1、M5Grammar ObjectiveTo learn about defining attributive clauses语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.3.Confucius is the philo
2、sopher whose influence has been the greatest.Are you familiar with these sentences?They are all from our books we have learned.4.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.5.He came from a family which was very poor.6.The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake
3、that has ever happened in the United States.(P29,B3)7.There are laws that do not allow people to burn too much coal.(P39,B3)8.Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.9.For example,it is the country in which silk was first invented.10.He is a man of whom China ca
4、n be proud.to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuess1.Ancient China was a place _ states were often at war with each other.2.But it was also a time _ there were many great philosophers.3.Confucius is the phil
5、osopher _ influence has been the greatest.4.Mozi was another teacher _ was very influential.5.He came from a family _ was very poor.wherewhenwhosewhowhich6.The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake _ has ever happened in the United States.(P29,B3)7.There are laws _
6、do not allow people to burn too much coal.(P39,B3)8.Mencius was a thinker _ teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.9.For example,it is the country in _ silk was first invented.10.He is a man of _ China can be proud.thatthatwhosewhichwhom1.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned
7、to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.when C.that D.where2.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which单选3.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.which 4.The gentleman _ you told me yeste
8、rday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom5.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.where C.in which D.that6.This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific.A.by which B.by that C.where D.in which1.The person _ you should write to is Mr.Ball.2.The person to _ you should write is Mr.B
9、all.3.The games _ he competed in were swimming and shooting.4.The games in _ he competed were swimming and shooting.5.Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhich用适当的关系词填空。why6.The poor boy _ lost both his parents last year lives with his grandfather.7.This is th
10、e factory _ he worked ten years ago.8.This is the factory _ makes toys.9.He is the boy _ family was poor.10.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.who/thatwhere/in whichwhosewhich/thatwith which1.在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。The boys _ are from Class One.2.他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。He has a friend _.3.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一
11、天。I still remember the day _ _.whose father is a doctor汉译英who are playing footballmet Jenniferwhen I first 4.她是那个和我一起去那儿的女孩。She is the girl _.5.这就是那个去年我待的地方。This is the city _ I stayed last year.=This is the city where I stayed last year.6.我永远不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子。Ill never forget these days _ _ I stayed w
12、ith you.=Ill never forget these days when I stayed with you.with whom I went therein whichin/duringwhich以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3.关系代词关系副词：引导定语从句的词。关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose,which,thatwhen,where,why在定语从句中作主语、宾语
13、、定语在定语从句中作状语定语从句(Attributive Clauses)A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.句子主干：定语从句：先 行 词：关系代词：A dictionary is a book.which gives the meaning of wordsbookwhich4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。引导
14、词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略。引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略。Today we will focus on defining attributive clauses(限制性定语从句)：1.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.2.China is a country which has a long history.3.In the street I saw a man
15、 who was from Africa.指代内容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主语,宾语主语,宾语主语,宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省1.who指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li
16、.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.3.whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。1.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3.Do you like the book whose cover
17、is yellow?=Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl in our class?Her hair is very short.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.We found a house of which t
18、he roof had been damaged.We found a house the roof of which had been damaged.We found a house whose roof had been damaged.Read the three sentences.Theirmeanings are the same.4.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。1.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2.He likes to read books which are written b
19、y foreign writers.3.This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.4.The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.5.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?2.The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind.3.
