1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 必修3 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 51.1.1 集合的概念第一课时 Introduction&Reading1.1.1 集合的概念Module 5课内合作探究2基 础 巩 固3课后强化作业4课前自主预习1课前自主预习.写出黑体单词在句中的含义并识记1We hope that every one in the country can get an equalchance to take a job.()2She is a new teacher and of
2、ten finds it hard to keep orderin the classroom.()3The man has held the position as an assistant manager for nearly three years.()平等的秩序职位4 He has been stressing how effective the medicine is without mentioning the side effect it probably has.()5He resigned as adviser in the company because of his ba
3、d health.()6This is the most influential book I have ever read in the past ten years.()强调辞职有影响的.根据汉语释义补全下列短语1与交战 be_war_2与相类似be similar _3抚养，教育bring_4听从某人的建议_ones advice5与不同be different_6在某些方面_some ways7周游列国travel_state_state8照顾look_atwithtoupfollowfrominfromtoafter.完成句子1Treat others in_you want to
4、be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。2 Menciushad important government positions，and_.孟子在政府中担任过要职，墨子也是。the wayso did Mozi3 But_therewere many great philosophers.但是就在那个时代也出现了很多伟大的哲学家。4Mencius believed that_man is different from animals_man is good.孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。it was also a time whenthe reason whyis that.语篇理
5、解Step 1IntroductionThe following are some beliefs of some great ancient philosophers and match them with their Chinese meanings.1Man is born good.()2All human beings are equal.()3The family is important.We are members of a group.()4Treat others in the way you want to be treated.()5People are more im
6、portant than rulers.()6We should love all human beings.()A民贵君轻 B家天下C人性本善D己所不欲，勿施于人E兼爱F众生平等Step 2FastreadingFill in the blanks according to the passage.Philosophersof AncientChinaPara.11._living background，teachings and his influence.Para.22._living background，teachings and his influence.Para.33._liv
7、ing background，teachings and his influence.Step 3Carefulreading.Read the passage and answer the question.What did all the philosophers mentioned in the passage believe in?_.Choose the best answer according to the passage.1What is the similarity of Confucius and Mozi?AThey lived in the same period of
8、 time.BThey held the same view that the government was most important.CThey had the same idea of kindness.DThey were born poor.2What is the difference between Confucius and Mencius?ATheir teachings.BThey thought man is good.CTheir ideas.DThe ideas about rulers and people.3_believed that all men were
9、 equal.AMoziBConfuciusCMencius DPhilosophers4Which of the following is right according to the passage?AConfucius was the teacher of Mencius and Mozi.BMozi stressed the importance of kindness.CMencius hated the rulers who treated people badly.DConfucius was brought up by his mother alone.Step 4Summar
10、yFill in the blanks according to the passage.Confuciuss 1._is that he believed that 2._，duty and 3._played an important part in society.His ideas have influenced Chinese society for over 4._years.5._believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is 6._.He thought that people
11、were more 7._than rulers，and hated the state when it treated people badly.Mozi considered that 8._was of great importance.He believed all men were 9._.He taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are 10._than ourselves.Step 5DiscussionWhy do people all over the world want
12、to know more about the thoughts of Confucius?_答案：Step 11.C2.F3.B4.D5.A6.EStep 21.Confuciuss2.Menciuss3.MozisStep 3.The importance of kindness，duty and order in society;man is kind and the importance of government.1.B2.D3.A4.CStep 41.ideas/teachings2.kindness3.order4.2,0005.Mencius6.good7.important 8
