1、重点语法精析勤思巧学园地Period FourGrammar：Review of Verb Forms(2)复习动词时态()1一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用(如yesterday，last week，in 2000，two years ago，a moment ago等)。The schoolboy fell off his bike yesterday.这个男生昨天从自行车上摔了下来。一、一般过去时重点语法精析勤思巧学园地I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this mor
2、ning.今天早上我吃了两个鸡蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。(2)表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，sometimes等表示频度的词连用。I often went to school on foot last term.上学期我经常步行去上学。Her father usually did some housework at home last year.她爸爸去年常常在家做些家务。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地(3)表示过去特定时间一次完成的有先后顺序的具体动作。此时常常不用时间状语，而通过上下文情景来判断。She got up,washed her face,clea
3、ned her teeth,had her breakfast and then went to work.她起床了，洗完脸，刷过牙，吃过早饭，然后就去上班了。I got to my office,opened my desk,did some cleaning and began to work.我来到办公室，打开书桌，打扫了卫生，然后就开始工作。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2一般过去时与现在完成时的区别(1)概念不同。一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，与现在无关，属于“过去”时态范畴；现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，属于“现在”时态范畴。Have you had your
4、 lunch?你吃过午饭没有？Yes，I have.吃过了。Where did you have it?你在哪儿吃的？I had it at the school cafeteria.我在学校餐厅吃的。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地(2)时间状语不同。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，two days ago，last year等。现在完成时往往不与表示过去的时间状语连用，而是多与before，already，ever，never，ever since，since等连用。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【单项填空】If you dont like the drink you _
5、just leave it and try a different one.Aordered Bare orderingCwill order Dhad ordered解析 考查动词的时态。句意：如果你不喜欢你所点的饮料，就把它放那儿，试试另一种。dont like the drink是现在时，点饮料是过去的动作，因此，用过去时，故选A。A重点语法精析勤思巧学园地When I got on the bus,I_I had left my wallet at home.Awas realizing BrealizedChave realized Dwould realize解析 考查动词的时态。
6、句意为：当我上了车后，我才意识到我把钱包落在家里了。I had left my wallet at home发生在realized之前，前一句When I got on the bus给出的时间起点是过去时，故选B。B重点语法精析勤思巧学园地1过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前已经完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等引导的介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。二、过去完成时重点语法精析勤思巧学园地I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。The play had already starte
7、d when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态持续到过去另一个时间，或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。He told me that he had kn
8、own her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地3使用过去完成时态的几个典型句型：(1)主语had hardly(scarcely)过去分词when(before)主语一般过去时/主语had no sooner过去分词than主语一般过去时He had hardly got into the room when the telephone r
9、ang.他刚一进房间电话铃就响了。They had no sooner got home than it began to rain.他们一到家，天就下起雨来。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地(2)表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。常用动词有hope，think，expect，intend，mean，suppose，want等。They had wanted to help but couldnt get here in time.他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。(3)It was时间since主语十过去完成时They asked me to have a drink with
10、them.I said that it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink.他们请我和他们一起喝酒。我说我至少有十年没有好好喝一次了。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地4.一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”，当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用此时态。试比较：重点语法精析勤思巧学园地【单项填空】Last month,the Japanese government expressed their than
