点拨当主语部分含有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，be 动词后的不定式可以省略 to。如：The only thing
27、he did in class was nod in sleep.他上课时所做的唯一一件事就是打瞌睡。拓展 be 动词后不定式 to 的省略和“do nothing but do”句型可以互相转换。如：All she does is complain.She can do nothing but complain.她就知道抱怨。运用 完成句子The only thing _(他做的就是吃和睡)all day.He _(除了吃和睡没做别的)he did was eat and sleep did nothing but eat and sleepall day.1精彩文段采撷“Its never
28、 too late to learn.”That was the advice I got after Ifailed my college entrance exam.Now Im about to graduate fromthe School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with aBachelorsDegreeinComputerEngineeringbydistancelearning.Because of my new qualification,Im getting promoted atwork.“学习永远都不会太
29、晚”，这是我在高考失败后得到的忠告。现在我即将从清华大学的继续教育学院毕业，通过远程教育课程获得计算机工程专业的学士学位。因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。2解析主题句：Its never too late to learn.(谚语或名言)拓展句：That was the advice I got after I failed my collegeentrance exam.(进一步说明主题句)次要拓展句 1：Now Im about to graduate from the School ofContinuing Education at Qinghua University with
30、 a BachelorsDegree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.(举例说明主题句)次要拓展句 2：Because of my new qualification,Im gettingpromoted at work.(进一步说明拓展句)3仿写原作文材料主题句：“时间就是金钱”，这句话我认为不正确。拓展句 1：我们能够靠工作赚钱。拓展句 2：许多人不知爱惜时光。拓展主题句：“时间就是金钱”，这句话我认为不正确。拓展句 1：我们能够靠工作赚钱，(次要拓展句)但无论如何都无法把时间争取回来。拓展句 2：许多人不知爱惜时光，(次要拓展句)
31、这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间就等于浪费生命。An English proverb says that time is money.I consider it wrong.Why?Because we all know that we can earn money by work but can not in any way get back time.For this reason,we may say that time is more valuable than money.Many people do not know the value of time.It is indeed
32、 a great pity.We must bear in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting our life.虚拟条件句一、虚拟条件句的概念虚拟条件句表示所说的话是非真实的或者不可能发生的情况，它是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。虚拟情况从句谓语动词时态主句谓语动词时态与现在事实相反一般过去时(be 动词用 were)would/should/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时would/should/could/mighthave done与将来事实相反一般过去时/were to/should动词原形would/
33、should/could/might动词原形二、虚拟条件句的种类虚拟条件句有以下三种情况：与现在事实相反；与过去事实相反；与将来事实相反。虚拟条件句的基本结构如下：其中，情态动词的选用由所表达的意义决定：would(会)表示可能；should(应该)表示义务或责任；could(能够)表示具备条件；might 表示主观可能。如：If it hadnt been so hot last summer,we couldnt have sold somany air-conditioners.要是去年夏天没那么热，我们就不可能卖那么多空调。If he had known more about what
34、 was going on,he mighthave decided what to do.要是他对将要发生的事情知道得更多，他可能就能决定做什么。If I had a camera,I would take some pictures of the beautifulscenery.要是我有一台照相机，我肯定会拍些美景的照片。If Ann were to admit it,I shouldnt quarrel with her.要是安承认，我就不应该与她争吵。1错综时间条件句(混合条件句)当主句和从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句的谓语形式会因时间的不同而不同(应对方法：熟记虚拟条件句
35、三种情况中主从句的谓语形式的变化)。如：If you had studied hard before,you would be a college studentnow.要是你之前努力学习，现在就是一名大学生了。2if 省略句虚拟条件句中的 if 从句部分如果含有 were/should/had，可将 if 省略，再把 were/should/had 提到从句句首，变为倒装句式。如：If I were at school again,I would study harder.Were I at school again,I would study harder.要是我再上学，我将会更努力学习。
36、If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus.要是你早点来，就可以赶上这趟公交车了。If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.要是明天下雨，我们就不去爬山。注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩写形式。如：Were it not for the expense,I would
37、go abroad now.()Werent it for the expense,I would go abroad now.()要不是因为费用问题，我现在就出国了。3含蓄条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示虚拟条件句。这类隐含式的虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为由 if 引导的条件句。(1)由介词或介词短语暗示虚拟结构。常见的介词或介词短语有：without(没有),but for(要不是)等。如：Without electricity(If there were no electricity),human lifewould quite different to