13、.government9.equal10.weakerStep 5(1)Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest in China.(2)He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society and Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.(3)As far as I am concerned，if human beings
14、want to survive in the 21st century，we have to seek wisdom from Confucius.课内合作探究1.importance n.U重要，重要性The importance of telling the truth cannot be doubted.讲真话的重要性是毋庸置疑的。The student hasnt recognized the importance of English.这个学生尚未意识到英语的重要性。归纳“be of抽象名词”结构：be of importance(important)重要的be of help(he
15、lpful)有帮助的be of use(useful)有用的be of value(valuable)有价值的be of interest(interesting)有趣的be of hope(hopeful)有希望的注意：“beof抽象名词”结构中抽象名词前可根据需要加上一些形容词，如great，no，little，much，some等。即学即用语法填空The achievements of this research will be of great_(important)forthe development of human civilization.答案：importance句意：该研究
16、成果将对人类文明的发展极为重要。importance“重要”，be of great importance意为“极为重要”，符合题意。2equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的 v.相等；抵得上；敌得过Men and women have equal rights in China.在中国，男女权利平等。Cut the apple into 3 equal pieces.把苹果等分切成三块。Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.玛丽和比尔同样聪明。None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dan
17、cer.不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。拓展1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；能胜任2)be without equal无与伦比；无敌3)equally adv.同样地；相等地即学即用完成句子(1)他能胜任管理办公室的工作。He_running the office.(2)我希望他最后能应付这一挑战。I hope that he proves_the challenge.答案：(1)is equal to(2)equal to语法填空(3)You can depend on it that Im trying to do what is best，but_I h
18、ave got to consider the cost.答案：equallyequally“同样地，相等地”，符合句意。句意：我将尽我最大的努力去做好这一点，你可以放心，但是同样地我也会去考虑费用。3state1)n.(1)C状态；情形the state of the nation 国家的形势the state of ones health 健康的状况a happy state of ones mind 某人愉快的心情(2)(常大写)国家；政府Should industry be controlled by the State?工业应受政府管制吗？(3)matters of state 国家
19、事务(4)(常大写)州the 50 states of the US 美国的五十个州2)v.(尤指正式地)说；陈述；叙述State your name and address.请说出你的名字和地址。The book states the case for womens right very clearly.这本书对女权的问题叙述得很清楚。词语辨析country，nation与state三个词都有“国家”之意。1)country侧重疆土、国土，是地理意义上的国家。France and Switzerland are European countries.法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。2)nation侧重
20、人民，指“民族”。In 1790 the new nation had fewer than four million people.1790年这个新成立的国家的人口不到四百万。3)state侧重政权，指“政府”。In China，the railways are owned by the state.在中国，铁路是国有的。即学即用语法填空The railways were once privately owned，but are now under _ control(国家的)答案：state4stress vt.强调；施压于；使紧张I must stress that we havent
21、much time.我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。The weight stressed the bridge to the point of damaging it.载重负荷把桥压得达到损坏的程度了。When youre not stressed，you can be more productive.只有在不紧张的时候你才会更有创造力。The detective placed great stress on details.侦探特别强调细节。be under great stress 压力很大He is under great stress because of his new job.新工
22、作使他感到压力很大。即学即用完成句子(1)英语老师强调了阅读的重要性。The English teacher_the importance of reading.(2)政府着重于福利事业。The government_welfare work.(3)新的工作使他感到压力很大。He is_because of the new job.答 案：(1)stressed(2)lays/puts/places stress on(3)under great stress语法填空(4)Susan was completely weighted down by the_ofexaminations.答案：s
23、tress句意：苏珊完全被考试的压力压垮了。stress“压力”，符合句意。5order1)n.次序；顺序；状况；工作状况in order of.照(依)排列in order of size/importance 按大小/重要性排列out of order 不整齐；状况不佳in good order 井井有条in order 处于正常情况；情况良好；整齐keep order 维护秩序注意：以上短语中不使用冠词。2)vt.命令；吩咐(1)跟不定式的复合结构。The emperor ordered them to work at once.皇帝命令他们马上干活。(2)跟带介词短语或副词的复合结构。
24、He ordered us to the front.他命令我们奔赴前线。(3)跟从句(从句中用(should)动词原形)。He ordered that we(should)do it at once.他命令我们马上做此事。(4)跟名词。The chairman ordered silence.主席要大家安静。3)vt.叫(菜等)；定(订)货Its time we ordered dinner.现在该点饭菜了。4)n.命令；吩咐(常用复数)The policeman gave orders to the thief to take out the things he had stolen.警
