1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 必修3 Sandstorms in AsiaModule 41.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar IEveryday English and Function1.1.1 集合的概念Module 4课内合作探究2课后强化作业5新课标语法3基 础 巩 固4课前自主预习1课前自主预习根据提示完成句子，体会不定式在句中的用法。1风力足够强大可以搬动沙丘。The wind is strong enough_sand dunes.2遇上沙尘暴是一种可怕的经历。_a sandstorm was a terrible experience.to m
2、ove To have been caught in 3这项工作需要在周末前完成。The work needs_by the end of the week.4我不禁爱上了她。I cant help but_her.5他别无选择，只好接受事实。He had no choice but_the fact.to be completed love to accept 课内合作探究1.atmosphere1)n.大气；大气层The pollution of the atmosphere is serious.大气污染是严重的。2)n.空气These plants love warm，humid at
3、mospheres.这些植物喜欢温暖潮湿的空气。3)n.气氛；氛围Use music and lighting to create a romantic atmosphere.用音乐和灯光创造一种浪漫的气氛。The children grew up in an atmosphere of violence and insecurity.这些孩子在暴力和无安全感的环境中长大。知识拓展clear the atmosphere 消除误会(或紧张、猜疑气氛)a revolutionary atmosphere 革命的气氛即学即用语法填空The top leaders of the two countr
4、ies are holding talks in a friendly_.答案：atmosphereatmosphere除指“大气；空气”外，还有“气氛；环境”的意思，符合句意。2environment n.C，U环境；自然环境An unhappy home environment can affect a childs behaviour.不幸福的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。These rocks are common to certain climate environments.这些岩石是某些气候环境下常见的。词语辨析environment，surroundings，circums
5、tance(s)，settingenvironment既可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。surroundings专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼。所以我们说，美丽的surroundings，幸福的environment。circumstance(s)指某事或动作发生时的“情况”。setting用来指为了突出某个主体而存在的背景、环境。The children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment.孩子们在美丽的环境中长大，但是却缺少一个幸福的家庭环
6、境。Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature.也许在这样的情况下我们可以说人定胜天。The setting of the story is a hotel in Paris during the war.故事的背景是战时巴黎的一家旅馆。即学即用翻译短语(1)环境污染_(2)保护环境的措施_(3)环境保护运动_答案：(1)pollution of the environment(2)measures to protect the environment(3)an environmental mov
7、ement3concerned adj.(about，for)关心的；担心的She is very concerned about her sons study.她很关心儿子的学习。Please dont be concerned about me.请不要为我担心。We are all concerned for her safety.我们大家都担心她的安全。搭配as far as I am concerned 就我来说As far as I am concerned，the plan is acceptable.在我看来，这项计划是可以接受的。As far as I am concerned
8、，school life is enjoyable.就我而言，学校生活很有趣。知识拓展1)concern n.U，C担心；担忧 vt.使担忧；牵涉The concerned parents are full of concern about the matter which may concern their child.忧心忡忡的家长非常担心那件可能会涉及他们孩子的事情。2)concerning prep.关于We have several discussions concerning the matter.关于这件事，我们已讨论了好几次。即学即用完成句子Mother _(担 心)his s
9、afety when he stayed outside by himself.答案：was concerned about4evidence n.U根据；证明；U，C迹象，痕迹There is no evidence of his being guilty.没有任何证据证明他有罪。Evidence was piling up against them.不利于他们的证据越来越多。He couldnt show me any evidence for this statement.对于这种说法，他无法给我出示任何证据。The room bore evidence of a struggle.这房
10、间里有搏斗过的痕迹。搭配in evidence 可看见的，明显的Hes the sort of man who likes to be very much in evidence at important meetings.他是非常喜欢在重大会议上出风头的那种人。知识拓展evident adj.明显的，清楚的It is evident that he has been drinking.显然他喝了酒。It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake.你们一定很清楚，他犯了错误。即学即用语法填空Some new _ prove
11、 the prisoner guiltless.答案：evidenceevidence“证据”，符合句意。句意：一些新的证据证明这个囚犯无罪。5urgent adj.紧急的The patient was in urgent need of medical care.这个病人需要紧急医疗看护。Its not urgent；it can wait until tomorrow.这事不急，可以等到明天再说。知识拓展1)urge vt.催促，力劝 n.C强烈欲望，迫切要求They urged us to go at once.他们催促我们马上去。She urged me to rest.(She ur
12、ged me into resting.)她力劝我去休息。The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。2)urgency n.U紧急，迫切This is a matter of great urgency.这是一件十分紧急的事情。3)urgently adv.紧急地，迫切地We urgently need these books.我们急需这些书。即学即用语法填空Since the matter was extremely _，we dealt with it immediately.答案：urgenturg
