1、Period ThreeGrammar，Speaking & Writing一、动词ing形式(现在分词)作状语的句法功能1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。Having finished the homework，he went shopping.After he had finished his homework，he went sh
2、opping.完成作业后，他就去购物了。注意：当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2.作原因状语。一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句。Being ill，he couldnt go to school.As he was ill，he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。Not knowing how to get there，I had to ask the way.As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.因为不
3、知道如何到那里，我只得问路。3.作条件状语。一般放在句首，其前可以加if，unless等连词。Working hard，and youll make great progress.If you work hard，youll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。Unless working harder，youll surely fail in the exam.除非更加努力，否则你无法通过考试。4.作方式状语。不能用状语从句来代替。He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。We visite
4、d a number of cities，traveling by train.我们坐火车访问了好多城市。5.作伴随状语。表示伴随的次要动作或补充说明，相当于一个并列谓语。Every evening they sat on the sofa，reading books.Every evening they sat on the sofa，and read books.他们每天晚上坐在沙发上读书。I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.I stood by the door，and didnt dare to say a word.我站在门旁，一
5、句话也不敢说。6.作让步状语。一般放在句首，常常由although/though，while，even if/though等连词引入。Although repeating his words many times，the teacher could not make her understand what he meant.尽管重复了很多遍，老师仍无法让她理解自己的意思。While achieving great achievements，he is very modest.虽然取得了很大的成就，但他很谦虚。7.作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果，不定式短语作结果状语表示事与愿违的结果)。置于句末
6、，前面经常加so，thereby，thus，hence等表示结果的副词。He worked day and night，thus making himself nearsighted.他日夜工作，结果造成眼睛近视。The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了将近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。注意：(1)现在分词作状语时除了可以表示上述情况外，还可表示补充说明。Please hand in your homework，writing down your name and your number.请交上你们的家庭作业
7、，写上姓名和学号。(2)一般说来，分词(短语)作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致，但事实上有少数特殊情况。当句子中含有主语it或there时，有时用作状语的分词短语的逻辑主语可以与句子的主语不一致。Having so little time，there was not much that I could do.由于时间很少，我能做的事情很有限。当分词已转化成为介词或连词，此时也无需考虑主语一致问题。Supposing she doesnt come，what shall we do?要是她不来我们该怎么办？(supposing为连词，意为“假若”)Seeing (that) he didn
8、t help others，no one would like to help him.鉴于他不帮助别人，没有人愿意帮助他。(seeing (that)为连词，意为“鉴于，由于”)当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。In doing such work，patience is needed.When one does such work，patience is needed.做这种工作需要耐心。即时跟踪1用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Being(be) so angry，he couldnt go to sleep.2.Holding(hold) g
9、uns，the soldiers rushed out.3.The children went out of the school，talking(talk) and laughing(laugh).4.The fish can eat a man in a few minutes，leaving(leave) only the bones.5.Walking(walk) along the valley，we came across a large cave.6.Arriving(arrive) at the worksite，she found them busy laying brick
10、s.7.When leaving(leave) the airport，they waved again and again to us.二、动词ing形式的时态动词ing形式的完成式：having done，表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，并且只能作状语，表示时间或原因(一般式表示动词ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)。Having lived in London for years，I almost know every place quite well.在伦敦住了多年，我几乎对那儿的每个地方都很熟悉。(having lived作状语，表示原因，live动作发生在kno
11、w动作之前)Having worked for three hours(After he (had) worked for three hours)，he took a rest.工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一下。(having worked作状语，表示时间，work动作发生在take a rest动作之前)He stood there，waiting for a bus.他站在那里等公共汽车。(waiting为动词ing形式的一般式作状语，与stand动作同时发生)即时跟踪2句型转换1.After he had washed his face，he went to the park.Havi
12、ng washed his face，he went to the park.2.After she finished her work，she began to see the film.Having finished her work，she began to see the film.3.Because we hadnt received his answer，we wrote a letter to him.Not having received his answer，we wrote a letter to him.三、动词ing形式的否定式：not doing；not having
13、 doneNot knowing this，he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。即时跟踪3完成句子1.Not recognizing the voice(未辨认出这个声音)，he refused to give the person his address.2.Not knowing his telephone number(不知道他的电话号码)，I couldnt get in touch with hi
14、m.3.Not having been invited to the party(未被邀请参加聚会)，she had to stay home.四、评论性状语/悬垂分词有些现在分词作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking，judging from，considering，supposing，providing等。Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.