25、察命令小偷把所偷的东西交出来。知识拓展in order to/that 为了place an order for sth.with sb.向某人订购order sb.to do sth.命令某人干某事即学即用完成句子It seemed that everything was_(出毛病)in my personal life.Three volunteers from a local university were standing at the entrance，_(维持秩序)他的父亲规定他要用英文写日记。His father ordered that he_a diary in Englis
26、h.我向他们订购了500双鞋。I_with them_500 pairs of shoes.答案：out of orderkeeping order(should)keepplaced an order；for语法填空_(order)make her father angry，Joanna didnt dare to tell him her poor grades.答案：In order not to句意：为了不让她的爸爸生气，乔安娜没敢告诉他自己糟糕的分数。in order to表示“为了”，在句中作目的状语，其否定形式在to前加not。6.resign n.辞去(职务)；v.辞去，辞职M
27、iss Wang resigned her position as secretary.王女士辞去了秘书职务。The president was forced to resign.总统被迫辞职。搭配resign from office/a job 辞职He resigned from his office because of the low salary.他因为工资太低，辞职了。联想retire vi.退休My father retired at the age of 60.我父亲60岁时退休了。She retired early from teaching.她从教学岗位上提前退休了。即学即
28、用翻译句子她只好听天由命了。_答案：She resigned herself to her fate.7principle n.C原则；准则；原理We all stick to the principle that everyone was born equal.我们都坚持人人生来平等这一原则。He doesnt tell anyone the secret on principle.他根据自己的准则，没有告诉任何人这个秘密。知识拓展固定搭配：1)in principle原则上；大体上We accept the item in principle.我们在原则上接受了这个条款。We agree
29、in principle but we dislike your methods.大体上我们同意，但我们不喜欢你的方法。2)on principle 根据原则/准则He dealt with the problem on principle.他根据既定原则处理了那个问题。即学即用完成句子His theory is based on(基于)the_(法则)that every coin has two sides.答案：principleprinciple“法则，理论”，on the principle that“根据理论”。句意：他的理论建立在事物都有两面性的基础之上。8influential
30、 adj.有影响的，有势力的Her ideas were very influential.她的观点很有影响力。知识拓展influence v.对有影响 n影响力；影响；势力；常与over/on连用。My teacher influenced my decision to study art.我的老师影响我学习艺术的决定。A teacher has great influence on his students.老师对学生很有影响。即学即用完成句子(1)我们的报纸在本市有很大影响力。Our newspaper is an_newspaper in this city.(2)父母能对孩子的生活价
31、值观有很大的影响。Parents can_their children greatly on the value of life.Parents can_their children on the value of life.答 案：(1)influential(2)influence；have great influence on9found v.建立，创立，创办This business company was founded in 1724.这家商业公司建立于1724年。词语辨析：found，set up，build1)found主要用于创立机构、组织或理论。They founded a
32、 college.他们创办了一所大学。His theory is founded on facts.他的理论建立在事实的基础上。2)set up是口语用词，同found，表示“建立、成立组织机构”，亦可表示“树起，搭起”。A new government was set up after the war.新政府于战后成立。3)build为普通用词，主要指“修建、建筑”，常接house，road，bridge等，也可与表示抽象事物的名词socialism，hope等连用。The house is built of wood.这房子是用木头建造的。知识拓展原形汉语意思过去式过去分词find发现fo
33、undfoundfound建立foundedfounded即学即用选用found/set up/build中正确的词填空(1)We have_two large teaching buildings.(2)When was the new city_？(3)The village has_two middle schools.(4)The Chinese people are_socialism with Chinese characteristics.(5)The Peoples Republic of China was_in 1949.答案：(1)built(2)founded/buil
34、t(3)set up/founded(4)building(5)founded1.believe in 相信；信仰；信任believe in sth./sb.信任某物/某人believe in God 相信上帝的存在believe in doing sth.肯定某事物的价值或正确性词语辨析believe与believe in1)believe表示“相信某人的话；相信某事”，believe sb.believe what sb.says 相信某人的话；2)believe in常表示“信任；信仰”，多指品德上的相信。I believe in you，so I believe what you sa
35、id.我信任你，因此我相信你说的话。I dont believe that everyone believes in God.我相信，并非每个人都信仰上帝。即学即用语法填空Sometimes，we_what one says but we cant _ him.答案：believe；believe in2be at war with与交战Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。In 1920，Poland and Russia were still at
36、war.1920年，波兰和苏联仍然在交战。Countries should never go to war with each other to solve disagreement.国家之间绝不应该为解决分歧而开战。In the past，Kings of small states used to declare war on their neighbors.过去，一些小国的国王经常向邻国宣战。归纳be at war处于战争状态go to war进入战争状态，诉诸武力declare war on/upon向宣战名师点津“at不带冠词的名词”小聚会“at不带冠词的名词”表示“从事某工作”或“处
