1、阅读教材P44中的材料，选出最佳选项1Why are some people against space exploration according to the passage？Because they think Ait costs too much time and moneyBit might feed the worlds poorCit may result in pollution and fatal diseasesDit fails to realise the importance of space exploration2Which of the following is
2、 NOT the benefit of exploring space?AFighting against world hunger.BHelping farming to grow more food.CChanging the data on land and weather patterns.DPromoting technological improvements around the world.3What did the picture of Earth from space make people realise?AWe are living on a island.BOur e
3、arths resources are limited.CWe can find ways in the black sea.DMars is the best planet to live on.答案13ACBWords and Phraseslack n缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏(教材P42)Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity，so they need to exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy
4、.在太空中由于缺乏引力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱，因此他们需要每天进行锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。例1She showed a lack of humour.她缺乏幽默感。例2He didnt go there because he lacked courage.他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。知识拓展(1)lack sth.缺少某物(2)a lack of. 的缺乏for lack of. 因缺乏have no lack of. 不缺乏(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的be lacking in 缺乏；缺少名师点津lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加
5、宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.Though lacking(lack) money，he sent his son to college.他缺乏做那项工作的勇气。He is lacking in courage to do the work.缺乏睡眠会危害鸟的健康。Lack of sleep could put the birds health at risk
6、.argue vi.&vt.论证；争辩；争论(教材P44)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和钱财来探索太空。例1He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday.他和玛丽为最好的度假地点而争吵。例2The workers argued for their right to strike.工人们为他们罢工的权力而辩护。知识拓展(1)argue for.为而争论；为而辩护argue aga
7、inst 争辩(反对)argue that.(should) do sth. 主张argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人争辩某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；论点即学即练单句语法填空How I regretted arguing with her about the important question, which made us all unhappy.We tried many ways to argue him into following our advi
8、ce, but in vain.The same argument(argue) does not hold good in every case.result in导致；造成(教材P44)It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.它已经直接制造了很多现在绕地球运行的卫星。例1They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon
9、 dioxide.他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。例2It had rained heavily for weeks，which resulted in severe flood in this area.大雨已下了几周，造成了这个地区的严重水灾。知识拓展(1)result in为及物动词短语，表示“导致”的意思，其同义词有cause(引起)，bring about(引起；导致；致使)；lead to(导致)；contribute to(有助于；向投稿)等。(2)result from由产生as a result of 由于的原因as a result 结果即学即练
10、单句语法填空/完成句子As we all know，his hard work resulted in his success.As we all know，his success resulted from his hard work.由于辛勤的工作，她成功了。She succeeded as a result of her hard work.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。He made a big mistake，and as a result，he lost his job.run out用完；耗尽(教材P45)It is necessary to find a new home for
11、 people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out.在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。例1Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip.在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。例2Our time is running out.我们的时间快没了。知识拓展(1)run out of用完；用光；用尽give out 耗尽；筋疲力尽use up 用完；耗尽(2)run for 竞选；匆匆去取run across 偶然遇到run into 撞上；遇到；邂逅ru
12、n through 浏览；跑着穿过明辨异同run out of，run out，give out，use uprun out of是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于use up，表示“用完；用尽”run out是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，相当于give outgive out可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”等use up是及物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于run out of即学即练单句语法填空Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running outWe must act immediately
13、before theres none left.The taxi ran into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.She ran across an old friend of hers on the way to the station.小片段助记Worse luck！First, food and drinking water had been used up before we reached the destination.Then, my husband was speeding up the car when it
14、suddenly broke down. It turned out that the gas had run out.So we had to walk ahead along the road until my strength gave out.We finally made our way to a small hotel but to our despair, we found we had used up/run out of our money.attach vt.系；绑；贴(教材P46)While sleeping，they must attach themselves to
15、something so as to prevent floating around.在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘浮。例1Please attach labels to the luggage.请把行李贴上标签。例2In the new century，we still should attach importance to the development of economy.在新世纪，我们仍然要重视经济发展。知识拓展(1)attach.to.把固定/附在上attach great importance/significance to sth. 认为非常/很有意义(
16、2)attached adj. 附加的；依恋的be attached to 附属于；依恋即学即练单句语法填空My parents always attach importance to my getting a good education.This hospital attached(attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.This hospital is attached(attach) to the medical college nearby.如何做文章主旨大意题文章主旨大意题旨在考查考生的归纳总
17、结能力以及对文章整体的理解和把握能力，要求考生通过快速浏览全文，辨别主要信息和次要信息，并对这些主要信息加以理解和归纳，准确获取语篇的主旨大意。这类题目常就文章的中心思想或文章标题设问，考查整篇文章的中心思想。例文(2020全国卷，B)Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert o
18、n mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income，education an
19、d the amount of parent talk，Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played
20、with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at on
21、e time.Higherincome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active
22、 during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.方法技巧：做主旨大意题要注意不同题材的特点，具体问题具体分析：(1)记叙文通常按时间先后或事情发展顺序来叙述，一般可以概括为“何人何时何地去做何事”。假如不是特别强调其中某一项，一般可缩写成“何人做何事”。(2)夹叙夹议类的文章，其中心思想往往不会在第一段。作者通常会先讲一个小故事，从而引出文章的中心思想，再用另一个故事再次证实这个中心思想，接着进行议论。这一类文章的中心思想
23、通常就体现在两个故事之间的那个段落的内容之中。(3)说明文、议论文或新闻报道类文章的主题通常出现在首段或末段。第一段给出作者的观点或引出将要叙述的事物，而末段则总结全文。因此，在阅读议论文、说明文或新闻报道类文章时，要留意首段和末段的信息，寻找全文中概括性的语句，通常这就是文章的主题所在。What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman psychologist.DA teaching program.B主旨大意题。本文主要围绕心理学家苏珊莱文的一项研究而展开，具体介绍了该研究的对
24、象、方法及发现，最后还提到该研究发表在一本学术刊物上。故选B项。即学即练快速确定下面主旨大意题的答案The biggest challenge faced by travellers especially those who like to go hiking is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes. Now, thanks to a great invention called Scrubba Wash Pack, that worry may be a thing of the past.The portable(手提的) was
25、hing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while he was planning to climb Kilimanjaro.Bothered about the limited packing space, he got inspiration (灵感) from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes.Then he gave up his career as a lawyer and focused on perfect
26、ing the bags design. By 2012, the bag was ready for the public. It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space, making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light.Not surprisingly, the bag worth 55 dollars was an instant hit among travellers, university students and even passenge
27、rs. However，Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a flaw (缺点) with his inventiondirty clothes had to be carried in a separate bag! The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Pack solves that problem.In order to make the pack active, dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two to three liters
28、of water. The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out (挤出去) and the clothes are rubbed for a few minutes. After a quick wash, they are clean and ready to be dried. According to Newland, the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks! Whats even more amazing is that with a
29、capacity to hold 13 liters of water, it can be used to wash more clothes at a time.The best part is that the 99dollar pack that will be available for sale in the near future, only weighs 300 grams and is completely foldable, making it easy to store when its not in use.With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wan
30、dering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past!What is the passage mainly about?AIntroducing a great new invention.BExplaining the development of backpacks.CListing some common problems for travellers.DComparing two kinds of washing machines.A主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了Scrubba Wash Pack的发明过程及其优点和功能，故本文主要介绍了一项新发明。