1、强化训练之一强化训练之一主谓一致主谓一致Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb AgreementGrammar解读高考：a.考纲要求：掌握 主谓一致 的原则和用法b.考情回顾：近五年全国高考试卷对主谓一致的考查重点在短文改错和写作上c.重点提示：了解主谓一致的概念（谓语动词在人称和主语保持一致），掌握主谓一致三原则Summary主谓一致原则2.语法一致原则1.意义一致原则3.就近原则一.意义一致原则1.集体名词family,audience,crew,club,class,company,firm,committee,party,crowd,group,army
2、,government,the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。My family is a large one.My family like playing cards.The public is the best judge The public are invited to express their opinions.*People,police,cattle 等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The police are running after the thief.2.表示时间，重量，长度，金钱，数目
3、等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数即把主语作一个整体来看。Three hours is enough to do the work.Forty miles is a long distance.如果强调过了多少时日，谓语动词要用复数形式。Five years havepassed.3.以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题 某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics,mathematics,politics,economics(mechanics,optics,acoustics,statistics,linguistics,athletics)等,谓语动词通常用作单数。
4、e.g.Physics is a fundamental subject in science.4.其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如glasses,trousers,scissors,jeans,shorts,(pincers,pliers,suspenders,)等，这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。The scissors are hers.A pair of scissors is hers.*表示群岛，山脉，瀑布，运动会等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Olympic Games
5、are held once every four years.aregives5.The+adj.原级用于指人时（the old,the rich,the poor),谓语动词用复数形式。若指东西，抽象概念或个人时，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.The young _ usually active.The beautiful _ pleasure to all of us.6.none作主语时谓语动词用单、复数均可，且以复数更普遍。None of them have/has failed.None have/has arrived yet.None of the money is mine.7.
6、有些单词如：who,most,all,therest,half,some 等即可表示单数也可表示复数意义，谓语动词随其意义而定。Half of the money is wasted.Half of the books are given out to us.8.有些名词如：deer,sheep,means,works,species,means,people等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。This glass works was built in 1978.East of the city are two steel works.The Chinese people are br
7、ave and hard-working.The Chinese people is a brave and hard-working one.9.a/this/that+kind of+名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是kinds（types)of+名词或复数名词of+a(this,that）kind时，谓语动词用复数形式。The kind of apples _well.Men of this kind _dangerous.sellsare10.主语是a large/small quantity of+名词（可数或不可数）谓语动词用单数/复数；如果是“large(gr
8、eat)quantities/amounts of+名词（可数或不可数）”时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随quantity/amount 复数而定。There is a large quantity of milkon the farm Large quantities of water/coal/bricks are needed here.11.a number of+名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；The number of+名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。A number of workers are out of work.The number of the students
9、 in our school is eight thousand.12.两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。Sixty minus seventeen leavesforty-three.Six and eight makes/makefourteen.Grammar二.语法一致原则1.单数主语,单个动词不定式，动名词短语,从句作主语，谓语动词要用单数。A student is studying English.To see is to believe.2.复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式。All the students are clev
10、er.They like English very much.3.用and或bothand 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。Both my father and my mother arefarmers.What I think and what I do have been fairly in disagreement.注意：当and连接的词表示同一个人、事、物、概念时谓语动词用单数形式。The needle and thread was boughtby him.The poet and writer has come.4.当and连接的
11、并列名词词组带有each，every,no或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。e.g.Each student and each teacher has been given a task.Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.5.主语后紧跟as well as,with,along with,like,together with,rather than,except,but,including,besides,in addition to 等时谓语动词要与句子的主语保持一致。Nobody but my parents _th
12、e secret.The teacher as well as students _excited.The students as well as the teacher_learned to drive a car.knowsishave6.either、neither、no、each、every、many a、more than one 后加单数名词。any、some、no、every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。either,neither,each单独作主语时谓语动词用单数。isishas Everybody_ here.Either of the parents_ impo
13、rtant to me.Many a boy_ made that mistake.7.定语从句中的主谓一致。与先行词一致I,who am your teacher,will share happiness and sorrow with you.which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数As is known,I am beautiful.one of+复数名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式;the only/exact one of+复数名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。8.分数或百分数of+名词/代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。Two-th
