1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 必修3 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar IEveryday English and Function1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5课内合作探究2课后强化作业5新课标语法3基 础 巩 固4课前自主预习1课前自主预习选词填空。(who/that/whose/where/when/why/in which/to whom)Mencius was a thinker_teachings were very sim
2、ilar to those of Confucius.Mencius believed that the reason_man is different from animals is that man is good.Ancient China was a place_states were often at war with each other.whosewhywhereIt was also a time_therewere many great philosophers.He is an English teacher_likes singing songs.This is the
3、park_we first met him thirty years ago.Is he the person_you often turn for help?whenwho/thatin whichto whom课内合作探究1.sense1)n.观念，意识，辨认力；意思，意味；见识，常识；感觉，知觉，官能His speech left me with the sense that we would never be friends.他说的话让我感到我和他绝对无法做朋友。The five senses are sight，hearing，smell，taste and touch.五种感觉是视
4、觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。Dogs have a keen sense of smell.狗有灵敏的嗅觉。2)v.感觉；感知；意识；察觉She sensed what her husband was thinking.她感觉出她丈夫内心在想什么。知识拓展senseless adj.不省人事的；失去感觉的；愚昧的；无常识的sensible adj.通晓事理的；明智的；可察觉的sensitive adj.敏感的；神经过敏的a sense of direction 方向感a sense of hunger 饥饿感a sense of humour 幽默感common sense 常识the six
5、th sense 第六感觉in every sense 就各种意义来说；就各方面来说in a sense 在某种意义上；多少有一点make sense 有意义；讲得通；能理解即学即用语法填空The elderly need special care in winter，as they are_(sense)to the sudden change of weather.答案：sensitive本题考查形容词。sensitive“敏感的”，句意是：老年人在冬天需要特别护理，因为他们对突然的天气变化很敏感。be sensitive to.“对灵敏的/敏感的”。2responsibility n.责
6、任；责任心；职责Anyone with a sense of responsibility wouldnt leave the robbery alone.任何一个有责任感的人是不会对抢劫置之不理的。知识拓展1)have the responsibility for.对有责任；对负责The Health Minister have overall responsibility for hospitals.卫生部长全面负责医院。2)take on/take/accept/assume/shoulder the responsibility for.担当对的责任；为负责The management
7、 accepts no responsibility for cars left in the car park.管理部门对停车场内的汽车不承担责任。3)responsible adj.有责任的；负责任的You can always trust Mary who I think is a responsible monitor.你可以信任玛丽，我认为她是一个负责任的班长。The headmaster decided to have a word with the person that is responsible for this matter.校长决定与此事的负责人谈一谈。即学即用完成句子
8、The driver should _ _ _ the injured.司机应对受伤人员负责。答案：be responsible to3respect nU尊敬，敬意vt.尊敬，敬重We have great respect for our grandfather.我们非常尊敬祖父。We should all treat older people with more respect.所有人都应该更加尊重老人。I respect her for her honesty.她的诚实让我对她的尊重。Be sure to respect other peoples rights.请尊重他人的权利。搭配h
9、ave/show respect for对尊敬pay respect to对尊敬win/gain/earn the respect of赢得的尊敬respect sb.for sth.因某事尊敬某人拓展respectable adj.体面的，正派的；值得尊敬的respectful adj.表示尊敬的，有礼貌的，谦恭的即学即用语法填空The new teacher soon won the_of his students.答案：respect句意：这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。respect“尊敬，敬重”，符合题意。4justice nU公正；公平；正义They are demandi
10、ng equal rights and justice.他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。I say，in justice to him，he is a good teacher.秉公而论，我认为他是位优秀的教师。Without justice，courage is weak.假如无正义，勇气也无力。即学即用翻译句子他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。_答案：They are demanding equal rights and justice.5afford1)vt.(有财力)买得起；付得起(可用于can，could或be able to之后)Im not sure how they are ab
11、le to afford such expensive holidays.我不太清楚他们怎么能负担得起这么昂贵的假期。We need a bigger house，but we just cant afford the rent.我们需要一座更大的房子，只是我们付不起房租。2)vt.有能力；足以承担(可用于can或could之后)Im so busy.I can rarely afford the luxury of a restful weekend.我太忙了。我很少能享受一个轻松的周末的奢侈。No politician can afford to ignore the power of t
12、elevision.没有哪个政治家能无视电视的力量。知识拓展afford sth.负担得起某物的费用afford to do sth.负担得起做某事即学即用翻译句子(1)我不能担负得起买一辆新车。_答案：I cant afford to buy a new car.语法填空(2)Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy_(afford)pricedbikes.答案：affordably句意：那些贫困的青少年看到在拐角处的那家商店时很兴奋，在那里他们可