38、day.要是没有电，人类今天的生活将会不一样。But for the meeting(If it hadnt been for the meeting),Iwould have gone to your party last night.要不是那个会议，昨晚我就去参加你的聚会了。(2)由并列连词或副词暗示虚拟结构。常见的并列连词或副词有：but,or,otherwise(要不然)等。如：I would have gone to America with my friend,but I wasstopped by my mother.要不是我妈妈阻止，我肯定和朋友去美国了。He didnt ge
39、t up earlier this morning;otherwise,he wouldhave caught the first bus.今早他要是早点起床，他肯定能赶上第一趟班车。三、其他类型的虚拟条件句1表示命令、要求、建议、坚持的动词后接的宾语从句为虚拟条件句此时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should动词原形”，其中 should 可省去。这样的动词有：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order,command)，三个建议(advise,suggest,propose)，四个要求(demand,require,request,desire)等。如：He insisted that
40、we(should)walk to there.他坚持要求我们走路去那儿。这些动词相应的名词形式后接表语从句、同位语从句时，谓语动词也用“(should)动词原形”形式。如：My advice is that you(should)practice speaking English asoften as possible.我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。The suggestion that education (should)be reformed isreasonable.教育必须改革这个建议是合理的。2.主语从句为虚拟条件句在句型“It is necessary/importan
41、t/impossible/natural/strange/surprising/funny/right/wrong/a pity/no wonder that 主语从句”中，从句的谓语动词要用“(should)动词原形”。如：Its important that everybody(should)know all the facts.所有人都要知道真相，这很重要。3状语从句为虚拟条件句由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能的或与事实相符的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。如：The teacher treats the pupil a
42、s if/though he were her own child.这位老师把学生当成自己的孩子一样对待。It looks as if/though its going to rain.天好像要下雨了。4定语从句为虚拟条件句“It is(high)time(that)”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should动词原形(其中 should 不能省略)”。此句型意为“(现在)该”，用来表示提议。如：It is(high)time that you went/should go to school.是你去上学的时候了。5if only 引导的感叹句为虚拟条件句If only I were
43、a flying bird!How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是只飞翔的鸟就好了！一、同义句转换1 It is necessary for college students to master at least oneforeign language.Itisnecessary_collegestudents_ at least one foreign language.2Without sunlight,there would be neither plants nor animals._ sunlight,there would be neither pl
44、antsnor animals.3She insisted on translating the sentence in this way.She insisted that the sentence _ in this way.that(should)master If there were no(should)be translated 4The students suggested going there on foot.The students suggested _ there on foot.5She suggested that we should take his help._
45、 is that we _ his help.6Lucy didnt come to class today because she didnt feel well._ well,Lucy _ to classtoday.7I dont know French,so I cant talk to the French friends.If I _ French,I _ talk tothe French friends.they(should)go Her suggestion(should)takeHad she felt would have come knew could 8 He di
46、dnt take his parents advice and he is not a collegestudent now.Ifhe_hisparentsadvice,he_ a college student now.9The professor helped me a lot and I finished the work.I couldnt _ the work _the professors help.10Its 10 oclock now.We should start out.Its(high)time that we _.had taken would be have fini
47、shed without should start/started out 二、完成句子1He completely ignored all these facts,_(好像它们根本不存在似的)2I think _(是她拿定主意的时候了)3If only my friend _(和我一起在这儿)now!4 She suggested that _(我们每天写英文日记)5The picture exhibition was very boring;I _(要是没去就好了)as if/though they hadnever existed it is high time that she made up her mind/shouldmake up her mindwere here with mewe(should)keep English diary every daywish I had notbeen there
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