13、ent“紧迫的，紧急的”，符合句意。句意：由于事情非常紧急，所以我们立即处理了。6pollute v.污染；弄脏The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.当地工厂排放的有毒废弃物污染了这条河。知识拓展polluter n.污染者；污染源pollution n.污染；弄脏polluted adj.被污染的即学即用翻译句子我们必须采取措施阻止环境污染。_答 案：We must take meassures to stop pollution of the environment.7complain vt.&v
14、i.抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚He is always complaining.他总是发牢骚。What was the weather like on your holiday?你度假时天气怎么样？Oh，I cant complain.嗬，没说的(要多好有多好)。She complained to me about his bad manners.她向我抱怨他的无礼。We have nothing to complain about/of.我们没什么好抱怨的。知识拓展complaint n.C，U 抱怨，不满I have a number of complaints about the hotel r
15、oom you have given me.我对你给我的旅馆房间有几点不满意见。链接动词名词complain 抱怨complaint 抱怨weigh 称重weight 重量join 连接joint 接头即学即用语法填空Dont _ to me again _ your low position in the government.OK.I promise never.答案：complain；of句意：“别再跟我抱怨你在政府里面的职位低了。”“好的。我保证再也不了。”complain to sb.of/about sth.意为“向某人抱怨某事”，符合题意。8absolutely adv.1)完全
16、地You are absolutely wrong.你完全错了。2)无条件地；绝对地Ill agree with him absolutely and wont change my mind later.我会绝对同意他的意见而且日后不会改变主意。知识拓展absolute adj.完全的即学即用语法填空Many African people have only the basics of survival.Its_(absolute)unbelievable.答案：absolutely句意：很多非洲人只有维持生存的基本条件，这简直令人难以置信。absolutely“绝对地；完全地”，符合题意。1
17、.take in 收容；接纳；理解；吸收；欺骗Though she was poor，she took in a poor boy.尽管她很穷，但她收容了一个可怜的男孩。He had nowhere to live in，so we took him in.他没地方住，因此我们收留了他。It took me a long time to take in what he said.我花了好长时间才明白他说的话。I was taken in by the cheat.我被那骗子骗了。知识拓展take off 起飞；脱(衣帽)take on 呈现；承担take out 拿出；拔掉take over
18、接管take up 开始(从事)；拿起；占据(空间、时间)take place 发生take the place of.代替的位置take part in 参加take a chance 冒险take ones time 慢慢来；不要着急即学即用语法填空Dont be_(take in)by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.答案：taken in考查短语。take in“欺骗”；根据句意，用被动语态。2have a(n)(bad)effect on/upon 对有(坏)影响Alcohol has a bad effect o
19、n drivers.酒精对司机有很坏的影响。This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.这件事对母子俩将来的影响很大。联想即学即用语法填空The films which _(affect)many people many years ago still have an _ on the education of the young generation today.答案：affected；effect句意：多年前影响了很多人的那些电影对今天年轻人的教育仍然有影响。affect是及物动词，意为“影响”；effect
20、是名词，意为“影响”，have an effect on.“对有影响”。3give out 分发；用完；用尽；发表；公布；发出(光、热)Please give out the examination papers.请把试卷发下去。After a days walk，both the horse and the man gave out.走了一天后，人和马都累了。The sun gives out light and heat.太阳给我们光和热。知识拓展give up 放弃give in 屈服；让步give off 发出(气体等)give back 返回；归还give away 泄密；赠送即学即
21、用语法填空The monitor helped the teacher give_ the new books to the class.答案：out句意：班长帮老师给全班分发新课本。give out“分发”，符合题意。4in a nutshell 一言以蔽之；简要地说；用一句话概括There is a lot I could say about the lecture，but in a nutshell，it is bad.我对这个演讲有很多的话说，但简而言之：糟透了。To put it in a nutshell，the show was a total disaster.一句话，这场演出
22、糟糕透了。知识拓展in a word 总之；一句话in brief 简单地说；简言之in short 长话短说；综上所述in summary 总的说来；概括起来即学即用翻译句子简而言之，我不喜欢这部电影。_答案：In a nutshell，I dont like the movie.新课标语法图解语法助记表解语法助记1不定式的用法功能规则说明例 句作主语不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。To see is to believe.眼见为实。To learn an art is very hard.学习一门艺术很难。It is right to give u
23、p smoking.戒烟很正确。作宾语不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。How I wish to see my old friends again.我是多么想再见到我的老朋友啊。I find it interesting to study English.我发现学习英语很有趣。She made it clear that she disagreed.她明确表示她不同意。功能规则说明例 句作宾语补足语在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，mak