37、于某种状态”，如be at dinner/at lunch/table在吃饭be at play在玩be at work在工作be at meeting在开会be at school在上学be at rest在休息be at peace处于和平状态即学即用完成句子政府军仍在河谷附近与反对者交战。The government troops _ still _the opponents near the valley.你怎么能做到与邻居和睦相处，连一个小的争吵都没有呢？How can you live_allthe neighbours without even a small quarrel?工
38、作中的关系往往是快乐的关键。Relationships_can be the key to happiness.在进餐的人们似乎在谈论什么有趣的事情。The people_seemed to be talking about something interesting.答案：were；at war withat peace withat workat table语法填空There was_time when the two countries were at_war.答案：a；/句意：有一段时间这两个国家处于战争状态。there was a time when.，表示“有一段时间”，time表
39、示“时期”是可数名词；be at war处于战争状态，war前面不能加冠词。3bring up养育；抚养；培养；提出He was brought up by his grandparents.他是由祖父母抚养大的。She brought up five children.她养育了5个孩子。I want to bring up again the first point.我想重提一下第一点。知识拓展相关搭配：1)bring about带来，引起The reform has brought about great changes to our country.改革给我国带来了巨大变化。2)brin
40、g in引进They brought in new technology from abroad.他们引进了国外的新技术。3)bring out 出版；使出现The publishers are going to bring out a new edition of that book.出版商打算出版那本书的新版本。bring down降低They tried their best to bring down the price.他们千方百计降低价格。即学即用语法填空Born into a family with three brothers，David was_to value the se
41、nse of sharing.答案：brought up考查动词短语。句意：出生在一个三兄弟家庭，戴维受到了要看重与人分享的教育。bring up教育，养育，符合句意。选择合适的bring短语填空。Ill give you an aspirin to_yourtemperature.She tried repeatedly to_the subject of money.His nervous breakdown was_by stress.How much is she_every month?答案：bring downbring upbrought aboutbringing in1.Me
42、ncius had important government positions，and so did Mozi.孟子在政府中身居要位，墨子也是如此句中的so did Mozi是常用的倒装句型。意为“墨子也是如此”。“so助动词/be动词/情态动词主语”表示前面所说的肯定的情况也同样适用于后者，意为“也”。I saw the film last week，and so did she.上星期我看了这部电影，她也看了。(助动词)She is a student.So am I.她是学生，我也是。(be动词)I can speak English，and so can Tom.我会说英语，汤姆也会
43、。(情态动词)注意：“neither/nor助动词/be动词/情态动词主语”表示前面所说的否定的情况也同样适用于后者，意为“也不”。I dont like watching TV.Neither does my sister.我不喜欢看电视，我姐姐也不喜欢。即学即用语法填空My room gets very cold at night.So_mine.答案：does句意：“我的房间晚上很冷。”“我的也是。”当表示前者情况也适用于后者时应用“so助动词/情态动词主语”结构，与gets对应的助动词是does。2 Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were
44、very similar to those of Confucius.孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。本句中，whose引导定语从句，在从句修饰teachings，先行词为a thinker。those此处用来替代前面句中提到的teachings，以避免重复。指代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词用that，指代可数名词复数用those，that或those后常用后置定语。The land of China is larger than that of America.中国的陆地面积比美国大。(that指代land)The students in our class did be
45、tter than those in yours.我 们 班 的 学 生 比 你 们 班 的 学 生 做 得 好。(those指 代students)those prop.那些替代上文的“the名词复数”，常用于those of.The unemployment figures of this year are close to those of the year before last.今年的失业人数与前年接近。His shoulders were broad like those of a wrestler.他的双肩和摔跤手一样宽。辨析those，onesOur computers are
46、 as good as those made in America.我们生产的电脑和美国生产的一样好。Students who do well in examinations are the ones who always ask questions in class.考试成绩好的是那些上课爱问问题的学生。those是that的复数形式，指“那些”，表示特指、代指提到的或已知的复数名词。ones代指上文出现的或已知的复数名词，也是类指，可以用冠词或形容词来修饰，表特指时一般加冠词the，the ones相当于those。即学即用语法填空(1)In China，the number of cit
47、ies is increasing _ development is recognized across the world.(关系词)答案：whose句意：在中国，发展成就得到世界认可的城市数量日益增加。所填项引导从句作定语修饰cities，并且在从句中作development的定语，故用whose引导。本题中因谓语部分is increasing短语，为保持句子平衡而将定语从句置于谓语后，形成分隔式定语从句。(2)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.(代词)答案：tho
48、se句意：我们工厂有一些机器与该杂志中描述的那些相似。代词在此特指同名异物可数名词复数machines，故应用those。3Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人是善良的。第一个that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中又含有why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句。The reason why.is that.的理由是The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he