13、以买到支付得起的自行车。affordably“买得起地”，符合题意。6contribution n.U捐献；贡献；C捐助的钱或物Charlie Chaplin made a great contribution to the film industry.查理卓别林对电影业做出了巨大贡献。I will devote my whole life to scientific research，and make contributions to the country where I was born and the people who brought me up.(Pavlov)我愿用我全部的生命
14、从事科学研究，贡献给生育我栽培我的祖国和人民。(巴甫洛夫)知识拓展contribute v.贡献；有助于；捐赠Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.人人都应该尽自己的能力做出贡献。He contributed a large sum of money to the hospital.他向医院捐了一大笔钱。His research contributed greatly to the progress of science.他的研究对科学的进步有很大的贡献。搭配1)contribute.to(doing)sth.贡献He con
15、tributed some money to the flood victims.他捐出一些钱给受水灾的难民。2)contribute to(doing)sth.有助于；导致Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work.你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。Im sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.我确信你的建议将有助于解决问题。注意：以上搭配中，to是介词。此外，contribute有时也与toward(s)或
16、for连用。词语辨析contribute，devotecontribute既可作vt.，还可作vi.，后接to。devote常用于devote onself/ones life(time，efforts，energy.)to(doing)sth.以及be devoted to结构，表示“献身于，致力于”。devote 只作vt.。Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。Everyone is called on to contribute ideas.要求人人出主意，想办法。He
17、 devoted his life to promoting world peace.他一生致力于促进世界和平。即学即用完成句子(1)纸的发明是人类文明史上一项重要贡献。The invention of paper was a great_humancivilization.(2)他很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。It was generous of him to_such a large sum.答案：(1)contribution to(2)contribute7invent vt.发明；创造He has invented a new way of making silk.他发明了一种制造丝绸的
18、新方法。Do you know who invented computers?你知道谁发明的电脑吗？辨析invent，discover，find out,findinvent指客观不存在，被人“发明”出来。discover指客观存在，被人“发现”。find out指通过观察或调查发现真相、找出原因、弄清事实。find多指偶然地发现或碰到。Gilbert discovered electricity，and Edison invented the electric light bulb.吉尔伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了电灯。Have you found out why he was absent
19、?你弄清他没来的原因了吗？She found a necklace lying on the ground.她发现地上有一条项链。拓展invention n.U发明；C发明物inventor n.C发明家即学即用语法填空用discover，invent，create的相应形式填空。(1)Who_the telephone in 1876?(2)A new kind of animal_in Guangxi Province last year.(3)He is a musician and likes_music.(4)Its known to us all that the Chinese
20、first_thecompass.(5)Say five_that are related to food and cooking.答 案：(1)invented(2)was discovered(3)creating(4)invented(5)inventions8argument n.C争论；辩论；议论Its beyond argument that his theory is true.无可争辩，他的理论是正确的。The students had an argument with their teachers about their uniforms.学生们就校服问题与老师们进行了一场辩
21、论。搭配have an argument with sb.与某人争论I had an argument with my neighbour about a tree in his garden.我和邻居因其花园里一棵树而争了起来。知识拓展argue v.争论；辩论词语辨析argue，quarrelPeople generally quarrel because they cannot argue.(Chesterton)人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。(切斯特顿)即学即用语法填空He got into an_(argue)with Jeff in the pub last night and th
22、ey didnt reach any conclusion.答案：argument句意：昨天晚上他跟杰夫在酒吧里发生了争论，但他们没有得出任何结论。argument“争论；辩论”，符合题意。1.no faster than“和一样不快”；相当于as slowly as。“no比较级than”否定两者，相当于“as该词的反义词as”。含义是“前者跟后者一样不”。She has no more books than him.她的书和他的一样少。Im no richer than a beggar.我穷得像个乞丐。知识拓展“not比较级than”表示“不如”。The question is not
23、more difficult than that one.这个问题不如那个难。I have not more than five yuan.我有不到5元钱。I have no more than five yuan.我只有5元钱。即学即用语法填空Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _popular.答案：more考查比较级的使用。否定比较级相当于最高级。类似的还有too，enough。2billions of表达不确切的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式。又如：dozens of
24、 许多；十几个thousands of 好几千；成千的scores of 许多；好几十tens of millions of 千百万hundreds of 好几百；成百的billions of 好几十亿tens of thousands of 好几万；成千上万hundreds of thousands of 好几十万；成几十万hundreds of millions of 好几亿；成亿的注意：1)表达确切的数目时，用具体的数字与hundred，thousand，million等词的单数形式连用，之后不加of，接可数名词的复数。2)表达笼统的数目时，复数hundreds，thousands，mi