20、The season that/which comes after spring is summer.4.Yesterday I received a letter that/whichcame from Australia.(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)Have you taken down everythingthat Mr.Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossi
21、ble to him in the world.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。(2)There be 句型中用that。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.This is the first time(that)I am in Beijing.(4)先行词是who或wh
22、ich引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Who that broke the window will be punished?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?(5)当先行词既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and thingsthat they remembered at school.Look at the man and his donkey th
23、at are walking up the street.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the last,just,right等修饰。Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)紧跟介词作宾语There are many trees under which they can have a rest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中（下节课重点介绍）Football,which is a
24、very popular game,is played all over the world.The tree,which is 400 years old,is very famous here.(3)作定语He may be late,in which case,we should wait for him.一般用which而不用that的情况。指代内容 所做成分是否可省略whenwherewhy关系副词的用法不可省略时间地点原因状语状语状语when 在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。I
25、ll never forget the day when I joined the league.Ill never forget the time which/that was spent with you.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示地点的名词。相当于“介词+which”。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。This is the house where I lived two years ago.The library(which/that)you visited yesterday was built in 1990.in
26、whichwhere 引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance等先行词。There are cases where this rule does not hold good.Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于reason之后，相当于for which。Do you know the reason why she was late?The reason why/for which he refused the invitation
27、is quite clear.the reason whyis that 的原因是The reason why he resigned was thathe quarreled with his boss.Mencius believed that the reason whyman is different from animals is thatman is good.1.在the reason why 结构中，why 引导定语从句，它也可以换为for which或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。2.如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。3
28、.the reason is that结构中，只能用that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。Note1.I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who 实例详解本题的第一个空格处应填入表示时间的关系副词when，在从句中作状语。答案：B。2.The English play _ my students acted
29、 at the New Years party was a great success.A.for whichB.at which C.in which D.on which 本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过拆分我们可以得 My students acted in the English play at the New Years party.所以答案为C。比较:1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one2.Is this the museum _ the
30、 exhibition was held?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one变为肯定句分别为：1.This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.2.This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在第1句中，主句中所缺部分为表语，从句中缺少宾语。只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，相当于：the one that/which，所以应选D。在第2句中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the mus
31、eum词组，可用介词in+which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。1.复习where,when,who,which,whose引导的定语从句。2.复习介词+which/whom引导的定语从句。阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Throughout history,there used to be many great inventions,of _ the car is one example.Being one of the most significant inventions in th
32、e 1920s,the car greatly changed the lives of Americans.It also helped America and _ countries transportation.The first car with a combustion(燃烧)engine _(invent)by Henry Ford.Henry Ford later founded the Ford Motor Company,which was known _ its achievements in bringing its first affordablewhichotherw
33、as inventedforcar to America,the Model-T.Over the first few years of the 1920s,the car became a hit for everyone,especially young people who wanted _(free)and excitement.Soon,almost every household in America owned one.Parents drove to work in their cars.And young people found a whole new way _(have
34、)fun.Many people found it hard to drive on the poor dirt roads.So nationwide road construction took place,created even more jobs and strengthened the economy even _(far).freedomto havewhichfurther1.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.(2009 福建)A.that B.whe
35、n C.which D.where 2.The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.(2009 江西)A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which 3.Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.(2009 陕西)A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which 4.A person _ e-mail account is fu
36、ll wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.(2009 天津)A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever5.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(2009 浙江)A.which B.where C.how D.why6.I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.(2010 全国II)A.who B.that C.a
37、s D.what7.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets _ life has developed gradually.(2010 福建)A.that B.where C.which D.whose8.Ive become good friend with several of the student in my school _ I meet in the English speech contest last year.(2010 湖南)A.who B.where C.when
38、D.which 9.Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.(2010 山东)A.that B.which C.whose D.what10.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.(2010 上海)A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which 11.A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair wea
39、ther and ask for it back when it begins to rain.(2011 浙江)A.when B.that C.where D.there12.The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(2011 天津)A.when B.that C.where D.which13.She showed he visitors around the museum,the construction _ has taken more than three years.(201
40、1 江西)A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which14.The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.(2011 全国新课标)A.that B.which C.whose D.what15.There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.(2012 上海)A.why B.which C.that D.whether16.Sales director is a
41、 position _ communication ability is just as important as sales.(2012 重庆)A.which B.that C.when D.where17.A lot of language learning,has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.(2012 安徽)A.as B.it C.which D.this18.After th
42、e flooding,people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.(2012 江苏)A.which B.who C.where D.what19.Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.(2013北京)A.when B.which C.whose D.where20.The book tells stories of
43、the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.(2013福建)A.whose B.that C.who D.which21.Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013湖南)A.whom B.who C.whatD.which22.Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outs
44、ide world.A.when B.where C.which D.whom (2013山东)23.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.(2013四川)A.what B.which C.when D.where24.When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.(2013新课标II卷)A.what B.when C.where D.whichHomework Do the exercises of Grammar on pages 44&47.
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