14、irds of the students _from countryside.Ninety percent of the work _ been ehas9.从句作主语时的主谓一致what 从句作主语应根据表语来决定谓语动词的单复数。What hed like most for a birthday present is a car.What we badly need here are some English teachers.以who,why,how,whether 或 that 引导的名词性从句谓语动词用单数。三.就近原则谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。1.由or,nor,
15、either.or,neither.nor,notonly.but also,notbut.,whetheror连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。You or she is good at English.2.以here,there开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词于最近的主语保持一致。Here is some bread.There is a pen and three pencils on the desk.1.如果主语由“one in/one out of+复数名词”构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。e.g.One in
16、 ten students has passed the examination.One out of twelve bottles was left open.2.表示数量的one and a half+复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词一般用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.There is one and a half oranges on the plateExercises1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.A.am B.be C.is D.are2.Each man and
17、 woman _ the same rights.A.has B.have C.had D.is havingCA3.Every means _ tried but without much result.A.has been B.have been C.are D.is4.There _ in this room.A.are too much furniture B.is too many furnitures C.are too much furnitures D.is too much furnitureAD5.The manager or his assistant _ plannin
18、g to go.A.were B.are C.was D.be6.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A.am B.is C.are D.wasCC7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.A.is B.are C.has D.was8.Where and how to find him _ not known to us.A.is B.are C.was D.wereAB9._ was wrong.A.Not the teacher but the student
19、s B.Both the students and the teacher C.Neither the teacher not the students D.Not the students but the teacherD10.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”A.Will be B.Is C.Are D.Were11.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.A.are B.has C.is D.wereBC12.All that can be done _.A.has
20、done B.has been done C.have done D.have been doneB14.One or perhaps more pages _.A.is missing B.has been missed C.are missing D.was missingC15.More than one worker _ dismissed.A.have been B.are C.has been D.has16._ either you or I to do the work？A.Are B.Am C.Is D.WasCA17.Many a student _ the importa
21、nce of learning a foreign language.A.have realized B.has realized C.have been realized D.has been realizedB18.The gas works _ near the city.A.is B.are C.were D.be19.It_ they who often help me with my English.A.are B.is C.was D.wereAB20.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake v
22、ictims.A.is B.was C.are D.has been21.Cattle _ on the hillside.A.grazes B.is grazing C.was grazing D.were grazingCD22.The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.A.lies B.lie C.lay D.lays23.Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.A.is B.am C.are D.wasAC24.Tom is the only one of the staff membe
23、rs who _ to be promoted.A.is going B.are going C.has been going D.have been goingA25.What caused the accident _ on the road.A.were stone B.was stones C.was stone D.were stonesD26._ is to attend our evening.A.Both the singer and the dancer B.Either the singer or dancers C.The singer or the dancers D.
24、The singer and dancerD27.The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.A.had B.has been having C.are having D.were having D28.No one except two students _ the meeting.A.has been late for B.have been late for C.was late for D.were later forC29.All but him and me _ to the exhibition.A.am goi
25、ng B.is going C.are going D.was going30.Interest,as well as prospects,_ important when one looks for a job.A.are B.were C.is D.wasCC31.The president,accompanied by his assistants,_.A.have arrived B.are arriving C.had arrived D.has arrivedD32.A number of cars _ in front of the park A.is parked B.was
26、parked C.are parked D.has parkedC1.A knife and fork is on the plate.2.Here come the bus.3.The police are out searching for the missing boy.4.He is one of the students who has made progress.5.One or two days are enough for this work.true or falseTFTFT6.A day or two is enough for the work.7.More than one thousand men is listening.8.The United States were hit by the Great Depression in 1930s.9.The population in the world are increasing.10.He,who is your classmate,will go abroad.TFFFT
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