25、llions等词之后加of，不与具体数字连用，接可数名词的复数。3)several或具体数字与dozen，hundred，thousand，million等 词 连 用 表 达 具 体 数 目 时，若 使 用 of，必 须 后 接“the/those/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词名词复数”。4)many可以和表达笼统数目的hundreds of，thousands of，millions of，billions of等连用。即学即用语法填空Several_(million)people in the world are sending information by email ev
26、ery day.答案：millionseveral或具体数字与dozen，hundred，thousand，million等词连用表达具体数目时，若使用of，必须后接“the/those/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词名词复数”。3in conclusion 最后；总之I will in conclusion say a few words about discipline.最后我要简单谈一下有关纪律的问题。知识拓展conclude v.结束；下结论；推断conclusive adj.确定的；最后的；结论的reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论；下结论jump to
27、 a condusion妄下断论come to a conclusion 得出结论；结束We have reached the conclusion that this is a true story.我们获得的结论是，这是一个真实的故事。即学即用句型转换(1)It was concluded that we neednt change our plan.We _ _ _ _ that we neednt change the plan.答案：came to the conclusion根据提示完成句子(2)他看到我的手提箱摆在大厅，就妄断我要离开。He saw my suitcase in
28、the hall and _ _that I was leaving.(3)从她的话中我得不出任何结论。I cant_from what she said.答案：(2)jumped to a conclusion(3)draw a conclusionHowever，we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock.然而，我们的确知道他在公元1092年发明了第一块时钟。本句为“do/does/did动词原形”强调句型，其中的do/does/did在句中要重读。a)本句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式，只对肯定的谓语动词进
29、行强调，没有否定和疑问形式。She did tell me about her address，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。She does come from a European country.她的确来自欧洲的一个国家。b)在祈使句中运用“do动词原形”，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。Do come on time next time.下次请务必按时来。Do come in and sit down.请快进来坐下。知识拓展“强调句型”种种：It is/was.that/who.do/does/did动
30、词原形即学即用语法填空(1)Why didnt you call Mary last week?I_call her，but the line was busy then.答案：did句意：“你上个星期为什么没有给玛丽打电话？”“我确实打过，但是那时候占线。”强调谓语动词时要用助动词do的不同形式加动词原形，而且只能用于肯定句中。(2)Id like to，but._come please!答案：Do句意：“我很想去，但是”“请一定要来！”为了加强祈使句的语气，在动词前加do，表示恳求。新课标语法图解语法助记表解语法助记定语从句1关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词一般代替先行词在从句
31、中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。关系副词的具体用法见下表：关系副词指代的先行词所作成分例句when表示时间的名词时间状语There are occasions when one has to yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。关系副词指代的先行词所作成分例句where 表示地点的名词地点状语Last year my parents went to the farm where they worked 30 years ago again.去年我父母又去了那个他们30年前劳动过的农场。why表示原因的名词原因状语Is this the reason why he refused our o
32、ffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2.关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下两种方式判断：依据用法例句根据从句谓语动词是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词This is the factory(that/which)Ivisited last year?这是我去年参观的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)依据用法例句根据先行词在从句中作的成分 把先行词放进定语从句中，若可作主语、宾语、定语用关系代
33、词；作状语则用关系副词Is this the museum(that/which)youvisited a few days ago?这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？(先行词museum可在从句中作动词visited的宾语)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(先行词museum与合适的介词搭配后在从句中作地点状语)3.“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词which，whom作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词之前，形成“介词which/whom”结构
34、。事项用法例句介词的确定“介词which/whom”中的介词可以依据与从句谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你花大价钱买的那辆车吗？(根据与pay的搭配而定)This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词camera的搭配而定)He broke his glasses，without which he cant see anything.他打破了眼镜，没有眼镜他什么也看不见。(根据句意而
35、定)事项用法例句与关系副词的互换表示时间、地点、原因的“介词关系代词”结构可以与when，where，why互换The period in which(when)man learned to make tools of iron is called the Iron Age.人们学着用铁制造工具的时期被称为“铁器时代”。This is the reason for which(why)we refused your invitation.这就是我们拒绝你的邀请的原因。“名词/代词等介词关系代词”结构有时“介词关系代词”前会出现不定代词(all，none，neither，many，few，the