24、e等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。可以简化为下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带上to。He asked me to do the work with him.他让我同他一块工作。These pictures made me think of my childhood.这些照片使我想起了我的童年。Dont let him go.不要让他走。I often hear him sing the song.我经常听到他唱歌。He is often heard to sing the song.经常会听到他唱歌。功能规则说明例 句作状语不定式作状语往往表示目的、
25、原因、结果或条件。注意表示原因、结果时不可置于句首。I came here to see you.我来这儿是为了看你。(目的)We were very excited to find nobody there.发现没有人在那儿，我们非常兴奋。(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there.他匆忙赶到学校，却发现那儿没有人。(结果)To look at him，you would like him.去看一下他，你会喜欢他的。(条件)功能规则说明例 句作表语不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。主语、表语都是不定式，前者为条件，后者为目的
26、或结果。主语为duty，plan，wish，hope，idea等名词。主语为what引导的名词性从句。My job is to help the patient.我的工作就是帮助病人。To learn a language is to use it.学习一门语言的目的是使用它。My hope is to become a pop singer.我希望成为一名流行歌手。What surprised me most is to see him beaten black and blue.最使我感到惊奇的是他被打得鼻青脸肿。2.不定式的时态和语态规则说明例 句不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语
27、的动作或状态同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。She seems to know all.她似乎什么都知道。I saw him go out.我看到他出去了。I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能见到你。如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行时。I am very glad to be working with you.很高兴与你合作。Dont pretend to be working hard.Justdo what you should.不要假装努力工作。做你该做的事。规则说明例 句如果不定式的动作发生在谓语
28、动词之前，就要用完成式。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起让你久等了。She is well known to have been to many countries.大家都知道她去过很多国家。当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.他要求被派往农村工作。The car needs to be repaired before we go on a trip to Europe.我们去欧洲旅游之前，这辆车需要修理一下。语态时
29、态主动式被动式一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been written完成进行式to have been writing否定式是在to前加not3“but不定式”的用法规则说明例 句不定式在介词but，except，beside，other than后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do(而非助动词)的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to。She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭别无办法。I have no choice but to wait.我除了等
30、待别无选择。I had nothing to do but watch TV.我除看电视外无事可做。She wanted nothing but to cry.她什么都不想做，只想哭一场。规则说明例 句当句子的谓语动词是cant，cant help，cant choose等结构时，but，except，besides后的不定式也省略to。We cant but admire his bravery.我们只能敬佩他的勇敢。I cant but tell her the truth.我不得不告诉她真相。We cant choose but wait.我们只能等待。She is such a lov
31、ely girl that I cant help but love her.她是一个如此可爱的女孩，我禁不住爱上了她。We couldnt help but laugh when we heard his story.听了他的故事，我们忍不住大笑起来。What could he do but forgive her?他不原谅她又能怎么办？即学即用语法填空(1)_(knock)at the door before you enter my room，please.答案：Knock本题考查祈使句。句意：在进我的房间之前请先敲门。句中出现连词before说明前后都为句子，因此用原形，为祈使句。(2
32、)Nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.答案：for本题考查介词的用法。句意：没有什么事情与父母过高地提高对孩子的期望值那么容易。此处为不定式的复合结构。注意：for sb.to do sth.与of sb.to do sth.的区别。当用for 时，表示其前面的形容词是修饰to do sth.；用of时，其前的形容词是修饰sb.的。故此处用for。(3)George returned after the war，only _(tell)that his wi
33、fe had left him.答案：to be told本题考查非谓语动词，“only to do”作结果状语。句意：战后乔治回来了，结果被告诉他妻子已离他而去。only to do sth.表示意料之外的结果。答案：A(4)Tom took a taxi to the airport，only _(find)hisplane high up in the sky.答案：to find本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语，表示意想不到的结果，要用动词不定式。句意：汤姆搭乘出租车到了机场，结果发现他要坐飞机已高在天空。(5)He told us whether_(have)a picnic w
34、as still under discussion.答案：to have考查“特殊疑问词不定式”作主语的用法。whether to have a picnic作宾语从句的主语，意思是“要不要举行野餐还在讨论之中”。(6)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _(reuse)答案：to be reused本题考查动词不定式的用法。句意为：当今，人们常把垃圾加以分类从而使之更容易被回收利用。在逻辑上it与reuse之间是动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动结构。(7)The children al
