1、专题二定语从句 知 识 梳 理 一、关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、代词或词组，甚至整个主句是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。这些关系词的意义和功能比较如下：类别引导词句子成分指代例句关系代词who主、宾、表人Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.whom宾、表人The man who /whom you met just now is my friend.whose定所属关系，意为“的”I once lived in a house who
2、se roof has fallen in.which主、宾、表物或整个句子Football is a game which is liked by most boys.that主、宾、表人或物The number of the people that come to visit the city each year rises by one million.as主、宾、表人、物或整个句子She is the same person as you saw yesterday.关系副词when时间状语时间The time when we got together finally came.whe
3、re地点状语地点The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.why原因状语原因Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.二、关系代词that与which, which与as的用法区别that与which只用that的情况当先行词既有人又有物时The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. They are talking of the heroines
4、 and their deeds that interest them. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.The first thing that we should do is to get some food.When people talk about the cities o
5、f China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing.The best that I could do was to apologize.当先行词是something, anything, nothing, everything, few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词是由every, any, all, no, some, little, few, much等修饰时Is there anything that I can do for you?All that can be done must be
6、done.We should do all that is useful to the people.You can take any seat that is free. There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? Which is the room that Mr. Wang lives in？当先行词由the last, the only, th
7、e just, the very 等修饰时My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.This is the very book that Im looking for. She is the only person that understands me. After the big fire, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 当先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时Thats a good book that will help you a lot. Our school is
8、 no longer the place that it used to be.只用which的情况当“介词关系代词”修饰的先行词指物时The table under which the boy crawled was put up for writing. 当引导非限制性定语从句，指物或前面整个句子时He invited us to dinner, which was very kind of him.当先行词本身是that, those时Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 当先行词后有插入语时Here is the CD, as I
9、have told you, which is of great help to you.which与as在限制性定语从句中，当先行词前有such, the same或so修饰时，关系代词要用asI bought the same book as you have. Ill give you such things as you may need.She is so nice a girl as we all like.在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的从句一般在主句之后，而as引导的从句，可在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中He succeeded in the competition,
10、which made his parents very happy.As can be seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.Einstein, as we know (as is well known), is a famous scientist.There was a net bar around here, as I remember.在非限制性定语从句中，which通常意为“这，这一点”；as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如，就像”Shakespeare is a famous writer, as we all k
11、now.He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected.He failed in the exam again, as was expected.在否定意义的非限制性定语从句中常用which引导，而不用as引导You pretended not to know me, which I didnt understand.He came to my birthday party, which I didnt expect at all.三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项“介词关系代词”在定语从
12、句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where, whyIll never forget the day on which (when) I joined the army. The factory in which(where) his father works is far away from my hometown. I dont know the reason for which (why) he was late for school.“介词which”指物，“介词whom”指人This is the camera with which he often takes
13、 photos.This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.介词前有some, any, none, both, all, few, neither, most等代词、名词或数词时，介词一般用of，表示“所有”关系或“整体与部分”的关系The Greens have two daughters, both of whom are college students. He lives in a room, the window of which faces west.“介词关系代词定语从句”结构可以转化为“介词关
14、系代词不定式”结构I have a computer with which to look for much information. I have a computer with which I can look for much information.Rising employment gives consumers more income with which to pay for fuel.Rising employment gives consumers more income with which they can pay for fuel.介词whose名词Mr.Wang, w
15、ith whose help I finished the work on time, is one of the teachers I love and respect.四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用起限定作用，限制、约束先行词，从句不可省略，否则句意不完整对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使省略，主句仍然成立结构不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开功能先行词不可缺少的定语对先行词或主句作附加说明引导词作宾语时可省略；可用that；可用who代替whom作宾语时不可省略；不用that；不能用who代替whom翻译译作先行词的定语译成并列句五、定语从句的其
16、他事项先行词是way时的定语从句way作先行词，表示“方法，手段”，且在定语从句中作状语时，后面的定语从句用that或in which引导，也可以省略The way (that /in which) he spoke to us was suspicious. I feel angry about the way (that /in which) he has treated me.先行词是time时的定语从句time表示“次数”，用that引导或省略；time表示时间，则用when或at /during which引导Dont forget, itll be the first time (
17、that) Ive spoken in public.Dont forget the time when /at which the wedding will start.the time, every time, the moment等后的关系副词可以省略By the time (when) he was eight, he had learned to drive.“介词关系代词”定语从句中介词的确定根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词Water is the natural medium in which fish live.对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，此
18、时应注意介词的位置应放在动词后The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词I know a wood in which you can find roses. (注意搭配in a wood)根据句意来确定介词的使用This is the book from which I got the story.定语从句
19、中的主谓一致定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致Heres a letter from Mr. Brown, who wants to come to Paris.在“one of复数名词”结构中，后接定语从句时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但在“the (only) one of复数名词”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用单数形式He is the (only) one of the students who is often late.定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句与时间状语从句when引导定语从句时，从句修饰、限制先行词，跟在先行词后面Do you kno
20、w the time when the class is over? when引导时间状语从句时，说明动作发生的时间，可放在主句前When the class was over, the light went out.定语从句与地点状语从句where引导定语从句时，修饰、限制表地点(或抽象地点)的先行词This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.where引导地点状语从句，说明动作发生的地点，where前没有表示地点或方位的名词或代词，而是动词A lot of buildings have been built where there used to be a wasteland.定语从句与结果状语从句关系代词as在定语从句中充当主语或宾语This is such a difficult problem as all of us cant work out.引导状语从句的连词that在从句中不作成分This is such a difficult problem that all of us cant work it out.
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