15、一般说来，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。即时跟踪4完成句子1.Frankly speaking(坦率地说), I dont like her songs at all.2.Judging from his accent(根据他的口音判断), he may be from the south of China.五、独立主格现在分词作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。The rain having stopped，we went on marching.雨停之后，我们继续前进。即时跟踪5完成句子1.Many eyes
16、 watching him(许多眼睛看着他)，he felt a bit nervous.2.Weather permitting(如果天气允许), we will go to the park.用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.(2016北京)2.People probably cooked their food in large pots，using(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016全国)3
17、.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using(use) the sun and the stars.(2015重庆)4.In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，combining(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.(2015福建)5.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassla
18、nd，staring(stare) at the night sky.(2014湖南)6.Having spent(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2014福建)7.The lecture having been given(give)，a lively questionandanswer session followed.(2014江苏)8.When I was little，my mother used to s
19、it by my bed，telling(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.(2013重庆)9.Not knowing(not，know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.(2013四川)10.I got to the office earlier that day，having caught(catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.(2013新课标全国).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.After at the toy
20、for some time，he turned around and found that his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错)2.One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire， our barbecue.(2014陕西，短文改错)3.After for some time，I let her copy my answers.(2013四川，短文改错)4. this explanation，there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings，but th
21、e rate remained above the previous level.(2011辽宁，短文改错)5.The man did as told and slept really well， up before the alarm had even gone off.(2011四川，短文改错)Prohibition and warning & Obligation1.You may not.2.Always stay.3.Keep away from.4.Do not.5.You should never.6.Look out!7.You must.8.Watch out!9.You w
22、ill need to.10.Be careful when.11.Youll have to.12.Youll be fined (200) yuan.即时跟踪语法填空A：Look 1.at the photos of the UFOs on TV! Do you think they are real?B：I really dont know，my dear brother.You know，UFOs means Unidentified Flying Objects.A：But therere many people in the world 2.who said they had se
23、en the UFOs.B：Thats true,3.but no one really knows what they really 4.are(be).A：5.By the way，have you ever heard the news that Justin has disappeared?B：Yes，the police 6.have questioned(question) Justins sister，who said that Justin was taken away by aliens.A：Why did she think so?B：Because she said sh
24、e saw a spaceship 7.flying(fly) towards Justins room and heard him cry.8.Then the spaceship disappeared.A：Do the police believe her story?B：They havent ruled out the possibility that Justin was taken away by aliens，but they are also looking into other 9.possibilities(possible).A：I wish Justin could
25、return home soon.B：So 10.do I.文体指导慰问信是以组织或个人的名义向对方表示问候和关心的一种信函。1.慰问信的格式与一般英文信件的格式相同。2.要明确写慰问信的对象。只有对象明确了，慰问信的内容才好安排。3.语言要亲切、生动，感情要充沛、真挚。4.注意主题突出，语言简练。5.慰问信的结构一般如下：a.首先说明写慰问信的原因；b.向对方的遭遇表示同情并鼓励对方或者表达自己想帮助对方的愿望或具体措施；c.在结尾处可再次表示写信者的良好祝愿或同情之心。常用句式1.开头：(1)Im shocked/awfully sorry to hear that.(2)It was a
26、 great shock to hear that.(3)It broke my heart to hear that.(4)I just can t tell you how sad I was when I heard that.(5)I cant tell you how sorry I felt when I heard that.(6)I am writing to express my deep sympathy/care for you.2.正文：(1)I understand how you feel now.(2)I know the way you feel very we
27、ll.(3)Youll always have a support in me.(4)Its true that attitude decides everything.So you should never give up no matter what happens.(5)We are best friends so I will.(6)Please let me know if there is anything I can do.(7)If I can be of any help，please dont hesitate to let me know.3.结尾：(1)Im looki
28、ng forward to.(2)I hope our caring will help to comfort you.(3)I hope that time will take away the sorrow of your recent loss.(4)Remember that my heart and my thoughts are with you.写作任务假设你叫李明，你的外国朋友Andrew来上海旅游，回国后因天气和旅途劳累等原因病倒了，请你给他写一封慰问信。词数100左右。审题谋篇第一步明确要求本文为慰问信。对朋友因天气和旅途劳累等原因病倒了进行慰问。要注意语言亲切、生动，感情
