1、Unit 5 Grammar省略高二人教新课标版必修五省略句的定义省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。省略的句子成分省略成分:主谓宾,定状表省略原则:省略重复的内容，省略后,不致令人费解。省略类型：1.心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)；2.承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)；3.可有可无型(用于宾语从句中的that、定语从句中作宾语的whom,which,that和某些状语从句中)4.虚拟倒装型(只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中)。一 简单句中的省略1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略 Doesnt
2、 matter.(It)doesnt matter.(It)Sounds like a good idea.2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：（省略主语和谓语）（省略主语和谓语）What/How(do you think)about a cup of tea?Why(do you)not say hello to him?3、省略表语，宾语。Are you thirsty?Are you thirsty?Yes,I am.Yes,I am.-Do you know Miss Hu?-I dont know(her).(thirsty).(thirsty).4、同时省略几个成分 Let Lets
3、 meet at the same place as s meet at the same place as yesterday.yesterday.(we met)(we met)同时省略主、谓语同时省略主、谓语 Have you finished your work?Not yet.I have I have notnot finished my homework finished my homework yetyet.CMy brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-l
4、aw a lawyer.a lawyer.两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。Lins father was not at home,but his mother was(at home).(is(is)二 并列句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：Pity that he missed such a good chance.(Its a)三复合句中的省略 Are you leaving for Beijing this Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?Sunday?I think so.I think so.sosoIIm
5、 leaving for Beijing this m leaving for Beijing this Sunday.Sunday.Tom must be free today.Tom must be free today.If so,he can help us.If so,he can help us.sosohe is free.he is free.注意：主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替 It is going to rain,isnIt is going to rain,isnt it?t it?I hope not.I hope not.notnotit is no
6、t going to rain.it is not going to rain.这种用法常见的有：How so?Why so?Is that so?I hope so.He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not.Why not?等等。We all know(that)the earth runs around the We all know(that)the earth runs around the sun.sun.(that)(that)2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。Mary sai
7、d(that)she is from American and Mary said(that)she is from American and that she is 16 years old.that she is 16 years old.(that)(that)3.定语从句中的省略在定语从句中，that,which,who在从句中作宾语时可省略。I haven I havent read the book (that/which)yout read the book (that/which)youre re reading.reading.(that/which)(that/which)
8、The man (that/who)your father just talked The man (that/who)your father just talked to is our English teacher,Mr.Smith.to is our English teacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)(that/who)4.状语从句中的省略在以when,while,once引导的时间状语从句及以if,unless引导的条件状语从句中和though,although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语
9、+be”部分。When asked what he had done,John When asked what he had done,John just kept silent.just kept silent.When he was asked what he had done,John When he was asked what he had done,John just kept silent.just kept silent.he he If he is free,Jack will go with us.If he is free,Jack will go with us.he
10、was he was If free,Jack will go with us.If free,Jack will go with us.he is he is 动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留部分，只保留toto，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有bebe，have,have beenhave,have been时，要保留这些词。时，要保留这些词。Are you going there?Are you going there?Yes,IYes,Id like to.d like to.He d
11、idnt give me the chance,though he had promised to.Are you an engineer?Are you an engineer?No,but I want to No,but I want to bebe.He hasnHe hasnt finished the task yet.t finished the task yet.Well,he ought to Well,he ought to havehave.(go there).(go there).(give me the chance).(give me the chance).四
12、不定式中的省略ATTENTION!使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.I passed by.A man was noticed to enter the classroom.A man was noticed to enter the classroom.totoXX1.在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were,had,should时，常可以省
13、略if而将were,had,should置于句首。Were I you,I Were I you,Id give the AIDS patient a hug.d give the AIDS patient a hug.Had I a lot of money,I Had I a lot of money,Id aid the poor d aid the poor children.children.虚拟条件句中的省略If I wereIf I were you,I you,Id give the AIDS patient a hug.d give the AIDS patient a hu
14、g.If I had a lot of money,IIf I had a lot of money,Id aid the poor children.d aid the poor children.He suggest we He suggest we (should)(should)set out right set out right away.away.2.2.在含有表示在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可命令、要求、建议、许可”或或“禁禁止止”等意义的名词性从句中使用等意义的名词性从句中使用“should+should+动词动词原形原形”表示虚拟语气的，表示虚拟语气的，shouldsh
15、ould常可以省略。如：常可以省略。如：His suggestion is that we His suggestion is that we (should)(should)set out set out right away.right away.Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.1.The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.(_)课本P37第三题2.A boy was on the left side of t
16、he sick woman,and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman.3.She has a daughter who is in hospital.4.He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor.(_)(_)(_)5.Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?or not.6.She could not decided whether to send him t
17、o hospital or not to send him to hospital.7.When your nose is bleeding,you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesnt run down your throat.8.Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course.not down y
18、our throat.These sentences are correct.However,one or more words have been left out.Can you tell your partner which words are missing?1)The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.The cottage(which is)surrounded by awall belongs to the local government.P37 4.2)The first book I r
19、ead this term was more interesting than the second.The first book(that)I read this term was more interesting than the second(book that I read this term).3)To her teachers surprise,she did better in her first aid exam than expected.To her teachers surprise,she did better in her first aid exam than(sh
20、e was)expected(to do).1.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begunD单项选择2.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way whichA3.A computer does only what thinking peo
21、ple _.A.have it do B.have it done C.have done it D.having it doneA4.-Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my car?-Not at all._.A.Ive no time B.Id rather not C.Id like it D.Id be happy toD5.-You havent lost the ticket,have you?-_.I know its not easy to get another one at the mo
22、ment.A.I hope not B.Yes,I have C.I hope so D.Yes,Im afraid soA6._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.WillB7.-Lets go and have a good drink tonight.-_ Have you got the first prize in the competition?A.What for?B.Thanks a lot.C.Yes,Id lik
23、e to D.Why not?A8.-Tomorrow is a holiday.Why are you doing your homework?-I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have _ on Sunday.A.it B.them C.for D.toD9.-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening?-Yes.Itll be fine if you _.A.are B.can C.invite D.do10.-Arent you the manager?-N
24、o,and I _.A.dont want to B.dont want to be C.dont want be D.dont wantDB11.-Wont you have another try?-_.A.Yes,I will have B.Yes,I wont have C.Yes,I wont D.Yes,I will 12.-I wont do it any more.-_?A.Why not B.Why dont do any more C.Why not do D.Why dont DA 13.-Do you think it will snow tomorrow?-_.A.I
25、 dont think B.No,I dont think C.I dont think so D.No,I dont so 14.-Have you fed the cat?-No,but _.A.Im B.I am C.Im just going D.Im just going toCD15.-Does your brother intend to study German?-Yes,he intends _.A./B.to C.so D.that16.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told
26、him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 17.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.LostC.Losing D.Because of losingBAC18.If _,well continue our experiment after office hours.A.being necessary B.be necessary C.is necessary D.necessary19.-Do you think its goi
27、ng to rain over the weekend?-_.A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not 20.Generally speaking,_ according to directions,the drug has no side effect.A.when taking B.when takenC.when to take D.when to be takenDDB21.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and _.A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white22.-Would you like some wine?-Yes,just _.A.little B.very little C.a little D.a fewCC
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