11、ks for the aid they _from China.Areceive Bare receivingChave received Dhad received解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：上个月，日本政府对来自于中国的援助表示了感谢。expressed是过去时，接受中国的援助发生在expressed之前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。选D。D重点语法精析勤思巧学园地She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the child _ everything!Ahad been eating Bhad eatenChave eaten Dhave b
12、een eating 解析 考查动词的时态。句意为：她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去即过去完成时。故选B。B重点语法精析勤思巧学园地1过去进行时的用法(1)表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。He was playing while I was studying.我在做功课时他在玩。(2)过去进行时表示婉转语气，只限于want，hope，wonder等动词，用以提出请求。I was wondering if you could give me a lift.我不知你能否让我搭一下车。We were
13、 hoping you would stay with us.我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。三、过去进行时重点语法精析勤思巧学园地(3)过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与always，forever，continually等副词连用。They were always quarrelling.他们老是吵架。The boy was continually asking questions.这个男孩子老是问东问西的。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2过去进行时与一般过去时的区别(1)过去进行时可表示过去反复地做的动作，而一般过去时表示只做一次的动作。试
14、比较：She was nodding.她不停地点头。She nodded.她点了点头。(2)leave，arrive，start，die等的过去进行时表示“快要完成，即将”，而一般过去时表示“已经完成”。试比较：She was dying.她快要死了。She died.她死了。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地(3)过去进行时表示正在进行尚未完成的动作，而一般过去时则表示已完成的动作。试比较：She was writing a letter at nine last night.她昨晚9点钟在写信。She wrote a letter and posted it.她写好信就寄走了。重点语法精析勤思巧学园
15、地【单项填空】The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.Agave Bgives Cwas giving Dhad givenC重点语法精析勤思巧学园地解析考查动词的时态。句意为：经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运的是，一切进展顺利。was worried about和everything was going on smoothly都是过去时，排除B选项。经理担心的时候正是助手
16、举办新闻发布会之时，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，排除表示过去完成时的D选项。A选项gave表示过去的动作发生过，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在进展中，故选C。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地结构不同 答案迥异有许多试题，从表面上看是甲结构，而实际上是乙结构；或者命题人考查的是甲结构，而应试者却将其误认为是乙结构；或者从选项来看是甲结构，而题干考查的实际上是乙结构等等。对于这类问题，若不仔细识别，很容易出错。下面请看几个实例：1We keep in touch _ writing often.Awith Bof Con Dby这应该是
17、一个比较简单的问题，你能选对吗？此题考查的是keep in touch with这个短语吗？重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.Ait Bit repairedCrepaired Dto be repaired此题答案是选B吗？考查的是“have 名词或代词十过去分词”这个结构吗？如果是考查这个结构，你能解释理由吗？如果不是，你能说出是考查哪个结构吗？重点语法精析勤思巧学园地3Whom would you rather _ w
18、ith you，Jim or Jack?Ahave go Bhave to goChave gone Dhas to go从选项来看，似乎选B、C、D均可以，因为have to go，have gone，has to go等本身从语法上看都是可能的，而最不可能选的就是A，因为have go这结构本身就有点怪，似乎不妥。同学们，你们也这样认为吗？但其实正确答案正是A，你想知道是为什么吗？本文搜集了一些同学们可能受结构影响而出错的典型问题，希望对大家解此类题有些帮助。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地一、这里为什么要用过去分词？The managers discussed the plan that the
19、y would like to see _ the next year.Acarried out Bcarrying outCcarry out Dto carry outA重点语法精析勤思巧学园地解析此题结构比较复杂，语言基础较差的同学可能无法理清句子结构。正确的句子结构分析是这样的：that they would like to see _ the next year是修饰名词the plan的定语从句，而在这个定语从句中，关系代词that(即指先行词the plan)用作动词see的宾语，所以定语从句的本来面目便是they would like to see the plan _the
20、next year。显然，其中的the plan与横线处的carry out有被动关系，故应填过去分词carried out，即此题正确答案为A。重点语法精析勤思巧学园地1Use an umbrella to_ you from the rain.Astop Bprevent Ckeep Dprotect解析 许多同学一看到题干中的from，再联系到选项中的prevent，便马上想起了prevent.from.这个常用搭配，于是选择了B答案。这样分析的同学，没有完全弄清prevent.from的用法特点。在prevent A from B这一句式中，A和B通常具有主谓关系，如在The rain
21、 prevented us from going out.(下雨使我们不能出去)中，“我们”与“出去”就具有主谓关系。而上面一题不具备此特点。此题正确答案应是 D，protect.from.意为“保护免受”。D二、是protect from还是prevent.from?重点语法精析勤思巧学园地下面一题也应选protect：2He was wearing dark glasses to_his eyes from the sun.Aprevent BprotectCkeep DstopB重点语法精析勤思巧学园地请再看一例：3He was in great need of money,so he