36、 rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the比较级/最高级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义Mary has two brothers，both of whom are doctors.玛丽有两个哥哥，他们都是医生。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%of which are sold abroad.这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋子，其中的80%销往国外。There are two rooms,the smaller of which is my study.有两个房间，较小的那个是我的书房。注意：(1)
37、有些“动词介词”短语，如look after，call on等不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。(2)“介词关系代词”中的代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that和who。语法填空(1)When deeply absorbed in work，_he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.答案：which/in which本题考查定语从句。句意：当他全心投入工作时，他常常忘记吃饭和睡觉。从句中缺表语，由which充当。(2)The air quality in the city，_is shown in th
38、e report，has improved over the past two months.答案：as本题考查关系代词的用法。句意：就像报告中所表明的那样，这城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已有改善。as 引导非限制性定语从句，且as代表整个主句的意思。常用于句型as is shown/reported/announced.等等。(3)Care of the soul is a gradual process_even the small details of life should be considered.答案：in which/where考查定语从句。句意：心灵的养护是一个逐渐的过程，
39、在这个过程中即使小细节也应被考虑到。定语从句不缺主语、宾语，in which相当于where。(4)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，_urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.答案：who考查定语从句。本句的先行词是people，故用who引导定语从句。(5)By 1630，_was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.答案：which考查定语从句。which引
40、导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语。(6)It is the third time that she has won the race，_has surprised us all.答案：which本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使得我们大家非常吃惊。本题为非限制性定语从句，且关系词代表整个主句的意思，故只能用which。(7)In our class there are 46 students，_half wear glasses.答案：of whom本题考查非限制性定语从句的“介词关系代词”结构。分析句子结构可知，后一分句是非限制性定语从句，此处表示所属关系，故用介词
41、of。句意：我们班里有46名同学，其中有一半戴眼镜。(8)We live in an age_more information is available with greater ease than ever before.答案：when本题考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个比过去更容易获取信息的时代。先行词是age，表示时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，故用when。如果使用“介词关系代词”，应是in which。(9)Sales director is a position_communicationability is just as important as sales skills.答案：
42、where/in which考查定语从句。position职位，在此处相当于抽象地点；其后的定语从句不缺主语或宾语；where在这里相当于in which。(10)Everyone has periods in their lives_everythingseems very hard.答案：when/in which句意：每个人在生活当中都会有一切事情都不顺心的时期。所填关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词periods，并在从句中作时间状语，所以用when/in which。(11)Do you know the year_the Chinese Communist Party was found
43、ed?答案：in which/when句意：你知道中国共产党是在哪一年成立的吗？时间名词the year是定语从句先行词，并且从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故须用表示时间的关系副词when或in which引导，在定语从句中作时间状语。(12)When night fell，we finally reached an old temple_the villagers used as a school.答案：which/that句意：夜幕降临时，我们终于到达了村民们用作学校的一座旧庙。定语从句先行词是an old temple，且从句中动词used缺宾语，故须用关系代词which/that引导定语从句
44、。(13)The factory_Mr Li used to work was closed last week.答案：where/in which句意：李先生过去工作的那家工厂上周关闭了。the factory为先行词，表示地点，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应填关系副词where或in which。(14)Duncan didnt tell me the reason_their team had failed to win the game.答案：why句意：邓肯没有告诉我他们队输掉比赛的原因。所填关系词引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示原因的名词reason，故用why。(15)T
45、he tool_he is working is called a hammer.答案：with which句意：他干活时用的那个工具叫锤子。由定语从句中的谓语动词work可判断用with，将其放到从句中即“he is working with”。(16)He asked me a few questions_there were no answers.答案：to which句意：他问了我一些根本没有答案的问题。“介词关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的介词在本题中由answer与to搭配而定，故引导词用to which。(17)The old worker_we know much is our
