1、外研版高一年级(必修3)Module 4不定式的句法功能1.作主语:往往放在谓语动词之前,常用it作形式主语,为了避免句子头重脚轻。注意：It+is/was+adj.+(for/of)sb+to do.不定式（短语）作主语时谓语动词用单数 e.g.:To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking._ with him is a great pleasure.A.To talk B.Talk C.TalkedD.To talking 本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况,动词不定式做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,其他三项都不能用来做主语。本句的意思是
2、:跟他聊天是件很快乐的事。2.作宾语:动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：afford,agree,appear,arrange,attempt,choose,decide,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,refuse,wish 等 作宾语时如果还带有宾语补 足语,往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。e.g.:He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study English
3、.make/find/think/considerit+adj.+to do sth3.做宾语补足语tell/ask/order/invite/teach等sb to do sth e.g.:He asked me to do the work with him.在hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带上to。e.g.:I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the
4、 song.Help sb.(to)do sth.4.作定语（动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语）I have some books for you to read.动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。但是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。e.g.:He is looking for a room to live in.He is too poor to have place to live(in).在主谓关系
5、中，当逻辑主语被the only/first/second/third.last等序数词，或被形容词最高级修饰时常用to do作定语。例：I am always the first one to get the office.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式即可以用主动语态,也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。试比较:Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要(自己)寄吗?Have you anything to be sent?你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗?At last,they found a house _.A.to leave
6、his things with B.to leave his things in C.leaving his things in D.leaving his things 本句的意思是:最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子。当动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点,工具等时,不定式后面应有必要的介词。5.作状语,表示目的,原因,结果或条件。e.g.:I came here to see you.We were very excited to find nobody there.He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(表示意料之外的结
7、果）To look at him,you would like him.目的原因结果条件6.作表语e.g.:My job is to help the patient.注意:主,表都是不定式,前者为条件,后者为目的或结果。To learn a language is to use it.My chief purpose is _ the difficulties of the matter.A.pointing outB.to be pointedC.pointed D.to point out本句的意思是:我的主要目的是指出问题的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的情况。point out是“指出”
8、的意思。7 wh-+to do 可在句中做主语，表语和宾语。Eg:What to do is a problem.My question is how to do it.I dont know where to go.1.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing Lets try some more exercises.2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what
9、 _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects 3._ late in the afternoon，Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep 4.With a lot of problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled 5.His wish
10、 is _ a doctor.A.becoming B.become C.to become D.being come 1.不定式的一般形式(to do)所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或是在它之后发生。e.g.:I saw him go out.不定式的时态和语态2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用进行时(to be doing)。I am very glad to be working with you.3.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就要用完成时(to have done)。e.g.:Im sorry to have kep
11、t you waiting so long.4.当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式(to be done,to have been done)。e.g.:He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.1.Tom _ when they spoke ill of him.A.happened to be passed B.happened to be passing by C.happened passing by D.happened to passed Have a try2.All the room
12、s in the house require _.A.being cleaned B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 3.The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _the film stars had left.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 1.不定式在介词 but,except,besides,other than 后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do/does/did时,那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to。e.g.:She could do nothing b
13、ut cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to wait.There was nothing for me to do otherthan wait until the meeting was over.I had nothing to do but watch TV.2.在以下短语中to要省去 cant help but do”不得不做“，”情不自禁“cant choose but do”不得不做，只得做“cant but do”不得不做，只得做“We cant but admire his bravery
14、.We cant choose but wait.She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but love her.注意:but 作“除了以外”解时,若前面部分有do,did,done时,but 之后接do sth.反之,后接to do sth.He can do nothing but wait.He wanted nothing but to play in the park.(但是）1.Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit B.admitte
15、d C.admitting D.to admit Lets try some exercises2.-How did you spend your weekend,Jone?-I didnt find anything interesting for me _ some washing instead of my mother.A.but did B.but do C.but doing D.but to do 3.The students did nothing except _ all day long.A.played B.playing C.play D.to playPut the
16、verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive forms.1.It is frightening _(walk)in 2.the road in a sandstorm.I hope I reach 3.home soon.2.Experts hope _(learn)more about the movement of sandstorms.to walk to learnSome more exercises3.Id like _(tell)about the situation before now.4.The work needs _ (c
17、omplete)by the end of the week.5.My father was out of the city when the sandstorm came.He was very glad _(miss)it.to be toldto be completedto have missed6.The building has _ (finish)by the end of the year.7._(see)a real sandstorm was very frightening.to be finishedTo see1.I cant help/but hope that t
18、hey 2.will succeed.2.I cant help but think/to think that it was a mistake.3.I cant chose/choose but do it.Underline the correct answer.4.He does nothing but complaining/plain.5.I cant help but to love/love her.6.The workers do nothing/not but drink tea and talk to each other.从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的
19、最佳选项。1.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.(辽宁2007)A.breaking B.having broken C.to have broken D.to break C2.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.(江西2007)A.training B.being trained
20、C.to have trained D.to be trained3._ the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.(湖南2008)A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.To completeDD4.The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.(2008全国卷II)A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking upC综 合 练 习用括号内所给动词或短语的适
21、当形式填空。1.Im sorry I cant attend your wedding,for I have an important meeting _ (attend).2.The workers were made _(work)over fourteen hours a day.3.Your suit is a bit small on you.You seem _(put on)weight.to attendto workto put on4.Tom did nothing except _(wait)before his parents came home.5.Whats the
22、 matter with Tom?Oh,his cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally,never _(find)again.6.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _(rest)on a big rock by the side of the path.to waitto restto find7.Did he manage _(carry)the books upstairs?No,he wasnt strong enough even _(move)them.8._(become)a teacher in a university,you need to have a masters degree.to carryto moveTo become
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