29、要充沛、真挚。注意主题突出，语言简练。第二步确定段落Para.1点明写信的目的；Para.2点明生病的原因及采取相应措施；Para.3表明良好的祝愿。第三步词汇热身1.由导致be caused by.2.玩得开心have a wonderful time3.不同于be different from4.如果有必要if necessary5.赶上，追上catch up with第四步句式升级1.你在这里时我们过得很快乐，忘记了上海的气候不同于纽约。(一般表达)We had a wonderful time while you were here and forgot that the weathe
30、r in Shanghai is very different from that in New York.(句式升级)We had a wonderful time while you were here，forgetting that the weather in Shanghai is very different from that in New York.(分词作状语)2.在那么短的时间内旅行了那么长的距离你也一定累了。(一般表达)You must also have been very tired after you have travelled such a long dista
31、nce in such a short time.(句式升级)You must also have been very tired after travelling such a long distance in such a short time.(分词作状语)3.所以我建议你休息一下，如果有必要，就去看医生。(一般表达)So I suggest you get some rest，and if it is necessary，go to see a doctor.(句式升级)So I suggest you get some rest，and if necessary，go to see
32、a doctor.(省略结构)连句成篇Dear Andrew，I was very sorry to hear that you have been ill since you returned to your home from China，and that your illness was caused by the bad weather in Shanghai last week.We had a wonderful time while you were here，forgetting that the weather in Shanghai is very different fr
33、om that in New York.You must also have been very tired after travelling such a long distance in such a short time.So I suggest you get some rest，and if necessary，go to see a doctor.Dont worry too much about your studies.Youll catch up with others soon once you recover.I am looking forward to your ea
34、rly recovery.Sincerely yours，Li Ming.单元语法A)用分词作状语完成句子 1.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他向老师求助。Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the teacher for help.2. 如果你努力工作，你将会成功。Working hard, youll succeed. 3. 他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.4.那些孩子们
35、跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。The children ran out of the room，laughing and talking merrily.5.虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。Weighing almost one hundred jin，the stone was moved by him alone.B)单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6.Not like her mother，she is not beautiful in appearance.7.Having his hair cut，Professor Smith went straightly to th
36、e laboratory to proceed with his experiments.8.Having discussed twice，the proposal was adopted unanimously.9.While along the dangerous road，I had a blown out on my right rear tyre.10. her car stolen，she hurried to a policeman for help.阅读理解AA Frenchman was once traveling in England.He could not speak
37、 English at all.One day he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table.When the waiter came up，he opened his mouth，put his finger in his mouth and took it out.He wanted to showed，“Bring me something to eat.”The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea.The man shook his head and put his finger in and
38、out of his mouth again.The waiter understood him and took the tea away.In a moment he came back with a cup of coffee.But the man refused it.He shook his head again and again whenever the waiter brought him something to drink，for drinks were not food.When the Frenchman was going away，he saw another f
39、oreigner came in.This new comer saw the waiter，and put his hand on his stomach.That was enough.In a few minutes there was a large plate meat and vegetables on the table in front of him.11.The Frenchman signed to the waiter .A.to show he was thirstyB.to tell him bring a cup of teaC.to refuse the coff
40、eeD.to ask him for some food答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段“When the waiter came up，he opened his mouth，put his finger in his mouth and took it out.He wanted to showed，Bring me something to eat.”可知，这个法国人向服务员做手势想要些食物。故选D。12.The waiter took the tea away because .A.the Frenchman was angry at the himB.he was sure that
41、 the Frenchman wanted coffeeC.he understood what the Frenchman wantedD.the Frenchman told him to bring something to eat答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段当Freshman再次做了一系列手势后，“The waiter understood him and took the tea away.In a moment he came back with a cup of coffee.”服务员明白了这个法国人的意思，端走了茶，端上来一杯咖啡。故选B。13.We can infer f