22、_$5,000 for his car.Apaid Btook Ccost Dspent解析 许多同学根据pay.for.这一搭配推断出此题应选A。但是错了，当然若单独说He paid$5,000 for the car.(他付了5 000美元买这车)也没什么不妥，但问题是，本句前面有这样一句He was in great need of money(他急需要钱)，既然是“急需要钱”，又怎么还会花5 000美元去买车呢？尤其还需注意的是car前的物主代词his，这说明是为自己的车花5 000美元，不合情理。此题的正确答案是B，take在此表示“获得”。句意：因为他急需要钱，把自己的车以5 00
23、0美元给卖掉了。B重点语法精析勤思巧学园地We keep in touch _writing often.Awith Bof Con Dby解析 许多同学根据keep in touch with(与保持联系)这一搭配推断出此题应选A。但是选A错了，因为套用此搭配此句意思不通，正确答案应是D，by表示方式，by writing意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。D 三、考查keep in touch with这一短语吗？重点语法精析勤思巧学园地1They werent a particularly good team,but they refused to give in a
24、nd _ defeat.Aaccept BacceptedCaccepting Dto have accepted解析 此题容易误选B，误认为accepted与谓语refused并列。其实，最佳答案为 A，动词accept与give并列。A四、是并列谓语动词还是非谓语动词？重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then _ off the gas.ATurn BturningCturned Dhaving turned解析 turn off the gas与watch the milk until
25、it boiled并列。A重点语法精析勤思巧学园地3He just does what he pleases and never_ about anyone else.Athink BthinksCthinking Dthought解析 thinks与前面的does为并列谓语，同用一般现在时。B重点语法精析勤思巧学园地4I dont know whether to stay in teaching or _ another job.Atrying getting Bto try to getCtrying to get Dtry get解析to stay in teaching与to try
26、to get another job为两个并列的选择成分，故同用不定式。另外比较：try to do sth设法做某事，try doing sth做某事看看有何效果。B重点语法精析勤思巧学园地Please make my excuse at tomorrows meetingIve got too much work_.Ato do to come Bdoing comingCto do coming Ddoing to come解析 不定式to do与have got much work搭配，即have got much work to do(有许多工作要做)；不定式to come与much
27、前的too搭配，构成too.to.句式。句意为：我有太多的工作要做，不能来。A 五、这个句子涉及两个结构重点语法精析勤思巧学园地1Whom would you rather _ with you，Jim or Jack?Ahave go Bhave to goChave gone Dhas to go解析 有的同学一看选项便首先排除了 A，认为have go这种结构本身就有问题。而事实上此题的正确答案应为A。A六、此处为什么填have go而不填have to go?重点语法精析勤思巧学园地请同学们先看下面一句：I would rather have Jim go with me.我宁愿要吉姆
28、同我一道去。句中的have为使役动词，所以其后用做宾语补足语的不定式go with me不带to。假若对此句中的Jim提问，不就成了Whom would you rather have go with you？了吗？重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2Who did the teacher _ an article for the wall newspaper?Ahas write Bhave writeChas written Dhave written解析 此题很容易误选C或D，因为从选项本身来看，A和B的搭配结构显然不对。其实，此题的正确答案是B，此句可通过对下面一句的Jim的提问得来：The t
29、eacher had Jim write an article for the wall newspaper.其中的had为使役动词，故其后用作宾语补足语的不定式短语to write不带to。B重点语法精析勤思巧学园地1It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father_ he spent his childhood.Awhich；that Bthat；whichCwhich；which Dthat；where解析填对此句的关键是要弄清第二空必须填that，因为这是一个强调句，被强调部分为in the small ho
30、use(以及修饰它的定语从句which was built with stones by his father)；第一空填which，用以引导定语从句。A七、这是强调结构，但同时包括定语从句重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2It was the boy_had been in prison_stolethe money.Awho；where Bthat；howCwho；that Dthat；which解析 全句为强调句，被强调成分是the boy以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison。C重点语法精析勤思巧学园地3It was just in this room _ he wa
31、s born _ he died.Awhere；which Bthat；thatCwhere；that Dwhich；that解析 全句为强调句，被强调成分是in this room,where he was born为修饰this room的定语从句。C重点语法精析勤思巧学园地1The point is not who said the words，_they are true or not.Abut whether Band whetherCbut how Dand how解析 此题涉及两个搭配：一是not.but.(不是而是)，二是whether.or not(是否)。A八、考查了两个搭配重点语法精析勤思巧学园地2He was not an actor,who often appeared on stage，_ a writer,writing stories.ABut Band Cthen Dso解析 主要考查not.but.结构。A
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