1、一.结构:to do 二.(否定)not to do 二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式不定式to do to be doneto be doingto have done to have been done-三.用法/功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn.(1).主语不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.三.用法/功能My job to teach students.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2).表语I want to go home.I found it n
2、ecessary to talk to him again.(3)宾语think/consider/find it+adj.+to do常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等(4).宾补五看watch seelook at observenotic
3、e三使letmakehave二听listen to hear一感觉:feel注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to。常用口诀如下：五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有
4、介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。We were very excited to hear the news(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果)To look at him，you would lik
5、e him(条件)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)作主语 To smoke is a bad habit.It is+adj for sb.to do sth.It is adj of sb.to do sth.作表语 主语+be+t
6、o do 此外在seem,appear,happen,prove 后常带不定式 作宾语 常用的词有want,like,wish,hope,continue,try,ask,decide,agree,expect,offer 另外，find/consider/think/feel+it+adj+to do 作状语 使役动词(make/have/let)和感官动词(see/watch/hear/)+省to的不定式作宾补 常见的动词ask,wish,help,prefer,want.作定语 有些名词后常用不定式作定语 chance/way/time/the first/the only 不定式的主动
7、式或被动式作定语表达的意义是不同的 I have many letters to write.我自己写 I have many letters to be written.让别人写一，不定式的基本形式1）一般形式表示的动作与谓语表示的动作几乎同时发生。They invited us to go there.2）进行式与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。They seemed to be talking about something secret.3)完成式表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。I am sorry to have done that.4)完成进行式在谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作
8、。We are happy to have been working with you.5)被动式These clothes are to be washed as soon as possible.6)否定式I warn them not to go out alone.Let me try!1.My teacher was made _ his teaching2.because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up B.C.give up D.given upC.2.The sentence wants _ once more.D.explain
9、ed B.to explain E.C.being explained D.to be explainedF.3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.G.having been B.to have beenH.C.to be D.being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenB.C.to be weaving D.to weaveC.5.I found th
10、e German language hard _.D.learned B.learning E.C.to be learned D.to learnF.6.The secretary worked late into the night,G._ a long speech for the president.H.to prepare B.preparing I.C.prepared D.was preparing7.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offB.C.to tu
11、rn it off D.having turned it offC.8.The missing boys were last seen _D.near the river.E.playing B.to be playing F.C.played D.to playG.9._ in thought,he almost ran into the H.car in front of him.I.Losing B.Having lostJ.C.Lost D.To lose10.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school
12、to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study11.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to B.C.managed to D.plannedC.12.We find it impossible for the work _D.ahead of time.E.to finish B.finishing F.C.being finished D.to be finishedG.13.-I usually
13、go to Shanghai by train.H.-Why not _ there by boat for a I.change?J.to try to go B.try going K.C.to try going D.try to go 14._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeB.C.Making D.To have madeC.15.I would rather starve to death than _D.for food.E.beg B.begging C.begged D.to
14、begF.16.The boy pretended _ when his motherG.entered.H.reading B.to read I.C.to be reading D.being read1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_
15、it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to
16、be seen C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 7.Paul d
17、oesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do n
18、ot to10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the fir
19、st computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make
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