1、Useful structuresUnit 3GrammarThe Present Perfect Passive VoiceRead the sentences from the text,paying attention to the underlined parts.1.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.2.2.,I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.3.3.I never forget anything I have been told!4.4.Since the 1
2、970s,many new applications have been found for me.5.5.I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as 现在完成时被动语态的结构现在完成时被动语态的结构是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have/has+been+动词过去分词”。主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours.他修理这台机器已有两小时了。被动句：The machine has been repaired for twohours(by him
3、).这台机器已修了两小时了。现在完成时的被动语态用法1)主谓关系被动，而且谓语动作从过去一直延续到现在；2)主谓关系被动，而且谓语动作发生在过去，但已对现在造成影响或结果Many of the worlds greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.St Petersburg has also been the center of many important events in history.Recently the price of TV sets has been cut.Have the letters been
4、posted?现在完成时主动句转换成被动句将现在完成时的主动句转换成被动句，则要把其宾语变为主语，谓语动词变为被动结构，主语变为由介词引导的状语或直接将其省略。如：1.They have asked him some questions.He has been asked some questions.2.He has eaten the cake.The cake has been eaten by him.现在完成时被动语态的构成1.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“have has been p.p.”构成。如：Two windows have been broken两个窗子被打破了。2.现
5、在完成时被动语态的否定式由“have has notbeen p.p.”构成；如：The car has not been repaired汽车还没有修好。3现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have Has 主语beenp.p.”构成。如：Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？No，they havent不，还没有。4现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由“疑问词havehas主语beenp.p.”构成。如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？Read the sentences paying atten
6、tion to the active voice and the passive voice.Group A1.We have finished our homework.2.Many visitors have visited the Great Wall.3.Mike has seen two films since last month.4.The Russian government has turnedthese palaces into museums.Group B1.Our homework has been finished by us.2.The Great Wall ha
7、s been visited by many visitors.3.Two films have been seen by Mike since last month.4.These palaces have been turned intomuseums.带双宾语的动词give/send/bring/take/teach/show/tell/make/sing/write/sell/buy/ask/pay/borrow/lend/hand/offer/provide/past/get/promise 变被动语态有两种方法：=The book has been given to him.=He
8、 has been given the book.I have given him the book.=We have been offered the most comfortable service by him.He has offered us the most comfortable service.=The most comfortable service has been offered to us by him.Change the following sentences into the present perfect passive voice.Put the verbs
9、into the correct form.1.We have bought a new personal computer.2.We have found many problems with our new computer.A new personal computer has been bought by us.Many problems have been found with our new computer by us.3.They have built a PC the way we wanted.4.They have just joined our computer to
10、the Internet.5.We have used the computer every day since we bought it.6.We have written a lot of e-mails on the computer in the past year.A PC has been built the way we wanted by them.Our computer has just been joined to the Internet by them.The computer has been used every day since we bought it.A
11、lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past year.主动语态表示被动的若干情况1.谓语动词用主动表被动的四种情况（1）某些连系动词主动表被动：look,sound,smell,taste,prove,feelThis kind of cloth feels soft.That dog looks dangerous.My advice proved to be wrong.(2)当open,close,shut,lock,move等用做不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。他们通常与cant
12、,wont等连用。The door wont shut.Suddenly the door opened.(不强调谁开了门)（3）当read,write,wash,sell,clean,cook,burn,draw,cut,wear等词与well,easily,quickly 等副词连用时，常用主动表被动。The cloth washes well.The poem reads smoothly.The book sells well.This cheese doesnt cut easily.Its too soft.This shirt will wear very long.The fl
13、oor doesnt clean easily.This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.但是别的时候要看具体情况而定：This book sells well.So far,200 books have been sold out.The sentence was read clearly by her.(4)某些表示开始和结束的动作（begin,start,finish,end,etc.），当主语是事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动表被动。When does the concert begin?The play ended a
14、t ten oclock.2.非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：（1）不定式to blame,to let用做表语时，通常用主动表被动。Who is to blame?(该怪谁呢？)The house is to let.(此屋出租。)（2）在“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常The question is difficult to answer.Do you think the water is safe to drink?(3)不定式用于某些动词的（have,have got,get,want,need）宾语后做定语时：I have some letters to write.I w
15、ant something to drink.比较：I have something to type.(我自己打印)I have something to be typed.(请别人打印)注意：当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时就用主动表被动，若不一致，则需用被动表被动。I have a letter to post.(自己寄)I have a letter to be posted.(请别人寄)（4）be worth doing;need/want/require doing(to be done)结构中In all,the book is worth reading.This might
16、 be worth thinking about.The plants want watering/to be wateredevery day.The wall wants repairing/to be repaired.但是：be worthy to be done/of being doneThis book is worthy to be read/of being read.一、将空白处补充完整,完成下列含有被动语态的句子(每空一词)。1.They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.Many ho
17、uses _ _ _ in the village in the past few years.2.They should have completed the project earlier this month.The project _ _ _ _ earlier this month.have been built should have been completed3.Jacks boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.Jack _ _ _ _ by his boss for his devotion to work.
18、4.They have found a good place to build a nest in the community.A good place _ _ _ to build a nest in the community.5.They havent yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.How to solve that difficult technological problem _ _ _ yet.has always been praisedhas been foundhasnt been
19、decided1.In the last few years thousands of films allover the word.(2011年天津卷)A.have produced B.have been produced C.are producing D.are being producedB二、从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2.Every year a flood of farmers arrive inShenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns
20、.（2010福建）A.promised B.were promised C.have promised D.have been promisedD3.His sister left home in 1998,and _ since.(2009年全国卷I)A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard of C.had not heard of D.has not heard of4.Though we dont know what was discussed,yet we can feel the topic _.(2008年陕西卷)A.had cha
21、nged B.will change C.was changed D.has been changedBD5.In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.(2008年上海卷)A.have run B.have been run C.had been run D.will run6.I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio.(2008年安徽卷)A.taught B.have taught C.are taught D.have been taughtBDHomework1.Finish the exercises in Useful 2.Structures and in Workbook.2.Preview Using Language.
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