1、Language StudyShe is in a new play about a famous singer.Word Study(n.游戏,玩耍)Children learn a lot through play.play:(n.戏剧)She plays the drum.He plays football every Sunday.The little girl was playing in the garden.(v.演奏)(v.参加运动)(v.玩，玩耍)He was sitting looking out of the window.The dog looks dangerous.
2、Have a look at this book.A look of pleasure came to her face.look:(v.看,瞧)(v.看来,显得)(n.看,瞧)(n.表情)Ive been liked her brother.I wish I could sing like her.like:(v.喜欢)(prep.像一样)Grammar主动语态表示句子的主语为动作的发出者。被动语态表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。Tom broke the window.(主动语态)The window was broken by Tom.(被动语态)从以上对比可以看出,主动句中的主语Tom在
3、被动句中变成了短语by Tom,主动句中的宾语the window变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语,因此,只有及物动词才有被动语态。e.g.We teach English in our school.English is taught(by us)in our school.e.g.We teach English in our school.English is taught(by us)in our school.主动语态变被动语态的方法：1.主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.谓语动词由主动式变为“be+过去分词”的被动式。3.主动语态的主语变为被动语态介词b
4、y宾语。变为被动语态：1.They make shoes in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes are made(by them)in that factory.一般现在时:S(主语）+am/is/are +过去分词1.We often clean the classroom after school.The classroom is often cleaned(by us)after school.2.People use knives for cutting.Knives are used(by people)for cutting.3.Farmers grow
5、rice in South China.Rice is grown(by farmer)in South China.2.They bought ten computers last termTen computers were bought(by them)last term.一般过去时:S+was/were+过去分词1.Each of us sang an English song at the meeting.An English song was sung by each of us at the meeting.2.The students talked about the prob
6、lems in class.The problems were talked about by the students in class.3.Did Mr.Smith take you here?Were you taken here by Mr.Smith?4.Mr.Li told Jim to do the work.Jim was told to do the work by Mr.Li.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时:S+will+b
7、e+过去分词4.They would plant trees on the hill the next day.Trees would be planted by them on the hill the next day.过去将来时态的被动语态构成：S+would/was(were)going to+be+过去分词5.Ling Feng can take good care of Polly Polly can be taken good care of by Ling Feng.情态动词:S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词6.Some workers are pai
8、nting the roomsnowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时:S+am/is/are+being+过去分词7.We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时:S+have/has+been+过去分词8.We had learnt nine units by the end of last week.Nine units had been learnt by the end of last week.过去完成时时态:S
9、+had+been+过去分词9.I was doing my homework at 8:00 last nightMy homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时:S+was/were+being+过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时:S+am/is/are+P.P一般过去时:S+was/were+P.P.一般将来时:S+will/shall/is going to+be+P.P.过去将来时:S+would+be+p.p现在进行时:S+am/is/are+being+P.P.过去进行时:S+was/were+being+P
10、.P.现在完成时:S+have/has+been+P.P.过去完成时:S+had+been+p.p.情态动词:S+can/may/must/should+be+P.P.(1)make sb.do sth.Mr.Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr.Green at home.watch let have hear see notice几种值得注意的被动语态变化:1.带复合宾语的被动语态结构sb.be made to do sth.We often hear them sing t
11、his song.They are often heard to sing this song(by us).This song is often heard(by us)to be sung(by them).主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补,变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,see,notice,look at,watch。(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playin
12、g football at that moment.hear,watch(3)如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语;变被动时有何变化呢？Uncle Li lent us the boat last week.We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last weekThe boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week.(加上了to,有的也加for)间宾(人)作被动句的主语,一切依旧;而直宾(物)作主语,则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give,send,bring,teach,show,pass,write,ask,tell
13、等;加for的动词有make,draw,buy等。e.g.give sb.sth.sth.be given to sb.sb.be given sth.Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Boblast year.Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by my mother.tell ask bri
14、ng write give teach pass lendmake buy drawforto2.含有动词短语的被动语态：一般情况下,只有及物动词才能跟宾语,而不及物动词不能跟宾语,所以只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后,变成一个动词短语,相当于一个及物动词,就可以形成被动语态。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on by John.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of
15、by Grandma注:千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.3.带有宾语从句的句子转换成被动语态时,需要将宾语从句变为主语从句,通常用形式主语来代替,而将主语从句后置。They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：It is reported/believed/hoped/supposed that.4.不用被动语态的几种情况：1)不
16、及物动词没有被动语态。如:belong to,happen,take place,last,come true,break out,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,appear等。*World War II broke out in 1937.*Great changes have taken placein this city.*That bike doesnt belong toMike.2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态。have,cost,hold(容纳),lack(缺乏),fit,last I have a TV set.The coat fits me
17、 well.3)由“动词+名词”构成的短语,常不用被动语态。The boy often makes faces in class.Faces are made by the boy in class(F)4)祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如:【正】Look at the blackboard，please【误】The blackboard is looked at by you5)反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。例如:【正】You must look after yourself【误】Yourself must be looked after.5.某些动词形式是主动,但含有被动的意思。这书
18、很好卖。The book sells well.这种布很好洗。This kind of cloth washes very well.那支笔写起来很流畅。That pen writes quite smoothly.这鱼味道很好。The fish tastes good.这些花闻起来好香。The flowers smell sweet.这条围巾(muffle)摸上去很软。The muffle feels soft.这辆小车开得很快。The car drives fast.这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending.=The watch needs to be mende
19、d.We need to mend the watch.1.The boy _ to get supper ready after school.A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells2.A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China.A.must B.must be C.has D.have 3.This dictionary mustnt _ from the library.A.take away B.taken away C.are taken away D.be taken away4.M
20、y shoes _.I went out for a new pair.A.is worn out B.wore out C.were worn off D.were worn out 5.His car _ tomorrow.A.will be repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 6.Computers are useful.For example,they can _ sending e-mail.A.use for B.be used of C.be used for D.use of 7.The
21、strong wine is made _ rice.A.of B.from C.with D.in 8.People must _ waster water into the river.A.stop from pouring B.stop to pour C.be stopped from pouring D.stop to be poured 9.All these field _ with water in three years.A.cover B.are covered C.will be covered D.will cover10.They _ day and night.A.
22、are made work B.are made to work C.made to be worked D.are making to work 11.The dog _ the big tree,or itll run away.A.has to tie it B.must be tied on C.should tie to D.should be tied to12.We cant use the bridge now,because it _.A.has been repaired B.is repairing C.is repaired D.is being repaired 13
23、.Always give an answer when youre _.A.speaking B.speaking to C.spoken to D.spoken14.Dinosaurs _ about 65 million years ago.A.were disappeared B.are disappeared C.disappeared D.disappear 15.The accident _ last week.A.was happened B.happened C.is happened D.Are happened1.Finish Ex.2 on P75.2.Finish Ex.1-2 on P147.Homework
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