35、l turned_(lookat)thefamous actress as she entered the classroom.答案：to look at句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。turn to 表示“转向；求助”的意思。但此处turn意为“转身”，其后的不定式表目的。(8)_(be)a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.答案：To be考查非谓语动词的用法。根据后句“你需要付出一切并尽你最大努力”可知还没有成为胜者，to be a winner为目的状语，“为了成为一名胜者”。(
36、9)I have a lot of readings_(complete)before the end of this term.答案：to complete本题考查非谓语动词的使用。句意应为：这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。(10)His first book_(publish)next month is based on a true story.答案：to be published考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，由时间状语next
37、 month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book，不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。(11)He was astonished_(find)that his son was still asleep when its time for work.答案：to find句意：他吃惊地发现他儿子在上班时间睡觉。考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式作状语。(12)Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry.Petercan show you _to turn an idea into
38、 an act.答案：how句意：光有主意没用。不用担心，皮特可以教你怎样把主意变为行动。考查连接词的用法。how表示“怎样”，强调方式。基 础 巩 固.单词拼写1If you warm ice it will m_into water.2 Dont drink the p_ water in this well.Itsdangerous to your health.3There is a growing c_ about the safety of mobile phones because of its radiation.4Jack c_ to me that his stepfath
39、er had treated him badly.5The _(大气层)can prevent us from being harmed by the strong sunlight.6Mr Green wont come here to play cards.He has some _(紧急的)business to deal with.7I work in the movie industry in which the box office is a_ (主要的)concern.8 This _(回 收 的)paper can be used to make shopping bags.答
40、案：plained5atmosphere6.urgent7.major8.recycled.用括号内单词的适当形式填空。1.These _(chemistry)are harmful to the environment and we must bury them deep.2 Some measures have been taken to reduce water_(pollute)in this area.3We are trying to reach an agreement _(concern)air pollution.4 _(evident)has been piled up t
41、hat global warming is caused by human activity.5The young man has_(absolute)no experience of being a secretary.答案：1.chemicals2.pollution3.concerning4.Evidence5.absolutely.语法填空1 A stable social _ is necessary for economic development.答案：environment句意：稳定的社会环境对经济发展非常必要。environment“环境”，符合题意。2The _ over
42、dinner was warm and friendly，which impressed me a lot.答案：atmosphere句意：用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛，这给我留下了深刻的印象。atmosphere“气氛”，符合题意。3The scientist must provide_ in support of his new theory.答案：evidence句意：这位科学家必须提出证据以证明其新理论。evidence“证据”，符合题意。4 The meeting was concerned _ reforms and everyone present was concerned _
43、their own interests.答案：with；for句意：这个会议与改革有关，到会的每个人都担心自己的利益。be concerned with.意为“与有关”；be concerned for/about.意为“对担心/忧虑”。5If you can look through the text before class，you will find it easy to take_ what the teacher teaches.答案：in句意：如果你能在课前将文章浏览一遍，你会发现老师讲的内容很容易理解。take in“吸收；理解”，符合题意。6Under the windows
44、are the flowers planted by Professor Wang，giving_ a pleasant smell.答案：out句意：窗子下面是王教授种的花，散发着怡人的香气。give out“发出；分发”，用分词作状语，符合题意。7We are in a hurry，so could you please explain your point of view _a nutshell?答案：in句意：我们赶时间，所以你能简要地解释一下你的观点吗？in a nutshell“简言之；概括地讲”，符合题意。8With Fathers Day around the corner，I
45、 have taken some money out of the bank_(buy)presents for my dad.答案：to buy考查非谓语动词。本句中不定式作目的状语。句意为：父亲节快要到了，我从银行里取出钱准备给爸爸买礼物。9 There were many talented actors out there just waiting_(discover)答案：to be discovered考查非谓语动词。句中的actors与discover构成逻辑上的被动关系，要用被动形式；再根据句子表达的意思“等着被发现”可知用不定式。句意为：世界上很多有天赋的演员有待于去发现。10We were astonished_(find)the temple still in its original condition.答案：to find考查非谓语动词。be astonished to do sth.“吃惊地发现”，句中的不定式作原因状语。句意为：我们吃惊地发现这座古庙依旧保持着它的原貌。课后强化作业（点此链接）
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