46、parttimeteacher.He is in his seventies.答案：about whom句意：这位我们很了解的老工人现在是我们的兼职教师，他现在70多岁了。此题为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。know about意为“了解”，故用about whom。(18)Its one of the few countries_people drive on the left.答案：where/in which句意：这是为数不多的几个靠左行驶的国家之一。所填关系词引导定语从句修饰countries，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where或in which引导。(19)I was b
47、orn in New Orleans，Louisiana，a city_name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.答案：whose本题考查定语从句。句中name是city一个特征或构成部分，是从属关系，因此用whose引导定语从句修饰先行词New Orleans。(20)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time.答案：about which考查定语从句，先行词是a subject，指物，关系代词在从句中作介
48、词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth。(21)A person_email account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails.答案：whose考查定语从句，_email account is full是从句部分，所以填引导词whose。句意：电子邮箱账户满了的话，人们就不能发送或者接收邮件了。(22)Its helpful to put children in a situation_theycan see themselves differently.答案：where/in which考查
49、定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where或in which。(23)Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.答案：whose本题考查定语从句关系词。句意：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。本定语从句中缺少定语，故用引导词whose。(24)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she w
50、ould stay for an hour.答案：where/in which考查定语从句。先行词为centre，she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语，故要填状语，表地点用where或in which。基 础 巩 固.单词拼写1Edison is a famous_(发明家)all over the world.2His_(诚实)makes him very popular among his friends.3This kind of cloth feels_(柔软的)4The_(皮革)shoes made in this factory are very p
51、opular.5He has made great_(贡献)to his hometown.6They are fighting for better working_(环境)7He has a sense of_(公正)，so we all like him.8They had an_(争辩)about where to spend the holiday.9 During the summer holiday，we can enjoy some _(自由)10It is known that_(燃料)like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.答
52、案：1.inventor2.honesty3.soft4.leather5.contribution(s)6.conditions7.justice8.argument9.freedom10.fuels4As a result of the_of computers，much work can easily and correctly be done.5The longlasting meeting，filled with_，ended in disorder.答案：1.Honesty2.justice3.contributions4.invention5.arguments.语法填空1Fro
53、m May 1，smoking will be banned in indoor public places in China.For_(第一次)，China has put smoking control into its national economic and social development program.答案：the first time句意为：从五月一号起，中国将禁止在室内公共场所吸烟。这是中国第一次把控制吸烟纳入国民经济和社会发展议程。for the first time意为“第一次”，在句中独立作状语；the first time意为“第一次的时候”，用作连词引导时间状
54、语从句。2As we all know，the present world financial crisis(危机)has a serious_on the development of the economy of every country.答案：effect句意为：众所周知，目前的世界经济危机对于每一个国家的经济发展都有严重的影响。have an effect on意为“对有影响”。3Smoking too much may contribute_lung cancer and cause other diseases.答案：to句意为：吸烟太多可能会促成肺癌和引起其他疾病。contri
55、bute to意为“促成”，是固定词组。4It rained heavily；_a result，the river rose by 0.5 metre.答案：as句意为：雨下得很大，结果，河水上涨了0.5米。as a result意为“结果”，符合题意。5What happened over there?They argued_the waiter_the price of the meal.答案：with；aboutargue with sb.about sth.是固定用法，意为“就某事和某人争论”。6It is well known that Thomas Edison_the ligh
56、t bulb.答案：invented句意为：众所周知，爱迪生发明了电灯泡。invent意为“发明”，符合句意。7His wife is in bad_now and he has to present a smiling face though heavyhearted in the company.答案：condition句意为：他的妻子身体状况很不好，尽管心情沉重，在公司他还要强装笑脸。in bad condition意为“身体状况不好”，符合题意。8The local government is making efforts to_itspeople from poverty soon.答案：free句意为：当地政府正在努力尽快使它的人民脱贫。free sb.from.意为“使某人摆脱”，符合题意。9_honest，I didnt agree with what you said.答案：To be“说实话”可用英语表达为：to be honest。10Do you know who first_electricity?As we all know，Benjamin Franklin did.答案：discovered问句意为：你知道谁最先发现了电吗？discover意为“发现”，符合题意。课后强化作业（点此链接）
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