42、rom the story that .A.the Frenchman went away with an empty stomachB.the waiter could not understand what the man saidC.the Frenchman was at last able to get what he wantedD.the other man helped bring the Frenchman the food答案C解析推理判断题。当法国人看到那个外国人把手放在肚子上时，服务员端上了吃的东西后，很有可能，也会把手放在肚子上，服务员就会给他上吃的东西了。故选C。B
43、(2016全国，C)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now，the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share
44、.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，“The two things that cha
45、nge your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry desc
46、ribing what they thought of it.Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want
47、to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.14.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of readin
48、g.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.答案B解析写作意图题。根据第一段内容可知，作者谈到读书小组经常在一起阅读、讨论，是为了介绍有此功能的BookC网站。15.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.答案A解析代词指代题。根据本句的内容可知，那些把书留在公共场所的人希望自己的书能够随着阅读它的人走得更远。本句的it指代前面的
49、the book。16.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句话可知，让书蒙尘是一种很自私的行为，这个网站的目的正是鼓励人们与他人分享图书，所以拿到书的人读完后最有可能继续把书传递给其他的读者。17.What is the best t
50、itle for the text?A.Online Reading: A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books: A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People Through Books答案D解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，这个网站把人们生命中最重要的两个事物人和书紧密联系在一起。故D项最能概括全文主旨。.语法填空Alex：Kelly，Ill go back home to visit my family for several weeks.Kelly：Thats grea
51、t.Its been quite a long time since you 18.saw(see) them，hasnt it?Alex：Yes，but Im thinking about 19.what I should bring back from China for everyonemy little brother，my sister and my parents.Kelly：You want to bring back some 20.attractive(attract) things，dont you？How about a Weifangstyle kite？You onc
52、e mentioned that your brother is fond 21.of collecting kites.Alex：Hey，thats a good idea! You and I had a lot of fun 22.flying(fly) kites together.Im sure my brother would like a Weifangstyle kite，too.Kelly：You could also bring back some embroidery(绣品) from Suzhou,23.which is very famous.Alex：Kelly，y
53、oure a genius(天才)! Not only is Su embroidery very colorful,24.but it also represents Chinese traditions(传统) too! My parents will really like it.Okay，now I have to decide what 25.to buy(buy) for my sister.Thats really 26.a difficult decision!Kelly：Dont be so upset，Alex.Does she like drinking tea？What
54、 about a Chinese teapot?Alex：Sure，shed love that.Another great idea! How do you think up these ideas so 27.easily(easy)，Kelly?Kelly：Geniuses always do that!.短文改错One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake.We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.As soon as we arrived，so we dropped the lines
55、 into the water.Before waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently.I wanted to give up，and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.Finally，there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish.Felt hungry，we
56、 built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.It was delicious.答案One Sunday morning we fishing at a lake.We took fishing poles and headed for the lake.As soon as we arrived，so we dropped the lines into the water. waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get .I wanted to give up， my grand
57、father told me to wait a little longer.Finally，there a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.Within the next few ，my grandfather also caught a fish. hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.It was delicious.书面表达假如你是凯特(Kate)，你的阿姨安妮(Annie)上周日在一次车祸中受伤住院了，请你根据下面的提示给她写一封慰问信。1.听到阿姨出
58、车祸的消息很震惊；2.听说阿姨正在恢复中很高兴；3.完成手头工作就去看望阿姨；4.祝阿姨早日康复。注意：词数100左右。参考范文Dear Aunt Annie，I was very shocked when I heard that you were injured in a car accident last Sunday.Later，I felt better when told that you were recovering from the operation.Please have a good rest and keep a balanced diet.I will go to see you as soon as I have finished my work.Im sure that you will pick up under the treatment of the doctors and nurses soon.I have sent you some beautiful flowers，which will help you feel better.I hope you will overcome the shock completely and enjoy your life again.Love，Kate