49、was ill.他缺席会议是因为他病了。知识拓展1)reason作先行词被定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句的关系词要根据定语从句中所缺的成分确定。定语从句缺少原因状语，使用why或for which；定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，定语从句应使用that或which或省略。I wont accept the reason(that/which)he explained for his being late.我不会接受他对于他的迟到所做的解释。2)The reason why.is that.其中that引导表语从句，不可以换用because。The reason why he was late was
50、that he met with an accident on the road.他迟到的原因是他在路上遭遇了一起事故。3)because引导原因状语从句。He was late because he met with an accident on the road.他因为在路上遭遇了一起事故而迟到了。4)That is because.中because引导的表语从句表述原因；That is why.中why引导的表语从句表述结果。He was late.That was because he met with an accident on the road.他迟到了。那是因为他在路上遭遇了一
51、起事故。He met with an accident on the road.That was why he was late.他在路上遭遇了一起事故。那就是他迟到的原因。即学即用语法填空One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.答案：that此处考查的是表语从句。考查that引导表语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。基 础 巩 固.单词拼写1It is almost unnecessary to say tha
52、t the great books are the most_(有影响的)books.2One of the_(原则)of solving problems is to be honest.3 The_(重 要)of washing ones hands is that it prevents inflection.4There are forty students in the class，_(平均地)divided between boys and girls.5I admired him because of his_(善良)to others.6 Shakespeare is a dr
53、amatist，and some say he is a_(哲学家)，too.7Confucius is one of Chinas greatest_(思想家)and educationists.8We will make great efforts to improve the_(秩序)of the tourism market.9He told me that he had had words with the manager and had lost his_(辞职)10After three years without promotion，he decided hed had eno
54、ugh and_(职位)答案：1.influential2.principles3.importance4.equally5.kindness6.philosopher7.thinkers8.order9.position10.resigned.用合适的介词或副词填空1Though born and brought_in America，he can speak fluent Chinese.2He is famous_his funny fairy tales，which are popular all over the world.3 Here，the word“it”refers_a d
55、og that is very clever.4 The invention of printing caused important changes_society.答案：1.up2.for3.to4.in.语法填空1He doubted whether she would be_to the task，so she was not admitted.答案：equal句意：他怀疑她是否称职，因此没接纳她。短语be equal to sth.表示“胜任某事”。2The meeting is being held at a time_the world is looking for a new
56、kind of balance between nature and cities.答案：when考查定语从句的关系词。此处time作先行词，其在定语从句中作时间状语。句意：会议是在一个全世界正在寻找新的自然和城市平衡的时代举行。3.Listen，there is some strange noise.This machine must be_order.I think so.You must have it checked.答案：out ofout of order出故障。根据“你必须让人检查一下”判断用out of order。4Why didnt you bring_the proble
57、m at the meeting so that we could discuss it together?答案：up句意：你为什么不在会上提出那个问题，以便我们能一块讨论呢？bring up“提出”，符合句意。5It is too bad for someone in such a high_in the government to behave badly in public.答 案：position考 查 名 词 词 义。position职 位；此 处someone in such a high position意为：有如此高职位的人。6He_his position as the ma
58、nager of the department because he was offered a better job.答案：resigned从题干中because he was offered a better job可推知resigned(辞职)符合语境。7.What do you think of the reasons_he explained at the meeting_reducing the price?答案：that；for分析reason后的定语从句可以看出，定语从句中的谓语动词explained缺少宾语，因此第一空应该填that或which。第二空的介词for表示“的理由
59、或原因”。8_(influence)by the growing interest in nature，more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.答案：Influenced考查过去分词作状语。句意：受越来越对自然感兴趣的影响，越来越多的人们喜欢户外运动。influence与people之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。9All the members of the WTO should follow the_oftrust and fair trade.答案：principles考查名词。句意：WTO的所有成员都应该遵守信任与公平贸易的原则。principles“原则”，符合句意。10Every year CCTV chooses ten_influential figures among the ordinary people，whose deeds can move China.答案：most考查形容词最高级。句意：每年中央电视台都要在普通人中间评选10位最具影响的人物，他们的事迹能够感动中国。课后强化作业（点此链接）
